Understanding Variable Frequency Drives
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Variable Frequency Drives
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ScribdTranslationsFrequency converter
A variable frequency drive (abbreviated VFD, from English: Variable Frequency Drive or simply
An Adjustable Frequency Drive (AFD) is a system for controlling rotational speed of
aalternating current motor(AC) through the control of thefrequencyof food
supplied to the motor. A frequency converter is a special case of avariator of
speed. Frequency converters are also known as frequency drives.
adjustable (AFD), AC drivers or microdrivers. Since the voltage is varied to
the time that the frequency, sometimes they are called VVVF drivers (variable voltage variable frequency)
frequency).
Operating principle
Frequency variators operate under the principle that synchronous speed
of an engine ofalternating currentis determined by the supplied AC frequency and
the number of poles in thestator, according to the relationship:
p = Number of poles
the quantities of poles most frequently used in synchronous motors or
inInduction motorthey are 2, 4, 6, and 8 poles that, following the cited equation, would result in
at 3600 RPM, 1800 RPM, 1200 RPM and 900 RPM respectively for motors
synchronous only and at a frequency of 60 Hz, and 3000 RPM, 1500 RPM 1000 RPM
and 750 RPM for 50Hz. Depending on the geographical location, it operates at 50Hz or
60Hz.
In asynchronous motors, the revolutions per minute are slightly lower due to the
own asynchronism indicated by its name. In these, a minimum delay occurs between
the rotational speed (RPM) of the rotor ("actual" or "output" speed) comparatively
with the amount of RPMs of the magnetic field (which should comply with the equation
above mentioned both inSynchronous motorslike in asynchronous motors) due to
that is only attracted by the external magnetic field that always surpasses it in speed
(otherwise the engine would stop having torque at the moments it reached the)
magnetic field
VFD motor[editar]
The motor used in a VFD system is normally an induction [Link]-phase. Some
types of enginessingle-phasecan be used equally, but the three-phase motors
are usually preferred. Several types of synchronous motors offer advantages in some
situations, but induction motors are more suitable for most purposes
and are generally the most economical choice. Engines designed to work at speed
fixed are commonly used, but the improvement of engine designsstandardincrease the
reliability and achieve better performance of the VFD (variable frequency drive).
VFD Controller[edit]
Thedevice driverFrequency variation is made up of devices for
electronic conversion ofsolid state. The usual design first converts the energy of
input CA in CC using abridge rectifier. The intermediate DC energy is converted into
a quasi signal-sine wavefrom AC using a switched inverter circuit. The rectifier is
usually a three-phase bridge ofdiodes, but they are also usedcontrolled rectifiers.
Because energy is converted to continuous, many units accept inputs both
single-phase as three-phase (acting as a phase converter, avariator of
speed).