Stiffness Method in Structural Analysis
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ScribdTranslationsStiffness Method in Structural Analysis
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS II
CLASS 03:
STIFFNESS METHOD
Ing. Miguel Angel Curi Rosales
Huancayo, 2019
Principle of Superposition
Superposition of Forces
Fixed flexibility coefficients
Flexibility Method
Superposition of Displacements
Fixed stiffness coefficients
Stiffness Method
STIFFNESS METHOD
. Based on the Superposition of displacements.
. Unknowns are the displacements at the joints or DEGREES OF FREEDOM.
. Consider the end forces of the bars comply with the equations of
balance.
. From the node equilibrium equations, a system of equations is obtained.
linear represented by:
. It is applicable in both isostatic structures and to
hyperstatic.
EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION
If a linear static analysis is performed, it is sufficient.
consider the applied external forces "f" equal to
the elastic reaction forces of the structure “
k . u".
K. u f
The parameters that define the solution are the
displacements of the structure 'u'. Starting from
these can determine the forces at the level of
the elements, using the following expression:
fe K e
. u e
CALCULATION PROCEDURE:
The calculation procedure is as follows:
1. Perform the preliminary calculations. Determine the
"A" areas and the moments of inertia "I".
2. Determine the stiffness matrix of the elements
"K".
e Establish the assembly codes of the
the same for the structure.
3. Calculate the stiffness matrix of the structure 'K'.
This will be obtained by summation of all the
stiffness of the elements.
4. Obtain the vector of external forces from the
structure " f ".
5. Calculate the displacement vector of the
structure "u". Through the equation of
balance
K.u=f
6. Calculate the internal forces vector of the
elements 'f'. e
6.1 On global axes:
fe = ke . eu
Where:
We
e obtain it from the vector of
displacements of the structure,
in correspondence to the GDL of
element.
6.2 In local axes:
fIe = Te .e f
Where:
It e is the transformation matrix of the
element of the global system
local system.
STIFFNESS MATRIX
The coefficients of each column of the matrix of
stiffness of an element, represent a state of
forces in equilibrium. The column "j" of the matrix
of rigidity indicates the forces that must be applied
in correspondence to each GDL to obtain a
displacement status with all the
components equal to zero, except for one
unit displacement corresponding to
GDL "j".
STIFFNESS MATRIX OF BEAM ELEMENTS
CASE I: "Disregarding the axial deformation of
the elements
Y
1
3
X
i j
2 4
L
CASE II: "Considering the axial deformation of
the elements
Y
2
5
1 4 X
i j
3 6
L
EA EA
0 0 0 0
L L
12EI 6EI 12EI 6EI
0 0
L3 L2 L3 L2
6EI 4EI 6EI 2EI
0 0
k(e) L2 L L2 L
EA EA
0 0 0 0
L L
12EI 6EI 12EI 6EI
0 0
L3 L2 L3 L2
6EI 2EI 6EI 4EI
0 0
L2 L L2 L (6x6)
STIFFNESS MATRIX OF COLUMN ELEMENTS
j 4
h
Y
2
X 1
i
3
12EI 6EI 12EI 6EI
0 0
h3 h2 h3 h2
EA -EA
0 0 0 0
h h
6EI 4EI 6EI 2EI
0 0
k(e) h2 h h2 h
12EI 6EI 12EI 6EI
0 0
h3 h2 h3 h2
-EA EA
0 0 0 0
h h
6EI 2EI 6EI 4EI
0 0
h2 h h2 h (6x6)
STIFFNESS MATRIX OF ELEMENTS
INCLINED (General Case)
DX
DX X j X i Cx Cosθ
L DX 2 DY 2 L
DY Y j YI DY
Cy Senθ
L
j 4
L
DY
Y
2
θ
X 1
I DX
3
EA 2 12EI 2
C X CY . . . . .
L L3
EA 12EI EA 2 12EI 2
( )C X C Y
C Y CX . SYMMETRICAL . .
L L3 L L3
6EI 6EI 4EI
C Y CX . . .
K (e) L2 L2 L
EA 12EI 2 EA 12EI 6EI EA 2 12EI 2
( 2 C X C Y) ( )CX C Y C Y
C X CY . .
L L3 L L3 L2 L L3
EA 12EI EA 12EI 2 6EI EA 12EI EA 2 12EI 2
( )C X C Y ( Y C
2
C X) C X( )CX C Y C Y CX .
L L3 L L3 L2 L L3 L L3
6EI 6EI 2EI 6EI 6EI 4EI
C Y CX CY CX
L2 L2 L L2 L2 L
PROPERTIES OF THE MATRIX OF
RIGIDITY
. The stiffness coefficients kij are symmetric, that is
say kij=kji.
. The stiffness coefficients of the main diagonal
they are greater than zero, that is, kii>0.
. The stiffness matrix is positive definite, that is
its inverse exists.
THANK YOU
Source. PREVENT