Low Voltage Electrical Installation Design
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ScribdTranslationsLow Voltage Electrical Installation Design
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsChapter I General methodology for the design of a low voltage electrical installation
I.1. Introduction
The study of a low voltage electrical installation must be conducted with care.
permanent good adaptation to the needs of the end user and taking into account the
essential constraint of budget compliance. The final criterion for the success of a study is
so the quality/price ratio (technical-financial).[1]
The profitability of an industrial facility is directly related to the availability of
the production tool.
The electrical networks deliver the energy needed for the operation of the tool.
production. Thus, the continuity of supply to the receivers is sought from the
network design and especially during the preliminary choices of the single-line diagram.
The design of an electrical network aims to determine the installation
electric satisfying the requirements of the industrial process at the lowest cost
of investment, operation, and failure.[2]
In this first chapter, we will present the project specifications as well as
the general method followed to design an industrial electrical network.
I.2. Specifications for the Electrical Equipment Manufacturing Plant
This is a production factory for equipment related to the electrical field such as the
electric poles, cable trays, and electrical cabinets, etc. The factory and
composed of a workshop, a reception and presentation space for the finished product, a room
of a meeting, an administration on one side and on the other side a locker room and a
Toilet for workers. Figure 1 shows the layout of the factory.
Fig.I.1 : factory plan
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Chapter I General methodology for designing a low voltage electrical installation
The purpose of this project is about:
● The use of lighting software (Dia lux)
Sizing and selection of electrical distribution and lighting equipment.
The use of electrical distribution software (Caneco BT)
[Link] distribution constraints machines:
Locate Type of machine Name Length Characteristic
e of of the cable
machines
1 punching machine 1 L=56m U= 400V ; I=11.5 A
1 L=80m P=5.5 KW
2 digital punchers 1 L=75m U= 3×400V ; I=3×20A
S=18KVA
3 Welding wire post 3 L=20m U=380V. I=22A
3 L=10m
4 Welding position at 3 L=20m U=380V. I=36A
baguette 3 L=10m
5 Column drill 1 L=20m U=230 V
6 curvature 1 L=20m U=380 V ;I= 11.6 A
P=3KW
7 Plasma cutting system 1 L=102m U=400 V ; I=22 A
8 sheet metal folder 1 L=20m 380V, 5kW
9 Chainsaw 1 L=20m U=380V : I =6.4
10 Metal press X center 1 L=20m U=220/330V ; I=7.6/4.4
A
11 Press brake 1 L=90 U=400 V, P=37kW ;
I=72 A
12 Four 1 L=90m
1 L=52m
13 Double beam bridge with hoist 1 L=93m U=400V ;P= 6.1 KW
cable
14 Condor 24 air conditioner 8 - U=380 ; I=10.5 A
Btu
Table I.1 roughly summarizes the different receivers and machines used in the
production process of the factory as well as its electrical characteristics. The figures
The following represent some photos of the factory machines:
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Chapter I General methodology for designing a low voltage electrical installation
Fig. [Link] pointwise
Fig.I.3. folding machine
Figure I.4. Coupecanotrie
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Chapter I General Methodology for Designing a Low Voltage Electrical Installation
Figure I.5 shows the layout of different machines in the production workshop.
12
11 13
2
1
10
9 10
1 13
12
3 3 4 4
8
3 3 4 4
5
3 3 4 4
Fig.I.5. Installation of machines in the factory
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Chapter I General Methodology for Designing a Low Voltage Electrical Installation
I.4. Methodology for designing an electrical network
[Link] steps in designing an electrical network.
The methodology adopted for the electrification study of an industrial area,
touristic or urban includes six major steps:
Step 1 Data Collection.
Step 2 Elaboration of the first single-line diagram.
Step 3 Technical studies and validation of the single-line diagram.
Step 4 Equipment selection.
Step 5 Determination of the protection plan
Step 6 Cost estimation of the installation.[3]
I.4.2. Data Collection (Step 1)
This is:
from the identification of problems, needs to be met, and constraints
imposed
to collect the necessary elements for the design of the network and to define
equipment.
Among the data to be collected, we have:
The definition of their characteristics (power, voltage, power factor,
three-phase or single-phase etc.)
The consideration of their mode of use and, in particular, of their range
operating hours.
The consideration of their status in the installation (receivers backed up by a
source assistance or not.
Perturbations generated and tolerated by receptors (Harmonics, EMC).
Future extensions: for equipment sizing and estimation of
surfaces of the premises.[1]
I.4.3. Development of the first single-line diagram (step 2)
This is about developing a preliminary single-line diagram based on estimated calculations of
the power.
This scheme must meet the needs and constraints, and must take into account
the entire project's data.
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Chapter I General methodology for designing a low voltage electrical installation
This step includes 4 sub-steps:
The grouping of circuits in distribution cabinets.
The network hierarchy diagram.
The application of simultaneity and utilization coefficients.
The determination of the power demanded from different sources[1]
I .4.4. Technical studies and validation of the single-line diagram (step 3)
This is a study of technical and economic validation and optimization of
the proposed architecture considering all data and assumptions. What
requires deep calculations
Calculation of nominal currents
Choice of transformers and generators
Determination of conductor sections
Study of earthing circuits and ground sockets
Calculation of short-circuit currents
Starting the engines
Reactive power compensation
Study of harmonics[3]
I .4.5. Selection of equipment (step 4)
It is about selecting and sizing the equipment based on the calculation results.
carried out in the previous step and data collected in step 1.
Les matériels électriques prévus doivent satisfaire :
The current standards
The characteristics of the network
The functions associated with each equipment
The requirements for service continuity
The qualifications of the staff
The requirements related to future extensions[1]
[Link] of the protection plan (step 5)
This involves defining the protective devices that enable detection and elimination.
of defects and to determine their adjustments.
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Chapter I General Methodology for Designing a Low Voltage Electrical Installation
The protection system is a coherent set that depends on the structure of the network.
and the grounding connection diagram.
It must ensure selectivity by isolating the part as quickly as possible.
network failure while preserving the healthy parts[3]
I.4.7. Cost estimation of the installation (step 6)
During this stage, we need to provide a global cost estimate for the installation.
électrique qui comprend le coût du génie civil des postes, des buses et des tranchés MT-
BT.[3]
[Link]
In this chapter, we presented the specifications of the factory and a summary.
steps to follow for the design and sizing of an installation
industrial electrical while ensuring reliable operation through a judicious choice
elements of the installation and implementation of protections for equipment and
people.