Essential Rules for Mathematical Operations
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ScribdTranslationsEssential Rules for Mathematical Operations
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Basic rules:
Having parentheses, we first solve the operations inside the parentheses.
Prioritizing the innermost parentheses to the outermost.
Basic operations:
I. Exponentiation or root extraction;
II. Multiplication or division;
III. Addition or subtraction.
For two operations of the same priority, we first resolve the one that
to appear first.
Addition and subtraction of fractions: We take the least common multiple of the denominators, and we add them.
numerators.
Multiplication of fraction: We simplify any numerator with any denominator and
we multiply numerator with numerator and denominator with denominator.
Division of a fraction: we keep the first and multiply by the inverse of the second.
Power of a fraction: we raise both the numerator and the denominator to the exponent.
Fractional root extraction: We extract the root of the numerator and the denominator separately.
3. Operations with signs:
Addition and subtraction
I. Numbers with the same sign, we add and keep the sign;
II. Numbers with different signs, we subtract and keep the sign of the larger number.
absolute value.
Multiplication and division
Multiplying or dividing two numbers,
I. If the signs are the same, the result is positive;
II. If the signs are different, the result is negative.
Exponentiation
I. Negative exponent: we invert the base and change the sign of the exponent.
II. Even exponent with a sign inside the parentheses: positive result.
III. Odd exponent: the result has the same sign as the base.
Rooting
I. Even index: the radicand cannot be negative. The result is positive or zero.
II. Odd index: the result has the same sign as the radicand, positive or negative.
4. General rules:
I. Zero exponent: The result is 1 if the base is not zero.
II. Exponent 1: the result is equal to the base.
III. Multiplication of equal bases: we keep the base and add the exponents.
IV. Division of equal bases: we keep the base and subtract the exponents.
V. Power of power with parentheses: we keep the base and multiply the exponents
exponents.
VI. Power of power without parentheses: we raise the exponent and then the base to
2
result obtained.23= 29
VII. Fractional exponent: = , ≠ 0.
VIII. Root of root: we keep the radicand and multiply the indices.
IX. Simplification of radicals: we decompose into prime factors to extract from the root the
factors with an exponent greater than or equal to the index.
5. Operations with radicals:
Addition and subtraction: we add or subtract the coefficients of roots with the same index and
even radicando.
Multiplication and division: Multiplying or dividing coefficients by coefficient and radicand
by simplifying radicals with the same index.
Rationalization of denominators
1
I. we multiply by , being 0;
1 −
II. we multiply by − , being 0, and , integers such that, > ;
1 +
III. we multiply by , being , 0 ≠ ;
− +
1 −
IV. we multiply the numerator and denominator by , being
+ −
, 0 ≠ .