Second Stage

Flexible Modality
Module 2

STUDENT GUIDE
This material is distributed under license
Creative Commons, you can distribute it and
copy it but do not modify it or sell it.
 Welcome to the Second Stage of Basics Module 2

El material que tiene en sus manos es una guíaque tiene ejercicios,

tasks and content of the courses, the tasks describe the
instructions you must follow to create your task portfolio.

Communication and Literature.

Mathematics.
Social Sciences.
Natural Sciences.
Accounting.
Portfolio of
Exercises
This is a very part
importante de nuestro
work, each student is-
will study and will make a
large amount of exercises in each one
of those courses. All the exercises must
put them in a single folder, separated by
cardboard or folder cutouts.

If you do the work on the computer, you can

use text file, using pages size-
a line and a half letter. It can also be
use PowerPoint. All these tasks are...
win in the virtual classroom in the tasks section
of each grade. Don't forget to label your work
on the first page or slide.

If you do the printed or handwritten works, they must

come properly identified, on sheets
letter size, if you do it by hand you must use
letter size sheets with lines.
 Introduction to Accounting
Material aligned with the National Base Curriculum

COMPETENCE Achievement Indicators

1. Formula viable projects 1.2 Establishes the professions
that promote improvement that generate development so-
family, school or community. social and economic in the con-
text.

2. Apply improvement techniques 2.1 Plan systems of

continues in the development of control for the development of
productive processes in their productive processes.
This material is distributed
back. under Creative Commons license
3.1, you can distribute and copy it
but do not modify it or sell it.
4. Execute proposals of em- 4.2 Prepare accounting reports
productive school entrepreneurship of project or unit
the community that emphasizes theschool or community productive
integration of leadership and pro- taria.
administrative break and eat
ciales.

Page 1 of 5
What it is and what it is used for EXERCISE 1
family budget Analyze this family budget; then answer
Having a family budget will allow you to see in the questions that follow:
what your money is spent on and being able to know what expenses
prioritize, reduce or eliminate. Ultimately, it will help you January
to save, to know what your economic situation is Family income (all)
my family and to have a cushion for unforeseen expenses
Fixed salaries 3,500.00
cowboys.
Other income 500.00
Creating a family budget is as simple as TOTAL: 4,000
note down in one column the family incomes, like
the payrolls, the extra jobs or any other type Family expenses
on compensation. In another column, note the expenses. Household food expenses 1200
relatives that can be divided into: Eating out 500
Mandatory expenses: These are those that have a Receipts (Water, electricity, telephone,
fixed monthly payment that we cannot miss 200
cable
pay, we refer to the mortgage or rent, the
loans or community expenses. Bus, gasoline 250
Necessary expenses: They are those that we can House rent (fee) 1200
reduce but do not eliminate, because as its name- Insurance, Medicines 0
bre indicates they are necessary for family well-being.
liar, for example: transportation, electricity, the Fun 400
food, etc. School 300
Occasional expenses: Like a vacation, going out Debts 500
for drinks or to go to the movies, we are referring to the
"extras" that can be removed in case of Savings 0
we can't make it to the end of the month. TOTAL EXPENSES 4550
Subtract from INCOME minus
In order for everything to run better and avoid surprises, -550
EXPENSES
to the extent possible, include a savings item
like another of the monthly expenses, this
What are the monthly incomes of
will allow us to cope with unexpected expenses co- this family?
possibly a car breakdown or some repair in What can we call fixed expenses?
house and variable expenses?
Which expenses are the most important?
Taken from:
what tests can be avoided?
[Link] Do you notice any exaggerated or unnecessary expenses?
[Link]
necessary?
Do you think it can be spent less if it
Do you travel by bus and not by car? Reason.
your answer.
How could this family save on
nutrition? List five.
ideas, if possible talk with your
friends or family members to give you
ideas.

Page 2 of 5
 a wish.
This budget does not allocate anything to
an emergency savings, breaks down The need can sometimes be trans-
the vehicle, an illness or a business that to form in desire; this happens when we want
deserves an immediate expense, advises this specific things to meet the need. By
family to form a savings but indicates from where example, when an individual is hungry they can
you can take out money to save, remember satisfying that need by eating anything,
que su ingreso es de Q4000 y les faltan Q850 but it's desire when he wants to eat a pizza. It is
to do well during the month. to say, this person needs to eat, but he wants a
pizza

Needs or Please note that this is not a universal rule.

Yes, everyone must identify their own desires.
wishes and needs. For example, a car can be a
Financial planning a desire for one person and a necessity for another
personal and family help that they have no other means of transportation
will set goals, formulate close and efficient.
an action plan that you
allow to fulfill what is Finally, it is very important to find the equilibrium.
has proposed and to make prev brio between desires and needs, because if
sessions for tomorrow, to Well, needs always come first, it-
through saving habits, from a project of It does not mean that desires are not important.
debt, and the prioritization of expenses. Part Hello; on the contrary, the satisfaction of certain desires
the fundamental of expense prioritization is learned it can even help us to be happier and to
to distinguish between a desire and a need we are better off with our life.
dad. Saber Más, Ser Más helps you with this task:
Key differences between desire and need
Needs are essential expenses for living. Wishes are things that are not essential.
i.e., they cannot be negotiated, ignored, or applauded for life, but needs are.
among these are food, the Needs refer to elements without
housing, meals, and clothing. Depending on the which survival or the
stage of life in which you find yourself, will appear- quality of life, while desires
meeting different needs, for example, when refer to things we want you to-
children we think we can't live without a bike to have or reach to feel better.
shut up a toy, when young without going to the university Needs are more important than
city and when adults without a car of their own. the wishes.
Examples of needs are food, water,
The key is to define how much you are willing to pay. clothing.
to meet the needs it has; for this Examples of wishes are a smartphone, going to
keep in mind the money you really have available a restaurant and going to the movies.
noble and the benefit that each thing generates for him.
Taken from:
However, not all the expenses you incur [Link]
Diaries satisfy a need, usually, the
people allocate a significant amount of their in-
expenses to be paid discretionary expenses that simply
they are destined for something they want, but that is not nece-
Sitan, how to go to the movies or buy the latest computer.
tador, this is precisely what we define as

Page 3 of 5
EXERCISE 2
GOD IS THE OWNER OF EVERYTHING
Create your own family budget. Fill it out Chuck Swindoll
all possible information.
Oscar Wilde, Irish playwright and author of
years ago, wrote in The Picture of Dorian
Family income (all) Gray: "Young people these days imagine
that money is everything . . . and when they age
Fixed salaries They know it!1
Other income
TOTAL: My favorite statement regarding money is the
a comedian said talking about the needs
Family expenses
from a woman: 'From birth to ten-
Household food expenses eight years a woman needs good parents; of
Eating out from eighteen to thirty-five needs a
Receipts (Water, electricity, phone, good figure; from thirty-five to fifty
cable
and five needs a good personality; and of
the fifty-five and above, need money-
Bus, gasoline
ro!2
House rent (installment)
Insurance, Medicines No matter how important money may be, everyone
we realize that there are things that cannot
Fun to buy. Consider these examples:
School Money can buy medicine, but
Debts no health.
Money can buy a house, but not
Savings a home.
TOTAL EXPENDITURES Money can buy companions, pe-
Subtract from INCOME less I have no friends.
EXPENSES Money can buy entertainment, but
no joy
Money can buy food, but
What are the monthly income of no appetite.
this family? money can buy a bed, but
What can we call fixed expenses? no rest.
and variable expenses? Money can buy a crucifix, but
What expenses are the most important? not in El Salvador.
which ones can be evaded? Money can buy the good life,
Do you notice any exaggerated or unnecessary expenses? but not eternal life.
necessary?
How could I save on food? When it comes to money and material possessions
tion? List five ideas, if it is too many of us, to be complete-
possible conversation with your friends or fa- be honest, we let things that po-
military personnel to give you ideas. let's be possessed.

We are slaves serving an unrelenting cape-

you know, we spend our whole lives making money in the end
to buy things that age, or get damaged, or
they need repair. And so we have to
to have more money to replace or repair

Page 4 of 5
those things. But let me give you five words As we mature, by the grace of God, He
simple things that will give you freedom, financial freedom allows certain things to be placed in our
real. possession, but none of them of ownership
ours. Remember, He owns everything in heaven
These words are not originally mine, and for and on the earth. Everything is His.
to be sincere, they don't sound very deep, but never
I have found in all my studies five other pa- So, to please him, we have to live our
words that can free us better from slavery lives with open hands. Accepting what He
financial. These are: God is the owner of everything. he only trusts us as stewards, never as
owners. Without daring to grasp the things that He
Pay close attention to these verses. trusts us.
Exodus 19:5: "The earth is mine." Holding everything loosely. Keeping sim-
Deuteronomy 10:14: "Behold, to the Lord your God belong heaven and the heaven of heavens,
implement thethetreasures
earth and all
thatthatHe
is in it."
entrusts to us, investing
God is the heavens, and the heavens of the heavens, the wise cunning never forgetting that in which-
earth, and all the things that are in it. What moment He can take away from us what He wants
Job 41:11: 'Everything under heaven' Well, that is their sovereign right.
It is mine.
Psalm 24:1: "The earth is the Lord's, and its fullness" That time can be in the middle of our lives.
the world, and those who inhabit it. That's when we feel the most prosperous. It may
1 Corinthians 6:19: "Do you not know that your body is..." being early in our life, when we think
the body is the temple of the Holy Spirit that God that we have earned the right to win mu-
has given them, and that the Holy Spirit lives in give and spend a lot. It can be late in life.
you? You are not your own due- when all the savings have been spent and you have
years (VP). little else to expect except an empty nest.
1 Corinthians 7:23: "You were bought at a price..."
two for a price (RVC). We return to what we said at the beginning: God is
1 Timothy 6:7: "For we brought nothing into this world owner of everything. You will never be in trouble
world, and undoubtedly we will not be able to take anything out.
financial if you remember those five words. They
they will revolutionize their way of thinking about
Without our God, we would be bankrupt corpses. God is the owner of
Everything we have is His. We are born into this "everything" appeared in every checkbook, in every purse-
world with our empty hands, and we leave from Hello, in every tax declaration, in every
this world not only with empty hands but dressed stock transaction, on any credit card
clothes without pockets. When one stops to think about it, in every mortgage, in every vehicle title,
our souls also do not have pockets. Do not take us- in every real estate contract and in every
Let's not go. God is the owner of everything. business transaction. I would like everything that
we had in our homes, had print-
The theologian John Wesley said it this way: do this reminder in bold uppercase letters.
When the Owner of heaven and earth gave you the
to be, and he put you in this world, he put you here not as
owner, but as a steward.4

Stewardship is managing the treasures of God to the Whose things are in

God's way, for God's purposes and always... your house?
prayer for the glory of God. We start life with
our hands wide open and nothing in
they.

Page 5 of 5
 Social Sciences IV
Material aligned with the National Base Curriculum

COMPETENCE ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS WEEK

3. Propone estrategias 3.1. Indaga sobre las diferentes formas 1
in which the young people of government present in history
contribute in the Guatemalan and its institutions
process of policies.
construction of the 3.2. Investigate within the legal framework 2
citizenship. national structure and functions of
State and its contribution in the
building a consciousness
citizen.
3.3. Establish the relationship between the 3
taxation and the use of income
in a transparent manner for the benefit of the
society. The present material is distributed
4. Apply the process of identifying problems and challenges in its 4 under Creative Commons license
social research life and its environment, as well as different 3.1, you can distribute it and copy it
and other knowledges in the options he has to delve into the but not modify it or sell it.
formulation of a problem identified.
project. 4.2. Provide solution proposals to 5
problems and challenges applying the
logical and reflective thinking.

Page 1 of 12
Task 1

Political structure of Guatemala.

Description.
The following two tasks will be done using
the same online reading material. It
requires access to a computer
connected to the Internet.
The document is on the page:
[Link]
p1hYLLc
In the link you will find the topic
Political Structure of Guatemala

The three tasks can be done in a

PowerPoint file only or program
similar. It can also be delivered in
physical format, you must attach it to your
portfolio.

Task 1
Using a PowerPoint presentation or
similar program, either in physical format,
using online sheets. We prepared a
definition for each of the concepts of
the structure of Guatemala.

In addition to the definition

we have to provide
an example of each one
the types of government, that
has taken place in
Guatemala and if it does not exist a
example of Guatemala
so we will use the one from
any other country of
world.

Page 2 of 12
Task 4
Main Presidents of

Guatemala.

Since the first year of basic education we have been

making timelines with PowerPoint, like this
that we are now going to exercise again this
instrument.
In this task we are going to make a line of
time about the types of government that have
has existed in Guatemala, for this you must see the
list of presidents that appear below;
search for information on the Internet about this
mandatory and then on your timeline
answer the following:
What year or era did this govern?
person?
What type of government did he/she exercise?

If you don't have internet access, you can buy

president cards at a nearby bookstore
to your home.
1. Rafael Carrera
Justo Rufino Barrios
3. Manuel Estrada Cabrera
[Link] Ubico
5. Juan José Arévalo
6. Jacobo Arbenz
[Link] Arana Osorio
8. Efrain Rios Mont
9. Alvaro Arzú
In each little square of the following page
we write the corresponding information.
If you prefer, you can do your homework in
PowerPoint and print it or upload it to the classroom
virtual.

Page 3 of 12
MODULE 4 Online document available at: https://
[Link]/ Date of consultation:
Are you corrupt? 16/05/2017

Transparency International defines corruption

as the misuse of the entrusted power for ARE YOU CORRUPT?
to obtain private benefits. This definition This evaluation has been taken from the website of
includes three elements: Congress of the Republic of Guatemala
The misuse of power [Link]
A delegated power, that is, it can
to be in the public or private sector Using one or two pages of text or in your
A private benefit, which does not necessarily defect several PowerPoint slides or
is limited to personal benefits for whom programa similar, contesta las siguientes
misuse of power, but it can questions, you must choose option a, b or c and explain
include family members or friends. why are you selecting that
answer.
How does corruption affect me?
QUESTION 1
For Citizen Action, corruption affects in three ways
It's final exams and you're doing poorly in one.
fields:
subject. During recess, a calls you a
Economic: causing things or friend and tells you that the school secretary
goods and fundamentally the services that is selling the exam for that subject for
The State must present itself to the population.
Q100 asks you to contribute with part of the
such as drinking water, roads, money to take the exam. YOU:
electricity, etc. - be more expensive. You invent something and ask your parents for it.
a.
Politician: reproduces and ensures exclusion money to be able to obtain a copy of the
policy, so that not all of us have exam.
access to decision-making positions and maintains the
b. Poor secretary, they probably pay her a
social inequality, separating more and more
low salary, we are going to help her ..
to the rich of the poor, without allowing us
to reach a worthy living standard; helps to the c. You are trying to convince your partner of
that they don't buy the exam and that it is better
existence of networks of complicity between
minority groups with power, that study and look for the director to
contribute to ensuring that those who do not are not penalized report the secretary
commit crimes and maintain impunity.
Social: it exacerbates the differences between beings QUESTION 2
humans, limiting the role of the State You want to go to the concert of your favorite artist, but
as an entity that responds to the when you arrive at the box office they tell you that the
needs and demands of the whole the roads have come to an end. Upon retiring from the
population, as it acts only in favor of ticket office, several resellers approach you
from those who retain influence, money and entries. YOU:
power, affecting the rest of us a. Do I have to pay more because I came late or not?
citizens. I bought online.
b. Sellers need to eat too and
Citizen Action What is corruption? I want to go to the concert.

