Think Again

Ano de publicação: 2021

Autor: Adam Grant
304 pages

At some point, you have probably heard that if

you drop a frog into a pot of scalding hot water,
he will jump out immediately.
But what if you drop the frog in warm water and increase
gradually the temperature? According to common sense, the frog
will die. He is an irrational animal and unable to rethink the
situation, and does not perceive the threat until it is too late.
According to Grant, this is not true. Thrown into the pan of
heating, the frog will get burned a lot and may or may not
escape. In fact, the frog is better in the boiling pot.
he will jump as soon as the water starts to heat up
uncomfortably.
But what is the moral of this story? It's not the frogs that fail.
to rethink. It is us. When we hear the story and the
we accept as true, we rarely worry about
question her.
In 'Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Don’t Know',
you will learn to question common sense and stop
seeing life in black and white. Ready to find out what
Don't you know? Then, let's go!

Main ideas of the book

The power of knowing what you don't know is what differentiates the adaptable from the unadaptable;
There are two ways to perceive intelligence: the conventional way and the alternative way;
We are 'mental savers', that is, we do not like to rethink;
We are afraid of the unpredictable;
We are afraid to rethink because it makes us question our beliefs and convictions;
We are emotional beings and, when it comes to our own knowledge and opinions, we often
we choose emotions over truth.

Who is this book recommended for?

The reading of the work 'Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Don’t Know' is recommended for people who
they feel the need for change and want to step out of their comfort zone.
But it is also essential for businessmen, teachers, and politicians who wish to reinvent themselves.

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 Overview of the book
Individual Rethinking

According to the author, there is a phenomenon known as the fallacy of the first instinct. This phenomenon occurs
when we stick to decisions made on 'intuition' instead of rethinking our choices.
A very clear example is when we take multiple choice tests and are in doubt about whether to change the answer.
response or keep the initial response. In the end, the vast majority of people decide to keep the initial response.
But why is it that most people are afraid to change their answer, even with studies indicating that the chance
Does accuracy increase when we rethink our responses? Adam Grant states that this happens because the
humans are afraid of their own idea of rethinking.

How to update our own opinions

But if we are afraid of the idea of rethinking, how can we update our own opinions?
First, it is necessary to understand that rethinking is a set of skills, but it is also a mindset. We already
we have part of the mental tools we need.
Some are:

Assumptions;
Intuitions;
Habits;
Keep an open mind.

In addition, within this mindset, there are four types of mental modes:

1. Pastor: They are only interested in promoting their own ideas. They impose their beliefs on others, in a
attempt to protect them or popularize them;
2. Lawyer: They are eager to win every argument. They will relentlessly attack anyone.
whose opinions do not align with your own;
3. Politician: They want to be nice to people. They long for approval, but do not necessarily see it.
the objective of finding objective truth;
4. Scientist: They are the ones who conduct experiments, test hypotheses, abandon old beliefs, and embrace
new truths.

Your most frequent mental mode directly shapes your opinions. Therefore, do not define yourself by your
opinions, define yourself by your personal values and by the search for opinions that are contrary to yours to
learn from them.

Interpersonal Rethinking
Wearing someone down until they give up arguing with you is not the same as convincing that person with
arguments, even if they are logical. The name of this practice is logic bullying, which is when you use it
from the logic of pressuring others until they agree with you or give up from exhaustion.
Moreover, who guarantees that your argument, as logical as it may be, is correct? The real truth
many times we lose ourselves when we are so confident that we become arrogant. Remember that being
Being smart or having a lot of knowledge does not make you better than others.
If you want to connect with other people and promote the exchange of ideas, seek to influence her to
let's rethink ideas instead of forcing yours!

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 How to open the minds of other people

The first step to creating true connections with others is to rid yourself of prejudices and
stereotypes. According to the book 'Think Again', the smarter someone is, the easier that person is
duped by stereotypes.
Do you know why this happens? Because people with higher IQs tend to recognize patterns more.
easily deceived by their pre-established convictions.
Before opening the minds of others, you must open your own mind and not criticize or judge the other.

Collective rethinking

Living in society is difficult, but living in a polarized society is even more difficult. What to do when
are you talking to someone who has completely different views from yours? Do you argue, ignore or
Do you rethink your convictions?
A sua resposta indica muito sobre o tipo de mentalidade que você tem e como você lida com situações
where the collective forces you out of your comfort zone and compels you to rethink what you think you are
truth.
For Adam Grant, this impasse is due to the fact that humans have the tendency to see the world
through the binary bias. It is responsible for creating the illusion that the world is divided into two: right or wrong; good
you bad; true or false; black and white.
Interrupting the binary thinking process would be the only way to create an ecosystem capable of
to practice collective rethinking.

How to create lifelong learner communities

The way you handle the collective can lead you to have tunnel vision.
Tunnel vision is a mindset that makes you ignore other opinions and ideas, closing yourself off to your own.
world without reflecting on controversial points or that ends up just having unproductive conversations instead of
productive conversations.
There are some things we should take into account to avoid tunnel vision:

Have different reservations and hypotheses;

Know that it is normal to feel emotionally confused when we rethink our convictions;
The learning process can be disruptive;
Be open to the unexpected.

Hey there, ready to think and rethink after reading this summary?

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 What do other authors say about it?
In the work "Everything is Obvious" by Duncan J. Watts, common sense would be the essential ingredient for there to be the
coexistence between one human being and another is invisible to our eyes and remains rooted in
unconscious of each one. However, following common sense increases the chances of flawed decisions,
it is necessary to explore other ways of thinking.

In the work 'The Infinite Game' by Simon Sinek, it is stated that there are two types of games in life: the
finite and the infinite. In a "finite game" we know all the information to achieve victory. In games
infinite, we do not know all the variables. Life would then be an infinite game in eternal adaptation.

Finally, in the book 'The Art of Learning' by Josh Waitzkin, we learn from the author's personal accounts how the
Excessive self-confidence can be harmful, especially when we need to unlearn a pattern.
old to learn a new one.

Sure, but how to apply this in my life?

Think outside the box;
Be confident, but have the humility to accept that you do not know everything.
Cultivate the habit of questioning the information you receive;
• Escape from common sense;
Don't try to be the owner of the truth;
Embrace the power of knowing what you don't know.

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