Page 4 of 12
c. You return to your house and hope to be able to attend the b. You reject the proposal and report to the
next concert. the person who made you the proposal.
c. You thank but decide to pay your bill and
QUESTION 3 visit the Electric Company to request
You asked for permission at your job for two hours to go to a review of consumption and see if there isn't a
get your DPI at RENAP. Upon arrival to do the error.
You worry because you realize that there is
a very long line and you won't be able to return to your QUESTION 6
work part-time. Suddenly, someone approaches you. You are in your car when someone approaches you.
person and offers to sell you their place in the pirated disc seller, with a wide
soda. YOU: selection of artists and at very low prices
a. He stood in line for me and I will pay him for it. favorable. YOU.
buy your place a. This man cannot find a job and the
b. You give the person the money they asked for, artists are millionaires, a ten CD
you do the paperwork and return to your job. Quetzals will not harm them.
c. I'd better come back another day when there are fewer. b. You reject the offer and report it to the...
people. authorities the act.
c. Decides not to buy in order not to encourage the
QUESTION 4 sale of pirated products.
You parked in a prohibited area for a
moment, to deliver a package in a QUESTION 7
office. When you leave, you realize that they are You are in the park playing with a friend when
putting a clamp. The policeman approaches you and offers you you see a man drop his wallet without anyone noticing
that if you give him a certain amount of money, he won't make you the
realize. Your friend grabs the wallet and you
you can leave without any problem. he proposes that they say nothing and share it
a. You give the money to the police officer to be able to leave. money that we have between the two of us. YOU:
quickly. (Your bosses surely steal more a. Aceptas la propuesta de tu amigo y tomas
that the portion of money that belongs to you.
b. You ask him to proceed as appropriate. b. You take your friend's wallet and reach.
According to the law, you pay the fine and note the to the gentleman to return it to him.
police identification number and it c. You don't accept the money because you know that you don't
report it even if nothing happens or you
it is correct.
threat.
c. I play innocent. I tell the police officer no,
I prefer to pay the fine to fight the
corruption.

QUESTION 5
In a meeting, you mention to those present how expensive it is.
What is the light in your house showing you? A person.
present offers you to put on a 'devil' so that you
counter marks less consumption and thus you pay
less, in exchange for a payment. YOU:
a. The light has gone up every month, surely those of the
The company is robbing me, (thief who steals from
thief..)

Page 5 of 12
 propose a solution to the problems that may arise
MODULE 4
to give oneself.
When you feel bad, what
What are you doing?
The safest thing is that you go to the doctor and tell him
Before we continue, we must define
what it means to us
you say that you feel sick or
sick. The doctor then begins to problem.
ask some questions: The road that leads from the headwaters
Since when have you felt this way? the municipal to the village El Jobo is difficult to
to transit. There is a lot of dirt, there are several holes, in
What were you doing before
start to feel bad? in summer, dust clouds form that barely
Where were you? pains let people breathe. In winter,
What have you taken to improve? the road is filled with mud and the tires of the
Etc. etc. cars slip. People would like this to be
the road was paved.
Although the doctor doesn't know what you do
you have, when you start doing these A problem is the
questions he can form an idea of difference between 'what
origin of the problem and then issue a is
diagnosis saying: to be...
You are feeling the symptoms of a great The problem here is the
flu. I will prescribe you three days of rest lack of pavement in the
and some painkillers. road.

On the fourth day you either feel good or you have to Why are you studying?
return to the doctor. That's what it's about.
Let's say you were offered a job position
diagnostics. Asking questions to
but they require you to have a high school diploma.
investigate problems; and a diagnosis
At this moment, no
community is not very different from a
you have it, then the
medical diagnosis except that at the
the difference is not having
communities do not get the flu, the problems
community members are somewhat different, it can a high school diploma
and without having a diploma.
the lack of roads, lack of schools,
That space that exists
lack of health center or lack of security.
between having and not having is
the problem.
This lesson is about diagnosis
community and how it cannot be done otherwise
More than doing it, we are going to fill it out How are problems solved?
a guide that will allow us to become a If I go to the doctor and he gives me the correct medicine
mental image of the community in which my problem is solved. In the case of the
we live. community problems the solution of these
problems may take a bit longer
and resources.
With that image, we can make a diagnosis.
from the situation of place and of course

Page 6 of 12
Pave the road or study for three years What characteristics make it unique?
Obtaining a high school diploma is not that easy. community?
how to take two acetaminophen pills.
Type of inhabitants.
Remember, the reason for a diagnosis
Community is looking for discrepancies between the Where do they work or study?
what it is and what it should be but for that it
require several steps, which we detail below
continuation: 3. Inventory of
Resources
Pedro goes to the bank and requests
How to make a diagnosis? a loan to pay for a
mountain of debts that
1. Delimit the environment has. The person in charge of
or location of the The bank asks you: Do you own any property? Yes.
community. Pedro has a house; he will be able to leave this house as
backing or guarantee of the loan you are going to receive.
When are we going to study a
place we need to define In the case of communities, if we are going to look for
clearly the extension of solutions to the problems we must also
territorio que vamos a cubrir. find out which resources are those with
There are villages or municipalities that that the community already has and that can help
they are very big and therefore to resolve the situation.
it must be separated into geographical areas The main resources in any community
to make a better diagnosis. In they are natural, like sources of water, rivers,
in our case we will use only cultivated lands and any other production that
our colony if we live in any city or it happens in the place. It can also be counted as
our village if we live in the interior of the country. resources all those technological resources, by
example if there are centers near the place
universities, factories, government office, etc.
2. Description of the
Community resources also refer to the
community. existing infrastructure, that is, roads,
once we have paths, etc. etc.
established the border of
Where can you get everything
our study or diagnosis
we proceed to describe the that information?
community or colony or village. This information may be available
This is possibly the mainly in the municipal offices but
most extensive work of the we can also find it in what is called
community diagnosis. primary sources, this is asking the
same people or secondary sources, which are for
example documents that we can find in
To describe our community we must libraries or the Internet.
answer the following questions with
quite a breadth, that is to say, it should not Finally, this leads us to the development of
answer with a simple yes or no without explaining surveys or checklists.
with detail the answer.
Nombre de la comunidad.
How do you get there?

Page 7 of 12
If we are going to talk to people study, that is to say the reason for which one is
we need to carry out a survey or making the community diagnosis.
structured interview in order to
establish in advance the
information that we want Description of the community.
find. This section explains in detail everything that
If we are going to look for documents or regarding the community. Where is it
visiting the government office is worth it located, how to get to the place, that
it is a pain to create checklists. paths exist and a general description of the
population, What are the main sources of
In any case, if we are going to elaborate on a
work of place and any characteristic that
checklist or an interview, before
everything is necessary to establish something that
makes the place special.
called "variables", a variable is anything
aspect of the community that can be measured
Inventory of resources.
to observe.
In this section, we inform the reader about the type
of resources available to the community. In
The main variables in any this case does have rivers, the flow of the rivers and the
community is as follows: population, importance of them. If there were any lake
sources of work, roads, paths search also follows the same process, if there is
neighborhoods, rivers, lakes, livestock, agriculture roads, university centers, etc. The resources
health centers, hospitals, schools, as we said, are all those things with which
students, men, women, etc. etc. count the community and what they can serve for
When we are studying high school help to solve problems.
let's add something to these elements,
something called indicators but that for
the moment we will leave out. The Studied variables.
indicators are numbers aggregated to the As a reference, we provide here a list of
variables. In this case, the population variable those things we were looking for, by
it is associated with the indicator 'quantity of' ejemplo fuentes de trabajo, cantidad estudiantes,
inhabitants"; the reason is that I cannot number of schools, and any other situation that
to know how much population exists in a clarify the purpose of this diagnosis
community if we give you the number of yours community.
inhabitants of course.

Conclusions.
The community diagnosis is Finally, in the conclusions we must
present in a document clearly establish what the problems were
what contains the following what we find. A minimum of three is advised
conclusions and a maximum of five. To each
points: conclusion corresponds to a recommendation; if
the conclusion of the community diagnosis is the
problem statement; the recommendation
Introduction. represents the opinion of the writer or of the
In this section, we will describe the purpose of people interviewed about the way in which they
Can you fix that problem.

Page 8 of 12
Bibliographic references.
In this section, the references about
who have been our informants, in case of
having spoken with people, visited entities, and
printed or digital documents that we have
consulted.

Task 6
Diagnosis of my community.
In one or two pages of text, answer the
following questions to form a diagnosis
community.
VILLAGE EL JICARAL
Name of the neighborhood or village
Description of the community
Where is it located?
What is the approximate length? (Quantity The village El Jicaral is located 3 km away.
from the municipality of Jalpatagua, Jutiapa. It is 115 km.
of houses or families that live or extension
approximately in apples or caballerías.) from the city of Guatemala to the village. The
the complete village covers approximately two
Description of the community. land caballerías or 128 blocks.
In one or two paragraphs, explain the name of the It has an average of 5000 inhabitants.
village or hamlet, which municipality it belongs to, distributed in approximately 100 to 150
where it is located, how to get there and if applicable houses. Like all rural areas of the East, the
Can you make a small map of the place? families tend to be large, the majority
Can you add a Google Maps map) composed of father and mother and an average of 3
5 children per family.
Inventory of resources.
Main access routes
Main sources of local employment. Inventory of
Factories or entities that are in the place. resources.
Types of schools (primary, secondary, etc.)
Natural resources (lakes, rivers, mining, The main road of
livestock farming agriculture, etc.) access from the city
from Guatemala is the
3 a 5 conclusiones y recomendaciones. road to El
It details what kind of problems the community has and Salvador, after the
how it can be solved. Every problem has river the slaves are taken
a conclusion corresponds and to each conclusion a a detour to the
recommendation. municipality of Oratorio, department of Santa
Rosa, about 20 km further on, you arrive at the
municipal head of Jalpatagua, already in the
Department of Jutiapa.
From the municipality, a dirt road is taken.
that communicates with the mentioned village. Most
of its inhabitants are engaged in agriculture,

Page 9 of 12
sowing corn, beans, and millet. Currently, young people seek to immigrate to
Most of the harvest is stored for the the city of Guatemala or to the United States,
family group nutrition, except for the this has brought several problems; the main one is the
sugar cane molasses, which is sold to buyers who absence of men in households as they
they have their warehouses in the municipal seat. they are working as guards of
This is then processed to convert it into security, police a bodyguard. Jobs
flour or animal feed. who are inherently dangerous and many times
we can find young widows.

The village has only one school.

primary education; there are no schools for It can be noted that many houses have
preschool and there is no institute of abandoned the use of bajareque or mud
basic or diversified education. There is no what is a kind of wall built around
nor in educational centers from the house and arrested with wood. When someone
of the young people manage to arrive in the United States
private; therefore to the
finish primary school the children houses are rebuilt with cement blocks and
A terrace or sheet metal roof is placed on them.
they travel to the municipal head
to continue their studies.
Conclusions.
There are no factories of any kind. We found three main problems in the
class in the locality; what yes community.
There are three cattle farms.
and they are also the main ones 1. The first of them has to do with the
source of work of the village. access, the unpaved road prevents the
development because the crops are not
The main natural resources are in easily transferred to the head
first place the land extensions municipal; likewise, transportation is done
used for cultivation; although the difficult because vehicles cannot enter
unfortunately much of the land is small.
becoming barren due to excessive use of the
a technique known as 'slash' that consists of 2. Another difficulty of the home is the lack of a
in burning the stubble of the land in Institute of basic education and
preparation for sowing. diversified, this makes young people
have to travel daily to the town
spending money on transportation or many
Another important resource of the community is sometimes walking the four or 5 km that it
the Tename river passes quite close to the separate from its study center, this apart
community, this river is used to be an economic problem it also
mainly as a source of water, of turns into a security issue
recreation and irrigation.
there are reports of girls who have been
Most of the houses in the village have violated by criminals.
with drinking water and electricity.
3. The other problem we already mentioned is the
In previous decades, it was common for the falta de hombres en los hogares, al ser una
young people would go to do their military service for agricultural community the women stay
two and a half years and then they will return to the place
at home and on rare occasions go out to
to start families and dedicate themselves to agriculture field to work, if the lady is a widow it happens
or working on livestock farms. many difficulties in feeding their
children and if the husband works in the capital or

Page 10 of 12
 in the United States, the absence of the father Task 7
in the home it becomes more noticeable because the
young people need someone to discipline them. Project
Some people who have seen this
phenomenon they claim that is the reason why the
Institute of
that gangs are forming in the Education
community. Basic.

Recommendations. After many efforts, the mayor's office

It is recommended to form a neighborhood committee
the municipality has authorized a budget for
1.
buy the material that will be used to build the
to initiate the proceedings before the
Basic education institute, they have also
municipality to pave the road,
offered supervision through an engineer
some neighbors have proposed to put them the
civil servant working for the municipality; the mayor
labor and that the mayor's office provides
now he wants the neighborhood committee to present him
machinery and materials.
a project to build the referred institute.
2. Similarly, it is recommended to form a
You are the president of the neighborhood committee, you have
committee for the construction of an Institute of
to present a project.
basic education, just like with the road,
the neighbors offer labor in exchange The mayor has given you a form to fill out.
machinery and materials to build the filled and easier to deliver the
Basic education institute that can document that requests. Your job then is
to attend between 100 to 150 students in the create a document that responds to the
current affairs. The Ministry of Education through questions that appear later.
from the educational supervision of place have
offered to create an educational center
telesecundaria as long as the community Description of the problem.
provide the place. Utilizando uno o dos párrafos de texto describe la
3. In the case of the absence of values in the current situation of students and the problem
homes, this requires a broader process, what represents the lack of an Institute of
such as generating job opportunities basic education. You can add things that are not
so that the young people do not feel the they are in the community diagnosis that we read.
need to leave the place. However, Objetivo general.
attracting job sources to the community is
something that escapes the capacity of the This is quite easy, what the community wants
neighbors and more studies are required to it is the creation of an education institute
basic. This is the objective, but you must write it down
find solutions.
in a more professional manner. Use a
paragraph to explain what the community wants.

Page 11 of 12
Specific objectives. Work schedule.
The specific objectives are the steps we must take. Here you are required to use your creativity. Imagine a
to achieve the general objective. scenario where they start to build, something like that
If the community desires an education institute like a timeline. In the schedule
basic, respond using one or two lines the we place the main activities as well as the
following questions. time they start and finish.

Where will the Institute be located? For example, find the land and buy it or get it.
the first specific objective must be a donation can take, so to speak, a month
so finding the land to build, whole. This could be say January.
this may have a cost or maybe someone To make the plans, you can take between two to three.
I want to donate the space. months, this would be February, March, and April.
What is required before starting to The next six months can be dedicated to the
build? Obviously, aside from the plans construction as long as the municipality
will be required to build. It is not necessary compliance with the delivery of materials. May, June, July,
let us explain here the quantities of August, September and October.
materials but without mentioning the
Finally, the Ministry of Education must issue
need for plans and materials of
an agreement validating the institute.
construction. In the case of plans and
building materials the diagnosis The schedule must answer these questions.
inform that the municipality will take charge What will be done first?
of the same. When does it start and when does it end?
Who will provide the labor for Who is responsible?
the construction?
What is the tangible product that will result from
Who validates the studies of this action?
the students when the Institute starts We add our work to the task portfolio or to
is it working? the virtual one. This work cannot be done by hand,
It has to be done on a computer.

ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN JUL AGO SEPT OCT NOV DIC RESPONSABLE

Develop Work Project

Locate the land and deed it in favor of the
MINEDUC
Develop construction plans

Construction phase
Operating authorization

Page 12 of 12
 Natural Sciences IV
Material aligned with the National Base Curriculum

COMPETENCE WEEKS PAGES

3. Compare characteristics, structures and
processes that make up the levels of orga-
organization of life, to explain how it functions-
cionan, its importance, the causes of its
1-4 1-7
deterioration and its forms of conservation and
protection.
4. Relate the geological phenomena and
atmospheric phenomena that occur on the Planet, with
its causes, possible exploitation, potential
threat management, risk management and re- 5—6 8-10
disaster reduction, with cultural relevance
ral.
This material is distributed under license
5. Applies principles and laws that explain the Creative Commons 3.1, you can distribute it and
structure, conservation, transformation and copy it but do not modify it or sell it.
utilization of matter and energy
the transfer of energy, as well as 7-12 11–23
the phenomena related to mechanics
ca, electromagnetism, astronomy and physics
modern

Page 1 of 22
NATURAL SCIENCES 2BM-1BF
THE CELL
The cell is a structure made up of three
basic elements: plasma membrane, cytoplasm and
genetic material (DNA). It has the ability to perform
Competence 3
three vital functions: nutrition, relationship, and reproduction.
Compare characteristics, structures, and processes
The cell is the simplest known unit, it carries out
what constitutes the levels of organization of the
those three vital functions by themselves, that is, without
life, to explain how they work, their
need of other living beings.
importance, the causes of its deterioration and its
forms of conservation and protection. The living being, regardless of the structural complexity it possesses,
needs energy to live and develop each and every
ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS:
one of its vital functions. This energy,
3.1 Describe the structure of the cell
essential for the multiple activities of the
animal and plant, their functions, the
various organisms come from stored energy
regulation mechanisms and control of
in the chemical bonds of biomolecules that the
growth.
living beings possess (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, etc.).
3.2. Describe the levels of organization
of nature and biodiversity of its
region.

3.3. Describe the characteristics, functions

and processes that occur in the
ecosystems and interrelationships.

3.4. Take action for protection

of the environment and the proper use of the
natural resources in your community and
region.

Human cell

Page 2 of 22
The cell, the basic unit of the as a "cell wall"; the cell walls are
external to the plasma membrane and provide
life. additional protection; this is mainly found
All living organisms are made up of in plants and bacteria.
starting from cells, a cell is called 'the unit
basic of life". To explain the characteristics DNA is the abbreviation for acid
basics of a cell, scientists have deoxyribonucleic, a complex protein that is
developed a cell theory that establishes three finds in the nucleus of the cells and constitutes the
main things: principal constituent of the genetic material of the
All organisms are made up of living beings.
cells.
A cell is the smallest unit of a DNA contains the main instructions for
living organism that can perform the keep a cell alive. The genes of DNA is the
necessary functions for life. hereditary unit that is transferred from parents to children.
All cells are formed from other cells. Everything else inside the cell is called
cells. cytoplasm. It is made of a gelatinous base
called cytosol. There are also other substances that
Cell structure. they are found in the cytoplasm but vary depending
Although there are different classes of cells, all of the type of cells.
Cells have three main parts.
Plasma or membrane.
DNA
Cytoplasm.

The plasma or membrane, also called

cell membrane is the outer part of a
cell. Its main function is to separate and protect the Task 1
internal cellular structure of the environment
that surrounds him. This allows him to the
cell to have internal conditions that
They vary depending on the medium in which they move.

This cell membrane also has

very important work and you are the one of
allow only certain
substances enter or leave the
cell.

This process is called

selective permeability. For example,
nutrients must have the
ability to enter the cell to
that this may survive, those
unnecessary substances are
discarded or expelled.

In some cells, the plasma does not

it is necessarily the structure that
more stands out. Sometimes it appears

Page 3 of 22
Cell category. Fill it in with the missing information. The work is
There are two main categories of cells: you can present in physical format in the Portfolio of
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Tasks or in the virtual classroom.

Bacteria are quite organisms Element Function

simple, some composed solely of
DNA
a single prokaryotic cell. These are very
small and has no structure that gives it Nucleus
separate from its DNA and the cytosol. In fact, no
Membrane
they have membrane structural apart from the
plasma membrane. Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic cells are found in the
animals, plants, and fungi. These cells are
typically larger and more complex than the
prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic means
"true core". A core is the
structure of the cell's inner membrane
what is around the DNA. The cells
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, and that is why
meaning.

A eukaryotic cell has several structures

organelles called within the cytoplasm.
There are different classes of organelles and each
one specializes in a unique function. By
for example, the mitochondria is an organ that
What is genetics?
separate the nutrients to generate energy.
Another difference between eukaryotic cells and Traits are characteristics of living beings and that
Prokaryotes is that the DNA in eukaryotes is define our way of being. Among the main aspects-
linear. human beings we can mention hair color,
eye color or skin color.
The amazing world of the Genetics is the science that studies traits in the
cell! living beings. To the transmission of traits from parents to
Children are called inheritance.
Cells are capable of reproducing, this
the process is called mitosis and consists of
cell makes an exact copy of itself and
Genetic variation.
literally split into two cells, each one
containing the same genetic information. The traits that an organism inherits are determined
This makes growth and development possible. two from the very moment of conception or re-
of living beings. human production. There is more variation,
(differences) in any type of sexual reproduction
what that asexual call is and what occurs primarily
Task 2 mind in plants. In sexual reproduction, the
offspring or children are very similar to their parents but to the
Elaborate on a PowerPoint slide or
using a text page a box they have characteristics that make them very different
similar to that shown in the following test.
column.

Page 4 of 22
The species and the numbers of chromosomes chromosomes. Each chromosome can contain hundreds
more. of genes.
The number of chromosomes is the same as ge-
generation to generation within the same orga-
We are the same species. Each species is different.
Hereditary traits.
number of chromosomes. During fertilization, the male and the female co-
they each contribute with genetic information
Humans 46 chromosomes.
(traits) to fertilize the egg. Half of the in-
Locusts 100 chromosomes. genetic formation comes from the male and the other
Dogs have 48 chromosomes. half of the female. This genetic information is
transmits through the chromosomes.
Cats have 38 chromosomes.
Gregor Mendel conducted heredity experiments
Butterfly 8 chromosomes. streams using common plants that he found in his
In a cell, the chromosomes are organized in garden. Mendel crossed a huge amount of
pairs. plants and concluded that it was the traits that
they always appeared in each organism.
Mendel called the first generation "genera-"
father generation, to the offspring of that father generation
Gregory Mendel.
Mendel called them the first filial generation.
Most of the information traits that appeared in each of the genera
the genetics we have today actions were called "dominant traits" and
it is the result of the stu- those traits that disappeared were called
gods initiated by the monk recessive traits
Gregory Mendel in the middle
of the 19th century.

Because of that, he is called Genetic concepts.

the father of genetics. Homogeneous traits
Mendel knew nothing [Link] example
about the genes but the stems of a
imagined that certain fact- plant that is simi-
they were the ones responsible you are because the ras-
for the traits passed from parents to children. gods of both genes
they are the same.

The theory of genes and chromosomes. Rasgos heterogé[Link] este caso ambos
traits are not similar. For example a
This theory explains that chromosomes, a plant where a stem is greener and
found in the nucleus of the cell, they are to their long while the other is shorter and
are formed by small units called- pale.
the genes. Genes can carry infor-
hereditary information and are found in places Genotype. The genetic information is complex.
it gives of an organism.
specific to the chromosomes.
Phenotype. The external appearance of an or-
organism. For example, a tall organism
Alleles. it can have a pure or hybrid genotype of-
Alleles are pairs of genes that carry depending on the dominant trait present.
same information on traits and they are found
in the same places in the chromium pairs-

Page 5 of 22
Currently, we know that not everyone
traits are hereditary or independent of one another Tarea 3 ¿Qué es un ecosistema?
from the others. Scientists have discovered To carry out this task, it is necessary that you
that the traits that are located in the mis- you connect to the Internet at this address:
my chromosomes tend to be inherited in
[Link]
set. These traits are called 'traits'
SXuD5c
coupled
or buy a sheet to obtain
Although linked genes are usually
information about the ecosystem.
you inherited together, these can be separated
cross through a crossing. After reading the content, you must do
Your type of gender or sex, male or female a synthesis about the information. Attach one
boy, it was determined when your obol of image.
mother was fertilized by the sperm of your
father. Humans have a pair of cro-
molecules called sex chromosomes.
These are represented as an X and a Y.
The cells of the ovum only have cro-
type X chromosomes mien-
after the sperm
it can have chromoso-
more X or Y.

At the moment of fertilization or of the con-

human conception, two X chromosomes give rise to
to a person of the female sex and a
X chromosome joined to another Y chromosome gives
as a result the birth of a man.
In most living organisms it is the
the sperm that determines the sex or gender
of the offspring.

Y chromosomes are smaller than the

X chromosomes. Many genes found
the X chromosomes are not found in the
Y chromosomes. The genes of the X chromosome
that do not have equivalent genes in the cro-
Sexual genes are called aco-
they are flat and usually of the recessive type,
It means they disappear in a general-
tion.
There are two human diseases associated with
the recessive genes, in this case hemophilia
and color blindness. (The colorblind cannot
distinguish colors). These two disorders are
more common in men than in women.

Page 6 of 22
 Task 4: What are genetically modified organisms? copy and paste the text, you need to use your own
words.
Descripción
This task consists of conducting research on What is genetic engineering?
genetically modified crops. You should write an essay. What are genetically modified organisms?

about the topic using one or two pages of text. Benefits of genetically modified seeds.
Damage caused by transgenic crops
Resources: to the ecosystem and human beings.
Computer connected to the Internet.
Printing paper sheets As a conclusion of the essay write one or two
Two hours of time to do the work. paragraphs about:
Your personal opinion on genetically modified organisms.
Process:
Go to [Link] and search for information about the Your final work must contain the following:
transgenic crops. 1) Introduction. (One or two paragraphs that
they inform the reader what the work is about
Gather information from at least four or five sites, 2) Answers to the questions. You can put each
preferably from websites like Wikipedia; pregunta y luego su respectiva respuesta en
Greenpeace and Monsanto. Greenpeace opposes paragraph form.
openly to this type of crops, which is why we are interested 3) Conclusion. Your position for or against
know your point of view and Monsanto is the company that transgenics.
leads globally in the cultivation of them) Our
The essay will compare both points of view. 4) References:
Nombre del autor; nombre del artículo o sitio web y
Then, answer the following questions using two or email address of the places where you obtained the
three paragraphs for each one. Very important: You must not information. You must add at least 3 sources
bibliographic.

All the work should not take up more than two pages.
of text. It is uploaded to the virtual classroom or is
add to the Task Portfolio.

Page 7 of 22
Geological phenomena How is the Earth formed?
How earthquakes and tsunamis
and shapes the earth.
We have always been told that the earth is round.
INDICATORS OF In this lesson we will see that the earth is not
COMPETITION WEEK like a soccer ball, it is not a smooth balloon;
ACHIEVEMENT
4.1. Describe the even if we take a soccer ball and
we gently pass our hands we will give ourselves
geological phenomena that
observe on the surface tell that there are protrusions in those
land with the processes places where the thread used for sewing unites a
4. Relate the what happens inside piece with another. There are also protrusions in
phenomena from the Earth. those places where he has received more blows.
geological and
The earth is actually not like a ball of
atmospheric
4.2. Interpret features football or a balloon, it doesn't even resemble those
what happens in
geological of Guatemala terrestrial globes that appear on desks
the Planet, with and the region. of the teachers. These objects probably
its causes,
educational materials consist of more than one piece,
possible
4.3. Describe the climate in however, the earth itself is composed of many
exploitation
the Earth, starting from the pieces called tectonic plates.
or, potential of
evolution of the atmosphere Tectonic plates.
the threat and its relationship with the origin
management of Since we cannot 'tear apart' the earth to
of climate change
risk and to test the existence of tectonic plates, this
worldwide.
reduction of it is still a theory. A theory is a
disasters, with way of explaining something that we do not know.
relevance 4.4. Promotes actions of
risk management against Sometimes theories are true and other times
cultural. No. Sometimes theories are considered as
natural threats of
greater incidence in the true for a time and then something else is
community. discovered and it is proven that such theory does not
there was.
The theory of tectonic plates tells us that
these plates are continuously moving
and for the same reason they change. These plates also
they provoke certain phenomena when they arrive at
join together. For example, a plate
tectonics can slide beneath another
forming a sort of trench; also
there is a possibility that a plate collides with
one giving rise to the formation of mountains. The
the highest mountains in the world are those of the mountain
Himalayas, formed when the Indian plates and
Asians came together. Almost always a continent
it is made up of a single plate but there are also
exceptions.

Page 8 of 22
Fails. from the sea have the ability to generate what is
tsunami llamas, which are massive waves of water that
We said some time ago that sometimes you are
plates are placed one on top of the other or collide to form
they are formed when the energy of an earthquake is
transferred to seawater.
mountains, other times they will only stay there
footprints, as if kissing one another. Earthquakes transfer energy to the water of
sea and these waves can reach up to 100 feet of
height. Very few things or people can survive.
This has nothing peaceful about it, for example imagine a flood of this kind.
we grab one hand with the other and pull
hard, with all our might, until we succeed in letting go Guatemala is also a country with many threats
seismic, the most important faults that cross
the hand of the other and at that moment the hands
they violently push one away from the other due to the force our country is the Motagua fault, the fault of
Jalpatagua and the Mixco fault.
applied. Now imagine two huge plates
tectonic plates trying to free themselves from one another,
when it finally happens there is a huge amount
Task 5
of energy that has to go somewhere. To
we call these sudden releases of energy This task consists of visiting the municipality of the
earthquakes or tsunamis. city or municipality where we live. Consult in the
municipality What are the plans of
Earthquakes.
contingency plan in case of earthquakes and
You probably imagined I would mention California. also ask what is the closest fault that
it didn't make any sense a moment ago, the reason exists in that locality.
the reason we are talking about earthquakes is We prepared a half-page text report.
why California is famous for the constant danger that contains the following information:
of earthquakes, the most notable of all occurred in
the city of San Francisco in 1906 and that destroyed Name of the municipality.
completely the city. Date of your visit.
The San Andreas Fault is the most famous in the Description of the contingency plan in case
world, and it is because the earthquakes in this place are of earthquake.
very common. But don't worry, earthquakes Name of the nearest fault.
they happen daily but are so small or so weak A personal conclusion about what
that we do not feel it. you learned.
Even large earthquakes do not end up causing
great damage due to the constructions Some municipalities have this information
now they are anti-seismic; of course that is not on their websites, if this is the case of the
dismisses that at any moment and without it the municipality where you live then is not
let's hope an earthquake can manifest necessary to visit, but if it is necessary to note in your
large proportions. But still it is not in our page in addition to the required information the
hands and therefore it is of no use to grieve. email address from where you obtained the
information.
The work can be submitted in physical form.
Tsunamis. using the task portfolio or through
We would all be better off if this series of earthquakes virtual classroom. If you live outside of Guatemala then
it would only happen underwater. After all the work can be done with information from the place
they would occur in the sea and far from the land where you now live or you can write to your tutor
inhabited. Don't be so sure. The earthquakes inside to guide you in a better way.

Page 9 of 22
Task 6 Climate Changes of methane gas.
It is the least effective of the gases of
To carry out this task, it is necessary for you to connect. greenhouse
the Internet at this address: It has not increased that much since the
[Link] industrial revolution
o/awareness_and_education/the_hour_of_the_plan
net/what_is_climate_change_and_how_it_affects_us This gas has increased by 151% since
_affects/ thousands of years ago.
Ozone.
“Cambios climáticos” Después de leer todo el Methane gas.
make a list to help Water vapor.
Gas with fluorine.

Which of the following statements is false?

in relation to ozone? Task 7: Research work.
It is harmful in any amount in the In the lower box of the same page appear
atmosphere. various events related to climate change
It can cause health problems to beings each title takes us to a page where it explains
humans if it descends too much in the What such event consists of. We must fill out the
atmosphere. bottom frame with the missing information.
It protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays.
If you wish, you can add information from others.
emitted by the sun.
sources as long as you cite them.
Any gas that contains fluorine destroys it.
like those in some aerosols. The work is presented on a single page of text
in printed format or PDF if you deliver it to the classroom
Which of the following statements is virtual.
true in relation to carbon dioxide?
It is the most powerful greenhouse gas.
Has not gone over 300,000 U per million in In what What are the How do
consists of the damages that can
the last 800,000 years.
event? they provoke to avoid the
It has increased by a similar amount to
ecosystem? my place
throughout the periods of history. impact?
It is the most abundant greenhouse gas.
Flood
All of the following is true about the Hurricane
greenhouse gases, Earthquake
excepting:____________
Tsunami
Global temperatures are increasing.
Mainly caused by activities Storm
natural. of hail
Increase the severity of storms or the Drought
climate.
Fire
Sea level rises. forest

Which of the following statements is Phenomenon

of the child
true in relation to nitrogen oxide?
It has a harmful impact 300 times greater than the
carbon dioxide.
It has a harmful impact 300 times greater than the

Page 10 of 22
NATURAL SCIENCES

Competence 5
Applies principles and laws that explain the
structure, conservation, transformation and
utilization of matter and energy, the
transfer of energy, as well as of the
phenomena related to mechanics,
electromagnetism, astronomy and modern physics.

ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS:
5.1. Use basic related concepts
con la estructura del átomo y los modelos
that they explain it, with the formation of the
chemical substances and their nomenclature.
5.2. Solve problems that involve
measurement and conversion of units,
basic arithmetic operations
magnitudes and variable isolation.
5.3. Applies the physical principles and criteria
necessary in the description of the movement
and the resolution of problems that it
include, starting from situations of
environment.
5.4. Applies concepts related to the
energy, the principles of conservation
transformation and its forms of
transfer, based on problems and
situations of the environment.

Page 11 of 22
Communication and Language

Material aligned with the National Base Curriculum

COMPETITION Achievement Indicators WEEK

4.1. Write coherent paragraphs and
intertwined, based on an idea
4. Write texts in which principal and link clauses.
they are present the
4.2 Apply literal spelling rules,
adaptation, coherence and
punctual and accentual, typical of Spanish.
cohesion, according to the
different intentions 4.3 Apply linguistic analysis
communicative and according to the based on social characteristics
language rules. and cultural of the various variants of
your mother tongue and other languages
from the country.

5. Applies in its communication5.1 Applies basic concepts and notions

oral and written, concepts of coming from different schools of
phonetic order grammatical analysis.
morphological, syntactic and 5.2 Communicates ideas, feelings and
semantic that reflects emotions using vocabulary
knowledge of the broad and suitable in different
functioning of your language contexts.
maternal. 5.3 Use the regulation [sic] for This material is distributed
correct and polish your texts. under Creative Commons license
6.1 Organizes information from various 3.1, you can distribute it and copy it
but not to modify it or sell it.
6. Prepare texts, graphics and texts to present it in forums,
other resources for presentation debates, round tables, among others.
information in forums, debates 6.2 Present your presentation with the help of
and other forms of discussion andaudiovisual resources, applying their
information analysis. knowledge about oral expression and
writing.

Page 1 of 18
 Task 1 What kind of text is it?
De los ejemplos a continuación, elige la clase de
Text analysis text that is.
So far we have been Platero is small, furry, smooth; so soft for
reviewing the text classes, without out, which would be all made of cotton, which doesn't carry
embargo, the majority of these bones. Only the jet mirrors of their eyes
it will never tell us the beginning they are hard like two black glass beetles.
intention or purpose of the writer.
There are some small rules that can help us to ["Expository","Narrative","Argumentative","Descriptive"]
determine the author's intention of the text that
Let's be reading. *******************************
Tobacco is composed of nicotine, therefore
Is this text a novel, a story or a
causes addiction, being a dangerous drug that
poem? If the answer is yes, with all
tends to destroy the body. Currently
security the author's purpose is
many are the people who smoke, affecting
entertaining us, it is a narrative text.
steps to people who become smokers
Does the text provide a series of data and facts, vulnerable groups, including children, pregnant women and
But isn't it trying to convince me to do something? Elderly. Tobacco can kill people,
If the answer is yes, it is certainly a let's avoid this and prohibit us from smoking in places
expository text whose intention is public.
to inform us of something.

The text provides a series of steps to

["Expository","Narrative","Argumentative","Descriptive"]
complete a specific task? The text
Does it offer proof of what it claims? Am I being *******************************
pushing to do something? If the answer is yes Video games are increasingly having
to any of these questions, the text that importance in society, thanks to the
we are reading argumentative innovation of each of its games, every day
persuasive. He wants to instruct us or he wants us to we are surprised with new present surprises
let's do something.
in them. They are games intended for people of
Does the text provide sensory details that us all ages, providing them with entertainment and
allow to form a mental image of the innovation and therefore have a great
person or thing? If the answer is affirmative importance in society.
so we are faced with a descriptive text.
There are many other types of text and the list varies from Expositivo -Narrativo -Argumentativo -Descriptivo
according to the authors but these are the most
*******************************
important.

Page 2 of 18
Who would win a fight between a tiger and a nutrition, is the disease known as
lion? diabetes. It is a disease that affects
to millions of people around the world. And it
worse is that up until now, it has not been possible
find a cure for this evil.
["Expository","Narrative","Argumentative","Descriptive"]
If size mattered, the tiger would surely
would win. This is because tigers are the most *******************************
greatest of all feline species. They grow The use of the Internet among adolescents.
up to 11 feet long and weigh as much as 670
The loss of an active social life is one of the
libras. This makes tigers the third.
most harmful consequences for adolescents
largest carnivores on earth. The others
who spend a lot of time in front of the computer;
the polar bear and the brown bears that live in
without forgetting the danger they face by being prey to
the mountains. Tigers are not only long,
criminals who impersonate others
they are also very fast. They can run at a
parents. We have a great
speed of 60 km/h in short distances and jumping
responsibility to control the time that
about 30 feet horizontally. It's a very jump
our children are connected and the sites that
dangerous. Would you believe that such a long animal,
they visit.
fast and fierce needs help to survive, but
if they need it. The tiger is an endangered species of ["Expository","Narrative","Argumentative","Descriptive"]
extinction. *******************************
["Expository","Narrative","Argumentative","Descriptive"] Platanus hybrida (Plane tree)
******************************* Large tree, up to 40 m, with a straight trunk,
Diabetes and the importance of a healthy diet. gray-green bark that appears torn
in plates. The cup is oval, with extended branches.
Many people believe that the word diet implies
The leaves are deciduous, palmate, with three
eat less and only those foods that do not us
very prominent nerves.
gustan. Se trata de un prejuicio que impera en gran
part of society. The flowers are presented in spherical aments and the
fruits, in Cabezuela are also spherical. Each
However, diet really means the way
one of the fruits has hairs at the base. The
in what a person eats.
banana is widely cultivated in streets and parks,
Some have a healthy diet, while others do not. being very common in all cities since
so much. Who doesn't like to eat everything that supports the contaminated environment.
want, without having to worry about knowing how many
["Expository","Narrative","Argumentative","Descriptive"]
How many calories does a certain food have?
*******************************
However, if we abuse with a poor diet
nutritive, the results for our health can
are serious. One of the consequences of a bad

Page 3 of 18
 The city of Alexandria was The 4 stages of writing
founded by Alexander the Great
The biggest secret to writing is that there isn't one.
in the year 331 B.C. Quintus
secrets! Really, the only thing we can do
Curcio Rufo, historian to write correctly
Roman who lived during the It's starting to write.
reign of Claudio, four No one ever learned to
centuries later, he noted in his "History of Alexander" draft without writing a before
that the foundation took place immediately a lot of things that he/she/it doesn't

after the hero's visit to the sanctuary of the god they liked, until he
Egyptian Ammon "the hidden", where the priest is The ideas started to flow.
he referred to Alejandro as 'son of Jupiter'. People who write well have some habits.
good
["Expository","Narrative","Argumentative","Descriptive"]
Read a lot
*******************************
They use the dictionary
Silvia Valdez is sworn in as president of
They discuss with the authors of the books that
Judicial Body. Judge Valdés takes on the
consultant
position and becomes the 59th president of
that high body of the State and replaces Rafael
Rojas. How so? Discuss?
["Expository","Narrative","Argumentative","Descriptive"]
Of course! Discussing with an author of a book is reading it from
a critical way, without accepting everything as true
******************************* what it says but to compare it with other sources to
draw our own conclusions.
When he woke up, the dinosaur was still there.
Expositivo -Narrativo -Argumentativo -Descriptivo
Planning and information search
Our teacher has asked us to write a
report on plants or vegetables that
we usually eat for breakfast.

Stages of writing

Page 4 of 18
First, think of a big market where there are
all kinds of vegetables that are eaten. Immediately,
let's think about which vegetables are those that Task 2 Exercises
we eat or drink at breakfast. (bean, corn,
café)
of writing
Investigating over there, we will see that there are plants.
legumes, vegetables, greens, fruits Facts or opinions
etc. Umberto Eco, a great Italian writer
A fact is something that can
It advises that we first make a provisional index.
check yourself, be affirmative
about what we want to write, later it can be
negative. An opinion
modify.
expresses mainly the way someone
Provisional index: feel something.
Edible plants (General topic) If we say, the football match was interesting.
We are expressing the point of view of the one who it
What are legumes, fruits, vegetables and
vow, in this case of a single person but not
vegetables? (To clarify possible doubts about
we know if the other 30,000 people who were
our readers In the stadium, they feel the same.
What vegetables do we eat for breakfast? If we say, our team lost three goals to
(Delimit the report) zero. This is a fact because it is a piece of information that

You can search the internet but always it can be verified by looking at the results
discussing with the authors only because it is in end of the football match. The check
The internet is not necessarily good or true. it can be affirmative or positive.
You can also get good books or go to
some library. Read the following statements and decide if it is a fact.
your opinion. Write a capital H or O at
Write. side of each statement.
We have planned the topic and created an index.
provisional, we already have several ideas that emerged from the
Our tickets cost Q52.
"bug", we have researched something on the internet.
It was money well spent.
other sources; now we only have the hardest part left! The goalkeeper played like never before.
Let's start writing.. Ronaldo scored three goals.
The goalkeeper stopped a goal shot at the last moment.
After an initial struggle with our mind we
we start writing and you can notice how easy it is minute.
The last goal was in the 90th minute.
since you have started.
The referee called a penalty.
Correct The referee was very bad.
A draft is a 'rough' writing that is not yet finished.
We couldn't see well from our armchair.
And they are going to make a corner kick when
it is not finished, it is called a draft because
the match is over.
Usually someone else has to read and correct it.
The people were not happy.
When this person has corrected him and the author
The opposing team was the worst of all.
make the arrangements turns into a text
Margarita is very happy.
finished.
Margarita is wearing a red dress.
A text is never finished, says Juan Carlos Asinsten. This computer is very ugly.
It abandons! And it's very true. If you don't stop
you will never finish the text.

Page 5 of 18
Task 3 Cause and effect Task 4 Writing based on
images.
Many times we do one thing and that causes another.
This is called cause and effect. Read the following Observe the following images and write half.
sentences and determine which is the cause and which is the text page describing what happens in
effect. them. You can make up facts, data, causes and
effects to bring your story to life.

My teeth trembled when I ate mango.

In this sentence, the effect is that they have been tempered.
(a) Four years ago..
teeth and the cause of eating mango.
Describe what you were doing four years ago, in
Where were you? What were you doing? Who were you with?
My forehead hurt from eating too much ice cream.
What were you doing? Were you happy?
We brought a cake to Ana because it was her
birthday.
Tomás was very sleepy because he has
sleepless all week.
Josefina was very hungry, that’s why her
mom made a sandwich.
Kevin went to the dentist because he had a pain in
the teeth.
Juana did not eat her breakfast and arrived
hungry at school. Remember that stories have Situation
The soccer game was canceled due to the (description of things as they were)
rain. before..); Knot (the problem that changed the
situation) and Outcome (How did it end or what happened?
Carlos was not feeling well, that's why he didn't go to the
school. Did you resolve the knot or problem? Minimum half.
page.
The house was dirty, that's why I started to
to sweep.
The boy doesn't like cereals, that's why (b) What is happening to this young man? Invent a short story.
always asks for something else.
story about the image. Minimum half a page
Tomás forgot his book and that's why he couldn't do it.
of text.
your homework.

Elena was hungry because she didn't eat.

Eric's car broke down, that's why he had to
to call a crane.
Regina didn't find the cookies because
Rodrigo hid them.
Maria studied a lot and that's why she got 100.
points.

Page 6 of 18
(c) Invent a story based on the following Task 5 Persuasive Writing.
image.
When writing persuasively, we are
wanting to convince the readers of our
particular point of view. To achieve this we appeal
to values or beliefs that we share with
our readers, in data or facts that can
check oneself or in emotions.

The order of a persuasive essay is the

next:
Central situation or idea.
Our position in favor or against.
Reason (Value, Data or Emotion)

(d) Create a story based on the following

image. Based on this format, create three.
persuasive texts on the following topics:

No child should have access to

Facebook is for those under 13 years old.
age.
(b) It is inhumane to keep animals in
captivity in zoos.
Cell phones should be banned in
the schools.

Each exercise must have at least half.

text page. On the next page
(e) Create a story from the following we show a diagram that might help you for
image.
organize each text.

Page 7 of 18
Use this diagram to organize your text.

Page 8 of 18
 the program declines.
The work has to be timed: my laughter,
good-natured or crazy, she can't explode too much
neither too soon nor too late, but at the
opportune moment.
Then I burst out laughing, according to this-
as planned, and the whole audience gets excited with me,
with what is left to save the pothole. The whole mun-
I will understand that, after work or sleep-
During the holidays, I have little tendency to laugh.
me.
The one who milks cows feels happy when they
THE LAUGHER loses sight, and the bricklayer wishes to forget the death-
Carpenters usually have doors in their house.
When they ask me about my profession, I get shy. that do not work or drawers that only open with
ten: I blush, I stammer, I, of whom everything great difficulty; the bullfighters are accustomed to having
The world usually says that I am a self-assured man. affection for pigeons and they pale when to their
same. children have nosebleeds. I understand but
I envy the people who can say: "I am a bricklayer." perfectly, because on days off I do not
I envy the hairdressers, accountants, and writers. I never laugh. I am a mortally serious man and
simplicity of their statements, because all of those people consider me - perhaps with reason - a pe-
Trades explain themselves and do not require lengthy explanations. simi
clarifications. At the beginning of our marriage, my wife would tell me sometimes
On the other hand, I am obligated to respond to those pre- ces: "Laugh a little!"; but over the years it has
saying: 'I am a laugher'. Such a declaration I realize that I can't please her.
tion demands others, since to the second question of "And in that desire.
Do you live off that?", I have to answer "Yes", taking into account-
I feel happy when I can unwind the tiredness.
to me the truth. I live, indeed, from my laughter, and of the muscles of my face, or to rest deeply
I live well, because my laughter is - in commercial terms -
seriously my agitated spirit. It even makes me
it is very profitable. nervous that others laugh, because they remind me
To avoid embarrassing explanations, I qualified myself. to excessively my trade.
for a long time as an actor; but I like the Thus, we lead a quiet and peaceful life,
truth, and the truth is that I am a laugher. I am not... because my wife has also forgotten to laugh;
I am not a comedic actor, I do not try to make people happy. once in a while, I discover a faint smile on her face and
but I display joy: I laugh like an emperor so I smile too. Those who do not know me-
as a sensitive high school student They believe me reserved. Perhaps I am, because
to; the laughter of the seventeenth century is as familiar to me as the
too often I have to open my mouth
from the 19th century and, if there is no other remedy, I review
to laugh.
with my laughter to all the centuries, to all the classes so-
and at all ages. HEINRICH BÖLL La aventura y otros relatos
(Adaptation)
Needless to say, this job is tiring, above all
all because I master contagious laughter; so I
I have made it essential for third-year comedians. This material is located on the IES—PUGA site
and fourth order that, rightly, they fear for their mo- RAMÓN, Malaga, Spain and is used with due
culminating mentos and they have me, almost every no- permission.
dude, in the variety venues, like a kind of
subtle clap, to laugh in a contagious way as- [Link]

Page 9 of 18
Task6
After reading the previous text, answer.
The following material has been prepared by the
What does the job of a reidor consist of?
Professor Vicente Llop, from Spain, and it is used with the
What was this jester's specialty? due to permission from its author.

Select the correct answer. Parts of the sentence

Why the mayor did not usually laugh in his The sentence is the smallest unit of meaning that has a
house?
complete sense. The main element of the sentence is the
Because he did not get along well with his wife and did not
verb.
I wanted to please her.
Without the verb, there can be no sentence, and there can be a sentence
Because he didn't like his own laugh.
by only stating a verb. The sentence ends in pause or in
Because laughter was his job and he needed it
point, that is to say, it has a closed intonation.
go to rest.
What proverb can be applied to the seriousness of the ruler? The students are studying the grammar lessons.
outside of work?
Shut up.
Not all the mountain is oregano.
In addition to the verb, the sentence is composed of a subject and an object.
In the blacksmith's house, a wooden knife.
predicate.
Who loves you well will make you cry.
The subject
The subject of a sentence corresponds to the person, animal, or
Fill in the blanks with the word the thing that performs the action of the verb.
what corresponds: Juan speaks. In this example, the subject is Juan, because
To have. to attend to keep to stop it is the one who speaks, that is, the one who performs the action of

contener abstener entretener speak.

to hold To identify the subject of a sentence, we will ask
Who? or Who are? to the verb of the sentence. The answer
what we obtain will be the subject.
My grandmother _____ to the advice of her doctor. She
_______ from taking harmful substances, such as al- The girls dance very well. To identify the subject.
I will ask the following question: Who dances very well?
alcohol or tobacco, and it ________ in shape by
Response, and therefore subject: the girls.
exercise. In the mornings, he takes long walks.

Many times, when making a statement we do not express the

If you find someone you know, you ________, greet them.
subject, either because we understand it implicitly, or because it
I had an animated conversation with him. It deals with a sentence with an impersonal verb and therefore not
They are also __________reading the newspaper in the It has a subject. When this occurs, we say that there is a subject.
park next to a pond with fish. omitted.
Thus, the omitted subject is one that does not appear explicitly.
the expressed in the sentence. The omitted subject is called
also grammatical subject.

Page 10 of 18
They called me on the phone. place.
He slipped at the entrance. The physics teacher passed the students.
greet warmly
I want the best for my dear children.
Task 7
Matilde is in Miami.
A) Identify the subject of these sentences.
Gloria is tall and thin
The girl has a slight cough.
Está bastante enfermo
Ramón plunges into cold water.
Carlos is no longer a child.
Simple sentences
Doña Rosa wakes up quite early.
Simple sentences are those that only have one verb.
He buys the flour from the wheat merchants. personal form, and therefore, a subject and a predicate.
He/She won the trophy for the school last year. The market vendors are very friendly.
The physics professor passed the students The little birds sing very well in spring.
They greet each other warmly.
These two sentences are simple, as they only have one verb.
I want the best for my dear children.
Matilde is in Miami.
Tarea9
Gloria is tall and thin.
He is quite sick Identifica sujeto, verbo y predicado de las
following sentences. (The subject does not necessarily
It is at the beginning)
The predicate
1. Marisol sang many songs in Valladolid.
The predicate of a sentence is everything that is said. 2. In the garden, the little birds provide a lot of food to
of the subject. We could say that everything that is not their chicks.
Subject is the predicate. The verb is the element. 3. This week, the seventh-grade students will do a
principal of the predicate, and according to the nature of the
very easy language control.
verb, we will have the predicate class.
4. The girl has a little cough in the mornings.
Luis caught a huge trout in the river. light
Everything that is said about Luis, who is the subject, is the 5. Mr. Ramón is no longer a child.
predicate. 6. Doña Rosa gets up quite early.
7. The baker buys the flour from the merchants of
Task 8 wheat.
Indicate what the predicates of the sentences are. 8. Last Sunday, in Cuenca, we forgot about the
next. tools.
9. Cristina won the trophy for the school.
The boats leave tomorrow from the port.
10. The physics teacher passed all the students except for a few.
Luisa was convinced she would win. cualificados.
That majestic figure is a Gothic cathedral.
They always sing the same songs in this

Page 11 of 18
Task 10: Indicate which sentences Types of sentences
are simple (a verb) and which Declarative: They express what has happened, is happening, and will happen. If
composite. (More than one verb) what they state is affirmative, they will be called affirmative statements
 Tomorrow we will go to the movies.
If they state something that is denied, they will be declarative.
 The beach was full of people negatives.
 The astronauts arrived on the moon, but not My parents will come today.
descended My parents will not come today.
 I speak so that you listen to me
 The sun is quite harmful to the skin Interrogatives: These are the ones that ask, that is, they are the
 On Tuesday, those you know will come. that require an answer. If the question is between signs
 The elderly man you see on the other corner us of interrogation, they are called direct interrogatives. If the pre-
know Asking if the formula without question marks is called inte-
 Every year you say the same thing indirect requests.
Did you bring the bread?
 I do not wish to see you or hear you
I ask you if you brought the bread.
 Thanks to María, we knew that you were in
house
Imperative or exhortative: They express order or command.
 Bicycles are for the summer
They also express a plea. When this happens, they are called
 Pedro
 Luis encouraged the boxers as if exhortative.
he was a lion Sit there.
  husband of the one who is singing does not draw.
The I urge you to sit down.
very good
 We
 will all go where there is a good Exclamatory: They express emotion, surprise, joy, irony.
restaurant etc. Example:
 The
 terrorists beat up the one who betrayed them. It has been a beautiful goal!
 Those
 of us from the other neighborhood do not. Get out!
we understand that from there

 Miguel
 hugged Conchita on the day of her Doubtful: They express a doubt. The verb of these sentences...
birthday is presented in the subjunctive mood.
 I  will sell the motorcycle and you could sell yours. It might rain
It is possible that I approve.
car.
 The
 book that is on the table is the
mine Desiderative: The speaker expresses a desire. The verb of

The scissors that cut well have These sentences are presented in subjunctive mode.
I hope the president will receive me.
lost
It  is cloudy, however I don't think that
A) Identify the following sentences according to their meaning
it rains Claudia has bought a cake

When I took my First Communion I thought Bring that ball here!
that he was already older
Has Manolo called you?
If we study this summer, we are sure that What nice weather!
we will approve Ángeles has not come to my house
How nice it is at the beach!
Have you seen this book?
Pepe, come here immediately!

Page 12 of 18
Nouns speakers.
They are examples of lexemes:
Nouns are varied words baker: bread-
bles (they have gender and number and can have screwdriver: screw-
derivational morphemes) that name the per-
MORPHEME: unit with grammatical meaning, that is,
sonas (Anastasia Eugenio, María José), to the
complement the lexeme in gender, number, augmentative,
animals (parrot, cat, lion), to the things (chair,
diminutive and other endings.
phone, shirt) and to ideas (hope, faith, They are examples of morphemes:
charity, freedom. little house
to uncover
Classes of nouns unbearable

Primitives: This is a noun that does not pro- A good system for decomposing into lexemes and morphemes
cede of another noun in Spanish. A word is to compare it with others from the same family.
Usually, the part that repeats is the lexeme.
Derivatives: It is a noun that has been
Observe:
formed from another noun. {"library":"book","bookshelf":"small book","lexeme":"book-"}
deshacer: hacer, deshacía, haces. Lexema: hac-
Car Little car

Blackboard Pizarra—on
Lake Large—gaze Common or proper nouns
Folder Carpet Common: They name any being or object of a
same class.

Simple or compound nouns Proper: They name a being or an object, distinguishing

pain of other beings of its same class.
Simple: The noun is formed by a lexe-
ma. Proper nouns are always written with uppercase letters.
at the beginning of a word.
Compounds: The noun is formed by two or
more lexemes. COMMONS PROPRIETARY
Footballer Maradona
Compound nouns can be formed Child Juan
by the union of: City Guatemala
River Motagua
two nouns: ball + basket = BASKETBALL.
tooth extraction Individual and collective nouns
SACAMUELAS.
Individuals: They are those that name in singular to
one single being.

What are a lexeme and a morpheme? Collectives: They are those that name in singular to
Words can be decomposed into other uni- a group of beings.
smaller units that have meaning: lexeme- Tree Grove
more and morphemes. Student Student body
LEXEME: unit with lexical meaning, that is, Sheep Herd
provide the word with a comprehensible idea for the Rosal Rose garden

Page 13 of 18
Task11 The verb
The verb is the part of the sentence that expresses ESSENCE, PA-
Indicate what kind of noun each one is
SION, STATE OR ACTION of a subject.
the following:
The verb generally places the subject in a time.
(present, past or future) and has three grammatical persons.
lápiz, libertad, Francia, chiquillo, amor, luz, hojita,
to indicate who performs the action (1st, 2nd or 3rd person of
mueble, caridad, reloj, amistad, canción, Pirineos,
singular or plural
Tajo, libreta, sopita, horario, Remigio, Calatayud,
enchufe, papel, ilusión, compromiso, tristeza,
BAILO.- it indicates to us that I perform the action of DANCE in a
pandilla, enfermedad, López, diccionario, esclavi-
momento presente.
tud, pared, hinchazón, pastorcito, cuadro, golazo,
BAILABAN.- it indicates to us that they are (3rd person plural)
clothing, cable, Croatia, woman.
who perform the action in a past tense and that action,
it is not finished.
A) Write the feminine of the following nouns.
nouns:
["man","bull","priest","baron","poet","son-in-law","cab"] The grammatical accidents of the verb
["duke","marquis","doctor","father","king"] The verb is the part of the sentence that has the most variations pre-
setting to express its accidents: time, manner, number,
person, voice, and appearance. Almost all of these accidents are
The adjectives indicated by the verbal morphemes, which can present-
The qualifying adjectives that name qualities- it is done in two ways:
of states referred to a noun
(wet paper) A verb can be presented in ACTIVE VOICE or PASSIVE VOICE.
They also indicate origin or provenance (they are called ACTIVE VOICE The subject performs the action. E.g. I GIVE
but then, demonyms). (dogburgues.) a conference
They always follow behind the name and distinguish it.
PASSIVE VOICE: The subject does not perform the action, but rather
this is from the group to which it belongs
receive. For example, a conference IS GIVEN by me
A black car.
(That is, of all the cars, the black one.) The verbal MOOD denotes the speaker's attitude towards
to what it says. There are three moods in Spanish:
Task: Identify the adjectives.
The big house belongs to my aunt Eulalia. INDICATIVE: States the fact in a real and objective manner
The hard marble is used to adorn facades Pedro studies medicine at the Faculty of Valencia.
Marisa is somewhat careless.
The blue lake is big SUBJUNCTIVE: Expresses desire, fear, willingness, assumption,
The yellow bicycle runs faster than yours. etc.
The girl is taller than her brother. I want you to COME;
The husband is as intelligent as his wife. I fear that it will rain.
The dog is less hairy than the bear.
The son is very well-mannered.
IMPERATIVE: It is used to issue commands, express a
The brother eagerly waited for them. I request, to make a request or give advice
She bought a new necklace. Come at twelve;
Juan is sad. Love your neighbor
The washers sang cheerfully in the river.

Page 14 of 18
The verb tenses Distinguish between active and passive sentences in the following.
The TIME indicates that the action takes place in a list:
present moment, past (or preterite) or
FUTURE. The room is bright.
There are simple tenses (formed by a single The door was opened by the butler.
word) I speak, they sing; My uncle was a captain in the thirties.
and compound tenses (formed by two or more) My uncle was promoted in the 1940s.
I have spoken, I had sung. Quevedo wrote The Dreams.
Composite forms are constructed with the for- The encyclopedia was published in Buenos Aires.
the verb HABER plus the participle of the form The youngest team won the match.
that is conjugated. The kidnappers were discovered by the police.

Task 12
Complete the sentences:
Complete the following sentences with pre-verbs. The car was crushed.
indicators that express state, action, or passion: Roberto is annoying.
My friend's cousin is from Burgos.
The fish _________________ in the water The fields _____________ enormous
The men ______________ very hard in the My feet _______________ two rowing boats.
mine. Carmina _____________ a very good girl.
My older cousins _____________ in Málaga. Carlos is very yellow.
Roberto ____________ to Gloria. ________ sick
The athletes ___________ a lot. The bicycle was stolen.

Indicate the tense of the following sentences

Present, past, future The adverbs
Adverbs are words without variation in gender, number,
 My father was in Jamaica yesterday.
person or time, which express well circumstances of place,
 Our cousin hasn't told us anything.
of time, of manner or of quantity; or they express negation,
 Those rosebushes will bloom in the spring. affirmation or doubt.
 This beautiful building was built by
that architect.
Place: here, there, over there, over yonder, there, up, down, near,
 The cyclone uprooted those trees. ["far","in front","behind","on top","under","in front of","back"]
 He/She has not slept all night.
etc...
 She is sick.
Tiempo: ahora, mañana, hoy, después, pronto, tarde,
 The grandfather will have made a lot of money in
always, before, never, ever, last night while, etc...
America.
Modo: bien, mal, regular, así, como, despacio, deprisa
 Ella jamás perdió la vitalidad y el optimis-
etc...
mo.
Cantidad: mucho, poco, demasiado, bastante, más, me-
 This old rock beautifies the landscape. us, something, almost, only, everything, nothing, approximately etc...
 My aunt has white hair
Affirmation: yes, also, certainly, effectively,
certainly, indeed, without a doubt, truly, etc...

Negation: no, never, ever, neither.

doubt: perhaps, maybe, possibly, probably, maybe, etc.

Page 15 of 18
Indicate what kind of adverb it is:

Here.- of place
more_________ quickly
only certainly
perhaps___________ while________
after____________ too much_________
almost Personal pronouns
in front_______ no_________________ Personal pronouns are the words with which they name-
we address grammatical persons without using a noun
C) Form adverbs from the following They are called pronouns because they replace or are equivalent to
adjectives: a name.
HE sings, HE refers to a person (Pedro, Juan, etc.)
sweet.- sweetly
happy. of course sagacious
Task14
rare previous smooth
fool deliberate educated Point out the personal pronouns in the following sentences.
true beautiful that you find.
You, him, and I will make a great deal.
Task13 Will you come with me?
We have bought your harvest.
Invent a phrase or sentence with each of these. He sold it to us at a good price.
adverbs: You only saw four.
You have many friends, but he has none.
above.
never. Indicate the incorrect forms of personal pronouns
timidly. that I find in the following sentences:
too much. He brought her a bouquet of flowers.
indeed. I saw him (the friend) in the park
neither. I explained everything clearly.
The toy is very cheap.
Indicate which words the adverbs complement I bought it at the market.
underlined: We greet you in the theater.

The cars were going very slowly Read the text carefully and point out all the pronouns.
He/She replied to me politely sounds that you find.
My brothers were not very studious. When we woke up, he was in front of all of us.
That was truly beautiful. tros. She, on the contrary, had gone to make them the des
We ate a lot We meet there yuno, since they were all going to have breakfast that morning
together.
You will get dressed immediately and come with us.
"\"\" - he said almost without flinching.
We, despite the fear that overwhelmed us, replied to him.
with indifference.

Page 16 of 18
 Our report must contain the following.

Introduction.
One or two paragraphs that explain to the reader about
what the work is about and the central idea of what
let's say.

Body of the text.

This will be the most extensive part of our work.
We will use at least two paragraphs from
text of three or four lines each to make
a summary of what each of the studies says
God. It means that if we choose three documents-
We will have six summary paragraphs; if you choose-
Then we will have 10 documents.
summary paragraphs.

Conclusion.
In this section, we will include at least a
paragraph that explains our point of view about
the case of each of the readings. Again, if
we select three documents, we are going to place
three paragraphs or conclusions and if we select
we will do the same.
The conclusion explains our opinion on the
reading. We can be in favor or against
findings in the documents we read.

References.
On this Google page, if we click on the
link "cite" located at the bottom
After the result, a new window will open.
tana from where we can copy the quote for the
document that we are working on.

This work has a score of 20 points effective-

you for what very important pay special attention
attention to it. If you have any questions or
Ask the tutors of the Institute are at your disposal.
denes. This work can also be done in
any of the Institute's locations throughout
country. The entire report should not exceed three
pages or less than two.

Page 17 of 18
 Type of document

Generate reference

Tasks15
The following tasks are five exercises of com-
reading comprehension. It consists of finding five readings
different and then a separate sheet you must make a
questionnaire for each reading you did.

With this, we conclude the Spanish language course of

fourth semester of basic education for maturity.

Page 18 of 18
 Mathematics IV

COMPETENCE Achievement Indicator WEEK Note: For practical reasons, this material has been
3.1 Use efficiently divided into two semesters, most of
3. Use the competencies of the CNB have been developed in the
the different types of
different types of first semester, leaving this semester for a
operations in the
operations in the introduction to trigonometry.
set of numbers
set of numbers
real, applying their The measures of central tendency were
real, applying their
properties and verifying developed in the second semester of basics
properties and for maturity.
that their results are
obtaining
correct.
correct results.
4. Make judgments
referring to
questions that one has
4.1 Analysis sets of
proposed searching,
data applying measures
representing and
of central tendency,
interpreting
position and dispersion.
information from
different sources.

5. Apply methods of
reasoning
5.1 Proposes
the language and the
modifications in the
symbolism
mejoramiento de
mathematics in the
resolution strategies
interpretation of
of problems This work is under a Creative License
situations of your Attribution-NonCommercial
environment. Share alike 4.0 International.

Page 1 of 27
UNIT 07 1.3 Applies trigonometry to problem-solving.

Competition:
1. Generate arithmetic, algebraic, and geometric patterns,
applying properties and relationships.

Achievement indicators:
1.2 Solve problems involving measurement calculations and
application of properties of plane figures and solid bodies.

TASK 1 Each point on the graph is identified by a pair.

- Descripción - ordered pairs of numbers (x, y). The first number in the pair
In this task we are going to cover the lesson on Graphs The first is called coordinate x (or abscissa), and the second
The number is called the y coordinate (or ordinate). The order of
Coordinates. At the end of the Mathematics course
the coordinates are very important. The x coordinate is
we will find all the corresponding exercises for the
always given by the first value in the ordered pair and the
activity.
The coordinate y is always given by the second.

Mark the coordinates (x, y)

Necessary resources Start at the origin (0, 0)
Mathematics brochure for the fourth semester of basics by 2. Knowing x:
maturity, pencil, pens and blank sheets to work. a. If x is positive, move x units to the right.
b. If x is negative, move x units to the left.
c. If x is 0, do not move.
Process 3. Knowing and:
Coordinate graph a. If y is positive, move up y units.
b. If y is negative, move down y units.
Graphs are used to visually represent data. c. If y is 0, do not move.
graphs can also be used to represent a 4. Mark a point at that location and label the ordered pair (x,
equation. To understand the graph of an equation one must y).
learn first how to indicate the points in a
grid. The grid is called Planorectangular of Example 1: Mark the point (3, 4) on the graph
coordinates. A horizontal number line called axis Start at the origin.
from the xy a vertical number line called axis of x is equal to 3: move 3 units to the right.
the axes intersect at a point called the origin. y is equal to 4: move 4 units up.
Mark a point in that place.

Page 2 of 27
Example 2: Mark the point (-3, 2) on the graph. Process
Start at the origin.
x is equal to -3: move 3 units to the left. Distance between two points
y is equal to 2: Move 2 units up. There are two methods to find the distance between two points in
Mark a point in that place. a graph. A method is to count the number of units
between the points. This method can be used when both
points are on the same horizontal line or on the same line
vertical. The second method is to use the formula of the
distance between two points. This method can be used
to find the distance between any two points, whether they are
not on the same horizontal or vertical line.

Counting
To find the distance between point A and point B, how is it done?
shows in the image on the right, count the units that
there is between A and B. As the points are on the same line
vertical, the distance is 4 units.

To find the distance between point B and point E, how is it done?

shown in the image on the right, count the units that
There is between ByE. Since the points are located in the same
horizontal line, the distance is 6 units.

Use a formula
Product To find the distance between any two points, one can
Las actividades de la Tarea 1 se encuentran al final del use the distance formula d
2x21y1 (  )
( x )y 
2 2

In the course, all assignments must be submitted in the portfolio. for the points(x2, y2) y(x1, y1) .
of tasks.
In the formula,x1it is the coordinatexfrom a marked point on
You can make copies of the sheets or take them as they are. the graph, andx2it is the coordinatexfrom the other point.
from the manual already resolved to attach it to the portfolio. Similarly,y1it is the coordinateyfrom the first point andy2is
Remember that you must label the course tasks and add them the coordinateyfrom the second point.
cover. For example, at the points (4,2) y (3,-3),
This task is submitted together with all the tasks of x1= 4yx2= 32,
the other physical fitness courses at any ISEA location
before August 31 of the current year. y1= 2yy2= -3.

Using the graph, observe the following examples. Each

TASK 2 example use the distance formula to find two
Description given points.
In this lesson, we are going to continue with the graphs of
coordinates, but now we will study how to obtain the
distance between points. Example 1
Find the distance from point A to point I.

Necessary resources Let point A(x1, y1) = (-3, 4)

Mathematics brochure for the fourth semester of basics by Let it be point I (x2, y2) = (0,0)
maturity, pencil, pens and blank sheets to work.
Thereforex1= -3yx2= 0; y1= 4yy2= 0.

Page 3 of 27
d ( x )2x1 2
 ( y )2y1
2
Necessary resources
Mathematics brochure for the fourth semester of basics by
(03) (0 4) 2 2
d
maturity, pencil, pens and blank sheets to work.
(3)  (4)
2 2
d

d 9 16
d 25 Process
d 5
The graph of a line
The graph of the equation is the set of all points
Example 2 determined by the equation. All these points are
Find the distance from point C to point F. they are found on a straight line. Note that the word linear
it contains the word line.
Let point C(x1, y1) = (-2, -3)
Be the point F(x2, y2) = (4, 3)
For example,y = x + 4it is a linear equation. To obtain a
Thereforex1= -2yx2equals4; y1= -3yy2= 3. set of points that follow the rule of the equation, must
d ( x )2x1 2
 ( y )2y1
2
replace values ofxin the equation to obtain values
corresponding toyThree values can be selected.
(42) (3 3) 2 2
d
arbitrarily. Let’s assume that 0, 1, and 2 are the values to
d (6)  (6)
2 2
replace byx.
d 36 36
d 72
d 8.49 Forx = 0, y = x + 4it comes to bey = 0 + 4 = 4.
(use the calculator to find the square root of being Therefore, whenx = 0, theny = 4.
necessary)
This gives the ordered pair (0, 4).
Forx = 1, y = x + 4comes to bey=1+4=5.
Use the distance formula only if the points do not
Therefore, whenx = 1, theny = 5.
they are on a horizontal or vertical line. If the points
they are on the same horizontal or vertical line, This gives the ordered pair (1, 5).
just count the units among them.
Forx = 2y = x + 4 becomes y = 2 + 4 = 6.
Therefore, whenx = 2theny = 6.
Product This gives the ordered pair (2, 6).
The activities of Task 2 are at the end of the
course, all assignments must be submitted in the portfolio
of tasks. If the ordered pairs are marked on a graph and a line is drawn
line that connects them, the line that represents all is obtained.
You can make copies of the sheets or take the same ones. the ordered pairs that satisfy the equationy = x + 4.
from the manual already solved to attach to the portfolio.
Remember that you must label the course tasks and add them
cover. The graphic
following
This task is submitted together with all the tasks of sample the
the other courses in physical fitness at any ISEA location points y the
before August 31 of the current year. line.

TASK 3
- Descripción -
An equation that shows the relationship betweenxyyat first
power is called linear equation. In this lesson
we will study how to determine it.

Page 4 of 27
Product and in the equation y solve forx.

The activities of Task 3 are at the end of the Example 1:

course, all assignments must be submitted in the portfolio In the equation y=x+2
of tasks.
Replace 0 withy 0=x+2
You can make copies of the sheets or take them as they are.
from the manual already solved to attach it to the portfolio. Solve forx 0- 2 = x + 2- 2
Remember that you must label the course tasks and add them. -2 = x
cover.
This task is submitted together with all the tasks of The intersectionxit(-2, 0).Note thatandin the ordered pair
the other courses in physical fitness at any ISEA location It is 0. To find theintersection at yfrom a line, replace 0
before August 31 of the current year. forxin the equation and solve it fory.
Example 2:
TASK 4 In the equation y=x+2
- Description - Replace 0 with x y=0+2
An intersection is a coordinated point located on one of
the axes. In this lesson, we will learn how to find the Solve for y y=2
intersections on a Cartesian plane. The intersection inyis (0,2). Note that thexin the ordered pair
Necessary resources is 0.
Mathematics brochure for the fourth semester of basics by
maturity, pencil, pens and blank sheets to work.
Process
Intersections
An intersection is a coordinated point located in one of
the axes. A line crosses the axisyat a point called
intersection inyand crosses the axisxat a point called
intersection atx.
Let's look at the following example:

3y = 2x + 6

Product
The activities of Task 4 are at the end of the
course, all assignments must be submitted in the portfolio
of tasks.
You can make copies of the sheets or take the same ones from the
manuals already solved to attach to the portfolio.
Remember that you must label the course tasks and add it
cover
This task is submitted together with all the tasks of the
other physical fitness courses at any ISEA location
The line graph for the equation3y = 2x + 6cross the
before August 31 of the current year.
x axisat the intersection inx(-3, 0)and crosses theaxis yin the
intersectiony(0, 2).
How to find intersections? TASK 5
1. To find the intersection atxfrom a line, replace 0 with - Descripción -
Next, I will study how to determine the values of

Page 5 of 27
changes for a line in a plane.
Necessary resources
Mathematics brochure for the fourth semester of basics by
maturity, pencil, pens and blank sheets to work.
Process
Slope of a line.
An equation whose graph is a straight line has a number
special associated with the line. The number is the slope of
the line. The slope is the reason for the change in the values of
yfor the change of values ofx when going from one point to
another from the line.

For two points in general,(x2, andx) y(x1, and1)the slope is:

2 1

x x
 2 1

The slope is the change in the values ofandabout the change

of the values ofx. Example 2:
Find the slope of the line drawn in the following graph.

How to find the slope of the line? Sea(x2, and2(0.4)y(x1, and1) = (2,-2).

Choose two points on the line. Pending = Change in y4 (2) 6 3

3
2. Subtract the coordinatesandto determine the change iny. Change_in_x 0 2  2 1
3. Subtract the coordinates ofxto determine the change inx. The slope is -3. The line has a negative slope, which
which indicates that the line slopes downwards. When moving from
4. Write the slope as a ratio. from one point to another on the line, three units descend for each
5. I reduce, simplify the reason. unit traveled to the right.

Example 1:
Find the slope of the line that contains the points (2, 1) and
(-2-1).
Stay the coordinates have to find the change iny:
1 - (-1) = 1 + 1 = 2
Stay the coordinates to find the change inx
2 - ( - 2) = 2 + 2 = 4
Pendiente = Change in y2 1
Change_in_x4 2

The slope is 1/2. The line has a positive slope, which **** Suggestion ****
indicates that the line slopes upward. When moving from a
from one point to another on the line, it rises one unit for every two If the slope of a line is a positive number, the line
units traveled to the right. it tilts upwards. If the slope of the line is your number
negative, the line slopes downwards.
A line that is parallel to the X-axis has a slope.
from 0. A line that is parallel to the Y-axis does not have
pending.

Page 6 of 27
- Producto - Remember that you must label the course tasks and add
cover
The activities of Task 5 are found at the end of the
course, all assignments must be submitted in the portfolio This task is submitted along with all the tasks of the
of tasks. other fitness courses at any ISEA location
before August 31 of the current year.
You can make copies of the sheets or take them as is.
from the resolved manual to attach it to the portfolio.

UNIT 08 Competition:
5. Apply reasoning methods, language, and symbolism
Competition: mathematics in the interpretation of situations in your environment.
1. Produce arithmetic, algebraic, and geometric patterns.
applying properties and relationships. Achievement indicators:
5.1 Proposes modifications in the improvement of strategies
Achievement indicators: problem solving.
1.1 Apply polynomial factorization when simplifying fractions
algebraic and dividing polynomials.

TASK 6 The Pythagorean theorem can be used to calculate the length.

unknown of a right triangle.
- Descripción -
Example 1
The ancient Egyptians discovered a spatial property of the
What is the length of side BC of the triangle that
triangles whose sides measure 3, 4, and 5 units. They realized
that the angle opposite the longest side is always an angle is shown below?
recto. The ancient Greeks understood why this exists
relationship and called it the theorem or the relationship of Pythagoras, Step 1 Identify the sides AB and BC.
in honor of the Greek mathematician Pythagoras. In the present catheti and the legs. The side AC is the
lesson, I will study the topic of the Pythagorean theorem in depth. hypotenuse hypotenuse. It always is
Necessary resources find on the opposite side of the
Mathematics brochure for the fourth semester of basic education by right angle.
maturity, pencil, pens, and blank sheets to work. Step 2 Assign a Measure the side BC, a
Process variable. cathetus, the missing measurement.

Pythagorean theorem Step 3 Apply the a2+ b2= c2

relationship of 62+ b2= 102
The Pythagorean theorem explains the special relationship that exists
Pythagoras. 36 + b2= 100
between the legs (the shorter sides) and the hypotenuse (the side
b2= 64
longer) of the triangle. It states that in a triangle
rectangle the sum of the square of the lengths of the legs b = √64
it is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse. Let's observe b=8
that a 3-4-5 triangle is always a right triangle, but
A right triangle is not always a 3-4-5 triangle.
Given the lengths of the sides of the triangle, one can use the
Pythagorean theorem to determine if the triangle is
The Pythagorean theorem rectangle or not.

a2+ b2= c2, where a and b are the Let's take into account the problems of 3-4-5 triangles.
multiples or dividends are generally used to
legs and c is the hypotenuse of the
to represent them:6— 8— 10; 9— 12— 15y1.5— 2— 2.5.
right triangle

Page 7 of 27
- Product - Remember that you must label the course tasks and add them
cover
The activities for Task 6 are at the end of the course.
All work must be submitted in the portfolio of
tasks.
You can either make copies of the sheets or take the same ones from the
resolved manuals to attach to the portfolio.

UNIT 09
Competition:
1. Produce arithmetic, algebraic, and geometric patterns,
applying properties and relationships.

Achievement indicators:
1.3 Applies trigonometry to problem solving.

TASK 7 Angles are measured in degrees (°) with a protractor.

When the ray BC is located at the bottom of the protractor, the
- Description - The angle measurement is read on the scale that starts at 0. The
A line is an infinite succession of points that have the measurem) of angle ABC is 70°, or in symbols,
same direction. The line has neither beginning nor end. By twom ABC=70°.
Points on the plane form a unique line. An angle is the region.
of the plane understood between two rays (sides) that have
the same origin (vertex).
Necessary resources
Mathematics brochure for the fourth semester of basics by
maturity, pencil, pens and blank sheets to work.
Process
Types of angles
An angle is the space or opening formed by a pair of lines. Angles are classified according to their measures. These measures are
or rays that extend from a common point, the vertex. They they are based on the fact that the circle has 360°. When measuring a
They use three letters to name angles: one for a point angle, in reality, the number of degrees (or part of
about a ray, another for the vertex and one for a point on it circle) contained in the space between two rays.
another ray. They can also be named using the vertex letter
or a number written inside the angle. The angle symbol is A right angle measures An acute angle measures
. exactly 90° less than 90°
This angle can be called ABC B o 1.

Page 8 of 27
 Congruent angles and angles opposite by the
An obtuse angle measures more A straight angle measures
vertex
from 90°, but less than 180° exactly 180°
There are other relationships between angles. The angles that have
angles with equal measures are called congruent angles. In the
In the next figure, angle ABC is congruent to angle XYZ.
The angles are congruent even when they do not have the same
direction. The symbol = means 'is congruent with'.

A concave angle measures more than 180° but less than 360°.

Some angles have a special relationship due to their

position relative to each other. When two lines are
intersecting or crossing form four angles. The angles that
angles opposite to each other are called opposite angles
the vertex. Each pair of opposite angles at the vertex is
congruent.
There are also relationships between angles according to the sum of their
measures. (Key to remember: 90 comes before 180; the c comes
before the s).
If the sum of the measures of two angles is 90°, the angles
they are called complementary angles.
Angles can also be described as adjacent or not.
If the sum of the measures of two angles is 180°, the adjacent. The adjacent angles have a vertex and a ray
angles are called supplementary angles. common.

Recommendation
It is often helpful to write the measurements on the diagram (drawing
of the angle). If there is no diagram, sketch the data of the pro-
problem to guide oneself.

Example 1:
Yes BXC measures 25°, what is the measure of
AXB?
Many geometry problems require the application of
The angles are complementary because logical reasoning to calculate congruent angles. Let's use
AXC has a right angle symbol; our knowledge of the properties of angles for
and a right angle measures 90°. solve the geometry problems.
Step 1 Write an equation m AXB + m BXC = 90° Example 2
Step 2 Replace the measures m AXB + 25° = 90° Angle 1 of the figure measures 30°. Calculate the measures of the
known angles 2, 3 and 4.

Step 3 Solve. m AXB =65°

Stay 25 of both
sides to clear.
The measure of AXB is 65°.

Page 9 of 27
 Step 1 Assign the values We already know that the vertical angles are
m 1 = 30°
same measurement a y d; by c; and h; f y g). The
known.
the following pairs of angles always measure the same
Step 2 Identify the (congruent).
known relationships
The corresponding angles are
angles m 1 + m 2 = 180° they are in the same position
supplementary regarding the transversal. That is,
they are on the same side of the
opposite angles m 1 = m 3; m 2 = m
through the vertex transversal, whether above or below
4
of parallel lines.
Step 3 Solve. (a) m 1 + m 2 = 30° +
a y e; by f; c y g; d y h
Calculate the values m 2 = 180°; m 2 =
150° The alternate exterior angles are
unknowns.
they are always found outside of the
(b) m 3 = 30°; m 4 = parallel lines and on opposite sides
150° from the transversal.
The measures of the angles are 2 = 150°; m 3 = 30°, y m a y h; by g
4=150°.
The alternate interior angles are
Tipos de rectas they are always found within the
parallel lines and on opposite sides
In geometry, arrows are drawn at the ends of a line. from the transversal.
to indicate that it extends infinitely in both directions.
A line can be named after two points marked on it. c y f; d y e
She. The line shown here is the 'line AB'↔. Also Example 3:
it can be named with a lowercase letter (straight a).
If we know the measurement of one of
the angles, we can calculate the
measures of others. Often,
there are several ways to determine the
Two lines on the same plane other angles.
(flat surface) intersect (they
cross) or are parallel. The lines If the measure of the 1 is 110°, what is the measure of 6?
parallel lines never intersect. They have
exactly the same slope. Step 1 Identify the angle that relates to both
with the known angles as with the
The symbol ‖ means 'Parallel to'. angles known as with the
As we have seen, the lines that unknown.
they intersect to form angles Angles 1 and 5 are m 1=m 5
opposite by the vertex. When
corresponding (congruent).
two lines intersect
forming right angles, the Angles 5 and 6 are m 5+m 6=
Lines are perpendicular. supplementary. 180°
The symbol that indicates lines Step 2 Calculate the angle measurement m 5 = 110°
perpendiculars is . identified in Step 1.
Since the m 1 = 110°, y
When a line, called a transversal, crosses two or more lines
m 1=m 5
parallel lines, special angle pairs are formed. In the figure of
the right, the transversal Step 3 Calculate the angle measure m 6 = 180° -
intersects the line AB and the unknown. 110° = 70°
line CD. Let us observe that
some of the angles m 5 + m 6 = 180°; m 5 =
formed are within the 110°
parallel lines and others outside.

Page 10 of 27
Product Remember that you must label the course tasks and add it
cover
The activities for Task 7 are at the end of the course.
All work must be submitted in the portfolio of
tasks.
You can make copies of the sheets or take the same ones from the
resolved manuals to attach to the portfolio.

1.3 Applies trigonometry to problem solving.

UNIT 10
Competition:
1. Produce arithmetic, algebraic, and geometric patterns.
applying properties and relationships.

Achievement indicators:
1.2 Solves problems that involve measurement calculations and
application of properties of plane figures and solid bodies.

TASK 8 Equilateral triangle Isosceles triangle

- Descripción - All its sides and angles Two of them are congruent.
they are congruent. Each sides and the two angles
A triangle has three sides and three angles and is called a angle measures 60°. opposite to them.
its vertices (in any order). In this lesson,
we will thoroughly develop the topic of triangles and the
quadrilaterals.
Necessary resources
Mathematics brochure for the fourth semester of basics by
maturity, pencil, pens and blank sheets to work. The measures of their angles determine the name of the
following triangles.
Process
Right triangle Acute triangle
Triangles and quadrilaterals
One of its angles is right All its angles are
A triangle has three sides and three angles and (equal to 90°). acute angles (less than 90°).
receive the name of its vertices (in
any order). Identify one side of the
triangle by the two letters that name its
vertices at the end of each side. In the∠ABC
the sides are ¯AB, ¯BC, and ¯AC.
The name of a triangle depends on the length of its sides and the
measures of its angles. Obtuse triangle
The sides of the following triangles determine their One of its angles is obtuse (greater than 90°).
name.

Scalene triangle
None of its sides or angles are congruent.
In every triangle, the sum of the measures of its angles is
180°. (Note: a triangle can only have one right angle or)
obtuse. The other two must be acute.

Page 11 of 27
 The following are the most common quadrilaterals.
Recommendations
The symbols | and∥ with which the sides are marked show Parallelogram
Rectangle
which sides are congruent. Remember that congruent means
Its opposite sides are
same. It is a special type of
parallel and congruent. The
parallelogram whose four
opposite angles are equal
angles are right.
measurement.
Example 1
In a right triangle, one of the angles
acute measures twice as much as the other. Which one?
What is the measure of the larger angle?

Let's make a
sketch. A
triangle
Step 1 Rhombo Square
rectangle has
a right angle. It is a special kind of It is a parallelogram / rhombus /
(m = 90°) parallelogram whose four rectangle whose four sides
Let's suppose that x = the sides have the same they have the same length and their
measure of the acute angle length. four angles are right.
Determine the
minor.
Step 2 elements Let's suppose that 2x = the
unknown.
measure of the acute angle
mayor.
Let's write a
Step 3 x + 2x + 90° = 180°
equation.
3x + 90° = 180°
Trapezoid
3x + 90° - 90° = 180° - 90° They only have a couple of parallel sides, called bases.

3x = 90°
Step 4 Let's solve.
3x/x=(90°)/3

x = 30°; Therefore, x = 30°

y 2x = 60°
The larger angle measures 60°. Recommendations

Quadrilaterals Write algebraic expressions about the quadrilateral for

remember what the variables represent.
A quadrilateral is a geometric figure with four sides.
A figure with four sides also has four angles, and its four
angles sum to 360°. Example 2
To test it, draw a The angle B of the following rhombus measures 40°.
any quadrilateral y How tall is the∠C?
then I drew a segment Identify the
called diagonal, between the Step 1 m B = 40°
known values
vertices of two angles
opposites. The diagonal divides Identify the The sum of the angles =
to the quadrilateral in two relationships 360°
triangles. You know that the Step 2 known. m D = 40°; m C = m
The three angles of a triangle sum to 180°. Given that there are two The opposite angles A
triangles, the sum of the angles of a quadrilateral must be they are the same.
180° + 180° = 360°.

Page 12 of 27
 Determine the values Identify the
Step 3 let x = m C ( y m A) Step 3 No additional information.
unknown.
what is needed.
m A+ m B + m C +
Step 4 Write an equation. Rule 2 is fulfilled; the
m D = 360° I took out a
Step 4 triangles are
conclusion.
Replace the values x + 40° + x + 40° = 360 congruent.
Step 5
known. 2(40°) + 2x = 360°
The triangles are congruent. ΔABC ΔFED
Solve the values 80° + 2x = 360°
Step 6
unknown. 2x = 280°; x = 140°
The measure of the C is 140°. Congruent figures
Two figures are similar (~) if their corresponding angles
they have the same measure and their sides maintain a proportion.
Congruent figures Similar figures have the same shape, but they do not have
Two congruent figures have the same shape and size. One necessarily the same measurement.
A way to know if two figures are congruent is to place one If the measures of two angles of a triangle are equal to the
figure over the other to see if their sides and angles align measures of two angles of another triangle, the measures of the
perfectly. Sometimes, it is also possible to know if they are
third angles will also be equal (AAA) and the triangles
congruent at first glance. However, to identify the they will be similar.
Figures that "seem" to be congruent must be verified.
Example 4
Let's consider triangles. Congruent triangles have
exactly the same shape and size. They have vertices, sides and Is it the△ ABC similar to△ DEF?
corresponding angles. Marks are used to indicate what
parts are congruent.
There are three rules to verify that two triangles are
congruent. Two triangles are congruent if it holds true
any of the following rules:
RULE 1 The three sides (SSS) are congruent.
RULE 2 Two sides and the angle between them (SAS) are In△ ABC, m A = 60°. In△ DEF, m D = 60°.
congruent.
In△ ABC, m C = 70°. In△ DEF, m F = 70°.
RULE 3 Two angles and the side between them (ASA) are
congruent. Since the measures of two angles of the△ ABC are equal to
the measures of two angles in the△ DEF, the triangles are
Example 3
similar.△ ABC ~△ DEF
Are triangles ABC and FDE congruent?
Recommendations
Similar triangles are frequently used to
solving problems when it is not possible to determine one
distance by means of measurement.

Example 5
At 4 p.m., a flagpole casts a shadow of 20
feet. At the same time, a person who is 6 feet tall projects
Identify the parts AB FE, BC ED a 4-foot shadow. What is the height of the pole?
Step 1
given congruences. B E
There are two pairs of sides
congruent. The angles
Identify the
Step 2 between the sides
known relationships.
they are also congruent
congruent. (LAL)

Page 13 of 27
The sun illuminates the person and the pole from the same angle According to the scale, 1
(due to the measurements being taken in the same place and to
centimeter of the map is
the same time). Therefore, objects and shadows form Read the scale of the
Step 1 equal to 5 kilometers of
similar triangles. map
real distance.

Write a
Step 2
proportion

Using proportions in geometry

Many measurements and geometric problems require Step 3 Resolve x=5(4.5)=22.5 km
indirect measurements. Instead of actually taking the measurements,
use proportions and the knowledge of correspondences
between parties to calculate the response. Calculate one of the The actual distance is 22.5 kilometers.
measures that are missing when working with similar triangles
it is an example of indirect measurement. There are two other situations
common issues that can be resolved with indirect measurements. Product
A scaled drawing of the sketch of an object with all its The activities of Task 8 are at the end of the course,
proportional distances to the distances of the real object. The all works must be submitted in the portfolio of
scale of the ratio of the sketch measurements to the measurements tasks.
real. Maps would be examples of scale drawings.
You can make copies of the sheets or take the same ones from the
Example 6 manuals already solved to attach to the portfolio.
On the map, the distance between Quiñónez and Santos is 4.5 [Link] that you must label the course tasks and add them
What is the actual distance between the two cities? cover.
This task is submitted together with all the tasks of the
other fitness courses at any ISEA venue before
from August 31 of the current year.

1.2 Solve problems that involve measurement calculations and

UNIT 11 application of properties of flat figures and solid bodies.
Competition: 1.3 Applies trigonometry to problem solving.
1. Produce arithmetic, algebraic, and geometric patterns.
applying properties and relationships.

Achievement indicators:

TASK 9 Geometric shapes can be seen. They can be seen inside

rooms, in furniture, in clothing and in household items and also
- Descripción - in buildings, streets, and bridges. One of the most important parts
Geometry is the area of mathematics that studies points, Geometry is about learning to use formulas, like those
to calculate the perimeter, area, volume, and the relationship of
lines, angles, two-dimensional and three-dimensional figures and
used to solve many everyday problems. Everywhere Pythagoras.

Page 14 of 27
- Necessary resources - El perímetro es de36 centímetrosy el área es de50
Mathematics brochure for the fourth semester of basic education by square centimeters.
maturity, pencil, pens and blank sheets to work. A diagonal line that passes through two opposite corners
Process divide the parallelogram in two
identical triangles. Each
Geometry triangle is equal to a half of
parallelogram. The formula of the
The principles of geometry show how the measurements of
the area of a triangle is based on
a form or figure is related to its characteristics and the
relationship that exists between two-dimensional figures and this fact.
three-dimensional.
Triangles and parallelograms
Two common shapes are triangles and parallelograms. A
A triangle has three sides and three angles. The sides of the
Triangles can have different lengths and their angles.
different measurements. Example 2:
A parallelogram is a figure with four sides whose sides Calculate the perimeter and the area of the triangle
opposites are parallel. Parallel means that the lines DEF
extended never intersect or cross. The rectangles and
Squares are special parallelograms. Although we usually Step 1. Calculate the perimeter. 6 + 4.5 + 5.8 = 16.3
thinking of a parallelogram as a rectangle tilted towards Add the length of the sides inches
one side.
The perimeter of a geometric figure is the distance that Step 2. Calculate the area.
It borders the figure and is calculated by adding the lengths of all the Choose the formula
sides of a figure, regardless of their number or lengths of
the sides. Replace the measurements
The area is the measure of the surface of a figure.
two-dimensional. The area of a parallelogram is equal to the product Solve
of the base by the height. The base can be any side. The
El perímetro es de16.3 pulgadasy el área es de12.18
height is the straight distance from a point on the opposite side
square inches.
up to the base. The height and the base form a 90° angle.

Area of a parallelogram = base × heightó A = bh, where

Circles
b = baseyh = altura
Most figures have straight sides. A circle, however,
Recommendations on the contrary, it has a curved edge. To the perimeter, that is,
the distance around the circle is called the circumference.
The "base" is the side that forms a 90° angle with the height. to calculate the circumference of a circle, it is necessary to know already
Any side of the figure can be the base, not just one side. whether the diameter or the radius of the circle.
on which the figure "rests".
The diameter of a circle is a line segment that passes through
Example 1: the center of the circle and has its
final points on the edge
Calculate the perimeter and the area of the
of the circle. The radius is a
parallelogram ABCD
line segment that connects
the center of the circle with a
Step 1. Calculate the perimeter. 10 + 10 + 8 + 8 = point on the edge of the
Sum the length of the sides 36 centimeters circle. The length of the radius is
half of the diameter.
Step 2. Calculate the area.
Choose the formula A=bh
Replace the measurements A=10(5)
Resolve A=50 cm2

Page 15 of 27
For any circle, the ratio of the circumference to the diameter (C/ Volume
d) always has the same value. This value is represented with the
Greek letter π (pi). The value of π is 22/7 or approximately [Link] volume is a measure in cubic units of the amount of
For the purposes of this course, we will use 3.14 as the value of pi. space that exists within a three-dimensional object (or solid).
Each cubic unit is a cube composed of 6 sides.
Given thatC/d=πThe formula to calculate the circumference (C) is identical squares (called faces). For example, one inch
C=π × dwhere d is diameter; that is, pi multiplied by the A cube is a cube where each face is made up of an edge.
diameter. that measures 1 inch. Imagine filling a space with layers of
Recommendations ice cube. The volume of the space is equal to the number of
cubes.
To estimate the circumference of a circle,
multiply the diameter by 3. Three common solid figures are the rectangular prism, the cube and
the cylinder. The volume (V) is the area (A) of the base (the side that
forms a 90° angle with respect to the height) multiplied by the
Example 3: height of an object. The general formula isV = Ah. This formula
Flor wants to install a railing around general is reformulated for each type of figure. Let's notice
a circular pool. The diameter of the that the base of each solid figure is a shape that already
the pool is 20 feet. we know.
What will be the length of the railing?
Recommendations
Step 1. Choose the formula C=πd Memorize the basic formulas for perimeter, area, and volume
Step 2. Substitute values to save time.
C=3.14(20)
Step 3. Solve C=62.8 pies
Cube
The railing will measure approximately 62.8 feet in length.

Area of a circle
The formula to calculate the area of
a circle isA=πr2, whererit is the
radio. That is, the area of a circle is Rectangular prism
calculate by multiplyingpi (3.14) for the
V = (area of the square)h
square of the radius.
(arista x arista) x arista
= s3 edge
Example 4:
Pablo wants to paint a circle on the wall
from your store as part of an advertisement.
What is the area in square feet of
circle if the diameter is 12 feet? V = (prism area)h
(length x width) x height
= lwh
Cylinder
Step 1. Choose the formula A=πr2
Step 2. Calculate the radius

Step 3. Substitute values for A=π(6)2

the area
Step 4. Solve A=3.14 ×6×6
A=113.04 feet2 V = (area of the circle)h
(pi x radius2) x height
The area of the circle is 113.04 square feet. =πr2h

Page 16 of 27
 long. A pyramid can have a square base or
triangular. The base connects through a single point,
Example 5:
called vertex, with triangular faces (sides).
What is the volume of the block that
It has a circular base and a vertex. A surface
is displayed on the left?
curve connects the base to the vertex.

Step 1. Choose the formula V = lwh

Step 2. Replace values V = 10 × 6 × 8
Step 3. Solve V = 480 inches3

The volume of the block is 480 cubic inches.

Example 6:
What is the volume of a cube whose sides measure 2 feet?
Let us remember that a cube is a prism.
special rectangular. The formula for the volume
it is still the product of length by width The volume of a pyramid or cone is 1/3 of the area of its base.
and by height, but the formula is written as multiplied by its height.
different way.

Step 1. Choose the formula V=S3

Pirámide
Paso [Link] valores V=23
Step 3. Solve V=8 cubic feet
The volume of the block is 8 cubic feet.
Example 7:
What is the volume of the cylinder that is Cone
show to the left?
The base of every cylinder is a circle. For
calculate the volume of a cylinder, calculate it
area of the circle (πr2) and multiply it by the
height (h).

Step 1. Choose the formula Example 8:

V = πr2h
Calculate the volume, in cubic feet, of the
Step 2. Substitute values V = 3.14 × 42× 10 pyramid.
V = 3.14 × 16 × 10
Step 3. Solve V = 502.4 cubic centimeters Step 1. Calculate the area of the A = S2
base (a square) A = 62
The volume of the cylinder is 502.4 cubic centimeters. A = 36 feet2
Step 2. Choose the formula of
volume. The original formula
Pyramids and cones ask that the height be raised to
square, but, it has already been calculated
All the three-dimensional solids studied so far the square in the step
(rectangles, cubes, and cylinders) have two identical bases.
previous, so the choice is made
We can consider these bases as the upper and lower side.
simple formula.
from the figure. The pyramids and cones are also solids
three-dimensional, but they only have one base. Step 3. Solve V = 502.4 cubic centimeters

A pyramid has a base whose sides measure the same.

The volume of the pyramid is 60 feet.3.

Page 17 of 27
 - Producto -
Example 9: The activities for Task 9 are at the end of the course.
Calculate the volume of the cone in centimeters. all the work must be submitted in the portfolio of
closest cubic. tasks.
You can make copies of the sheets or take the same ones from the
Step 1. Use the formula to solved manuals to attach to the portfolio.
calculate the volume of a
cone. Remember that you need to label the course tasks and add
cover
Step 2. Substitute values
known in the formula. This task is submitted together with all the tasks of the
other fitness courses at any ISEA venue before
Step 3. Solve. V=84.78 from August 31 of the current year.

The volume of the cone is 84.78 which rounded is 85 cm.3

1.2 Solves problems that involve measurement calculations and

UNIT 12 application of properties of planar figures and solid bodies.
Competition: 1.3 Applies trigonometry to problem solving.
1. Produce arithmetic, algebraic, and geometric patterns.
applying properties and relationships.

Achievement indicators:

TASK 10 Step 1. Divide the figure into two simple shapes. Imagine a
Description each of the ends of the figure as a semicircle
joined to a rectangle.
A composite figure is one that has different shapes.
simple: triangles, squares, circles, etc. Therefore, finding Step 2. Calculate the area of each part. The two semicircles
The area and volume of these figures become a complex task. they can be combined to form a complete circle.
In this lesson, you will learn the formulas to work with
composite figures. Calculate the area A =π x radio2= πr2
of the circle.
- Necessary resources -
Mathematics brochure for the fourth semester of basics by Remember r=d/2 r=4/2=2
maturity, pencil, pens, and blank sheets to work. A =πr2
= 3.14(22)
Process = 3.14(4) =12.56
Composite figures Calculate the area of the A = lw
rectangle. 4(1 1/2) =6 feet
Area and volume
squares
A figure can be composed of several shapes. For
calculate the area or the volume of a composite figure, calculate the Step 3. Add the 12.56 + 6 = 18.56, what
area or the volume of each of its parts and then add them up. areas. rounded is 19pies
. squares

Example 1: The top area of the table is approximately 19 feet.

squares.
Marcos needs to know the area of the
tabletop. What is the Example 2
area of the table top to the base
Composite figures can also be made up of
closest square?
common solid bodies.

Page 18 of 27
Calculate the volume of the object that is
continuation.

Step 1. Divide the figure into

simple figures. This figure
consist of a pyramid and
a rectangular prism.
Step 2: Calculate the volume Step 1. Calculating the area A = lw = 128 (4) = 512
of each part. from sections 2 and 4 each one
Calculate the volume of the V = 1/3 x A x h Step 2. Calculating the area A = lw = 50(4) =200
pirámide. from sections 1 and 3: each one

As the base is a V = 1/3 x (edge of the Adding all the sections 200 + 512 + 200 +512
square, A = s2, in the base)2x height (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) = 1424 square feet
what s = edge of the base. = 1/3(112(12) = 1/3
(121)(12) = 484
cubic inches
Calculate the volume of a V = lwh Subtraction method: The total area is
rectangular body. 11 x 11 x 10 =1210 equal to the area of the path plus that of
cubic inches grass. Calculate the total area and subtract.
the grass. The difference is equal
Step 3. Add to calculate the 484 + 1210 = 1694 to the trail area.
total volume. cubic inches
Step 1. Calculate the area of the A = lw
The volume of the object is 1694 cubic inches. larger rectangle, or external. A =128(58)
The outer rectangle measures A = 7424 feet
128 by 58 feet. squares
Method to solve problems with steps
multiple Step 2. Calculate the area of A = lw
smaller rectangle. The A = 120(50)
Area and volume the smaller rectangle measures 120 A = 6000 feet
Some problems that contain composite figures pose to for 50 feet. squares
test your ability to reason logically to calculate the
solution. In these problems, we need to determine how to use Step 3. Calculate the difference. 7424- 6000 = 1424
the information given to calculate the area or volume of a square feet.
composite form.
Example 3
Product
An apartment complex has a central area of
recreation, as a sample and diagram. The tenants decided The activities of Task 10 are found at the end of the
pave a path of course, all assignments must be submitted in the portfolio of
4 feet around the tasks.
grass. What is the area You can make copies of the sheets or simply take them from the
of the path? resolved manuals to attach to the portfolio.
Remember that you must label the course tasks and add to them.
cover
This task is submitted along with all the tasks for the
other fitness courses at any ISEA location before
from August 31 of the current year.
Sum method: One way to solve the problem is
divide the path into four rectangles, calculate the area of each
rectangle and add them to obtain the total area.

Page 19 of 27
Course tasks
These are the activities to be developed for each topic covered in the current course.
All tasks must be submitted in the portfolio of works.
You can make copies of the sheets or take the ones from the manual that are already solved to attach them to the portfolio.
Remember that you need to label the course tasks and add a cover page.

Nombre completo del estudiante: __________________________________________________________________________

Student number: ___________________ Cycle: ____________ Phone: ____________________

Task 1 Distance between I and E: _______ units

Instructions: Distance between H and F: _______ units

Locate in the graph the coordinates that are described. Distance between I and F: _______ units
on the right side of the activity. Distance between D and G: _______ units
Then, write the coordinates F and I that are on the graph. Distance between A and D: _______ units
cleared but they have no label.
Distance between I and H: _______ units
A (-3, 4)
Distance between E and H: _______ units
B ( -3, 0)
Distance between I and D: _______ units
C (-2, 3)

D (1, -1)
Task 3
E (3, 0)
Instructions:
G (2, 2)
Solve the equation and graph the line y = 3x + 1.
H (0, 3)

Task 2
Instructions:
With the graph presented, find the distance between the
following points.
Use the method of
counting or the method
of the formula
as deemed
convenient.

Page 20 of 27
Task 4 Task 6
Instructions: Instructions:
Find the coordinates of the intersections inXand of the Analyze each statement and underline the correct answer.
intersectionsYin the following equations.
When necessary, operations must be performed on sheets.
y=x-4 separate and attach those sheets to the task portfolio.

Intersection atx ____________

Intersection aty ____________ The bottom of a ladder is placed 8 feet from the wall.
from the house. The house and the ground form a right angle. If the
The ladder is 15 feet long, how high does it reach on the wall?
y = 2x - 6 (round it to the nearest foot)
Intersection atx ____________ 12
Intersection aty ____________ 13

17
y=x+5 23
Intersection atx ____________ 161
Intersection aty ____________

2. What is the distance between points J and K, rounded to

Task 5 closest tenth of a unit?

6.5
Instructions:
7.7
Find the slope of the following lines.
8.1
Use the blank space to perform the operations.
8.6
Put the answers in the corresponding lines.
11.0
The slope of the line that passes through the points A(2, 1), B
(4, 7) is: ____________________
3. Joel desea calcular el ancho del lago. Pone estacas en A y B y
and then calculate, in such a way that C is a right angle. This
makes of the△ ABC is a right triangle. If AC = 60 feet and BC =
80 feet, what is the approximate distance between A and B?

less than 85 feet

between 85 and 95 feet
The slope of the line that passes through the points A(3, 5), B between 95 and 105 feet
(9, 9) is: ____________________
between 105 and 115 feet

more than 115 feet

4. Juan builds a platform whose top has the

shape of a trapezoid. The plan requires that it be reinforced with a

Page 21 of 27
diagonal tensor cable What is the length of the tensor a triangle whose sides measure 4, 5, and 6
rounded to the nearest inch?
a triangle whose sides measure 5, 7, and 9
64
a triangle whose sides measure 6, 8, and 11
88
a triangle whose sides measure 7, 9, and 12
96
a triangle whose sides measure 7, 24, and 25
111
There is not enough information available.
9. What length (rounded to the nearest foot) should it have
the ladder to reach the window on the third floor?
5. In a map where the scale is 1.5 = 60 km, how many 18
how many real kilometers do 4.7 cm on the map represent?
20
40
22
117
23
188
25
282

423
A 2-foot wide gravel path surrounds a pool.
circular with a diameter of 20 feet. What is the approximate area of the
path in square feet?
6. If the△ JKL is a right triangle, what is the measure of
∠L? 100
26° 138
38 degrees 144
52° 314
90° 452
128°

Task 7
At the same time, a 3-foot tall pole casts a shadow. Instructions:
shadow of 4.5 feet while a telephone pole casts
Analyze each statement and underline the correct answer.
A shadow of 33 feet. What is the length, in feet, of the pole?
by phone? When necessary, operations should be performed on sheets.
Separate and attach those sheets to the task portfolio.
18
22
1. The angle ABC is flat. Which of the following statements
28
Is it true?
33
99

8. Which of the following is a right triangle?

Page 22 of 27
 m∠DBC = 90° 5. Which conclusion is true?

∠USA and∠DBC are supplementary angles. m∠1 = 50°

m∠ADB = 90° m∠2 = 80°

∠USA and∠DBC are complementary angles. m∠3 = 50°

m∠ABC = 90° m∠4 = 80°

m∠4 = m∠3
Angle 1 is congruent to the∠5. Which of the following
Is the pair of angles also congruent?
6. What is the measurement of the∠AXV is four times greater than its
∠1 and∠2 supplementary angle∠BXC?

∠3 and∠4 36°

∠3 and∠7 45°

∠3 and∠8 72°

∠7 and∠8 132°
144°
3. An angle measures 12° less than its complement. If the
the measure of the larger angle is x, which of the following
Task 8
Should affirmations be the truth?
Instructions:
x + (x - 12°) = 180°
Analyze each statement and underline the correct answer.
x + (x - 12°) = 90°
When necessary, operations should be carried out on sheets.
x + (12° - x) = 90°
separate and attach those sheets to the task portfolio.
x + (x - 12°) = 180°

x + 90° = x + 12°
Use the following map to answer questions 01 and 02.

4. The measure of∠7 is 116°. Which of the following

Is the statement true?

1. The map indicates the scaled distance between the houses of

each family. What is the real distance between Gautier and Tomasini?
∠1 and∠5 are congruent.
120
∠1 and∠4 supplementary sons.
150
m∠1 + m∠4 = 180°
160
The lines p and q are not parallel.
180
The lines p and q are perpendicular.
200

Page 23 of 27
Susana left her house, Castillo, for Berríos' house. 5. If triangles DEF and FGH are similar, which of the
Then he drove from Berríos' house to the family's house. Are the following corresponding sides?
Gautier finally returned home. How many miles did he drive?
sides DF and FG
Susana?
sides EF and FH
460
sides of Y and DF
480
sides DF and GH
540
sides DF and FH
580
620
6. What is the length in feet of side DE in the figure?

30
Tecpán is located 50 miles from the Capital City.
Map, these cities are 2.5 inches apart. What is 33
the scale of the map? 40
1 inch = 0.2 miles 50
1 inch = 2 miles 55
1 inch = 2.5 miles
1 inch = 20 miles Task 9
1 inch = 25 miles Instructions for the first series:
Find the area and the perimeter of each of the figures.
4. A proportion of a metal sculpture includes a triangle that appear below.
isosceles. The two equal sides measure 15 inches each. Underline the correct answer in each statement.
What is the perimeter of the triangle, in inches, if all the
Perform the operations on separate sheets. Remember
Are the angles acute?
attach these sheets to the task portfolio.
15

30
45

60

There is not enough information.

Perimeter Area

49.2 cm 79 2

Use the following 49.2 cm2 68 2

image to respond 50 cm 69 2

questions 05 and 06.

50 cm2 60 2

Page 24 of 27
 Perimeter Area Perimeter Área

31 inches 45 inches2 18.5 24 cm2

20 inch 20 inches 18.9 24 cm
30 inch2 87 inch 19 14 cm2
30 inches 43.5 inches 18.7 14 cm

Perimeter Area Perimeter Area

16.5 feet 48 feet2 25 20 inches2

33 feet 20 pies2 15 60 inches2

20.5 feet 87 feet 30 40 inches2

17 feet 43 feet 19 30 inches2

Instructions for the second series:

Analyze each statement and write in the parentheses.
corresponding whether this is true or false.
Perform the operations on separate sheets when the
the statement deserves it.
Perimeter Area
Remember to attach those sheets to the task portfolio.
24.5 inch 24 inches2

24.3 inches 24 inches

( The diameter of a circle measures 7 inches.
24.4 inches 32 inch2 rounded circumference to the nearest inch is
24.2 inches 32 inches 22 inches.
( If the radius of a circle measures 2 feet, the area in square feet
The area of the circle is 12.56.

Page 25 of 27
( If a circle has a radius of 3 yards, its area the total area of the section is 10.5 square feet. If the
Approximately to the nearest square yard is 27. the height of the section is 3.5 feet, what is the measure in
base feet?
( The circumference of a circle with a radius of 7
centimeters is approximately 21 cms. 3
6
Instructions of the third series: 7
Analyze each statement and underline the correct answer to 14
each written proposal.
36.75
Perform the operations on separate sheets when the
statement it deserves.
What is the approximate volume (in cubic feet) of a
Remember to attach those sheets to the task portfolio.
box with a length of 2.5 feet, width is 1 foot 6
inches and a height of 1 foot 9 inches?
The area of a rectangular mural is 180 square feet. If between 3 and 4
the mural is 15 feet long, what is its width in
entre 4 y 5
pies?
between 5 and 6
6
between 6 and 7
12
between 7 and 8
165
2700
What is the approximate volume (in cubic feet) of a
There is not enough information available
box whose length is 2.5 feet, width is 1 foot 6
inches and a height of 1 foot 9 inches?
A storage barrel has a cylindrical shape. The volume between 3 and 4
del barril es aproximadamente 81.64 pies cúbicos. Subraye
between 4 and 5
Which of the following expressions can be used to calculate
its height in feet. between 5 and 6

between 6 and 7

between 7 and 8

What is the area, in square centimeters, of the triangle?

(Hint: 1 meter = 100 centimeters)

12,000
12,500

15,000
20,000
22,500
A small section of a roof is triangular in shape. The

Page 26 of 27
 A cone has a height of 1 foot 4 inches and a base The top of a table has the measurements shown in the
whose area is 18 square inches. What is the volume, figure. If each end of the table is a semicircle, what
in cubic inches, of the cone? it will be the approximate area (in square feet) of the top of the
table?
84
110
96
80
144
50
252
40
288
25

Task 10
Instructions:
Analyze each statement and underline the correct answer.

When necessary, operations should be performed on sheets.

separate and attach those sheets to the task portfolio.

What is the volume, to the nearest cubic centimeter, of

object that is shown?
79

157
393
471

550

What is the area, in square centimeters, of the figure?

27

28.5
33

37.5

42

What is the perimeter of the figure?

72
75

90
92

Page 27 of 27