Problem Tree Analysis in Community Nursing
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ScribdTranslationsProblem Tree Analysis in Community Nursing
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsFACULTY OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND HEALTH
Nursing Degree
COMMUNITY NURSING II
GROUP 503
N·3
MEMBERS
SHIRLEY LIZBETH ATIAJA JARAMILLOS
GIZEL GERALDINE BIFARINI ORTEGA
AMANDA MISHELL CUYO BRAVO
MELANIE NICOL ALVAREZ HEREDIA
P-54
CORUÑA-QUITO-ECUADOR
2021
Introduction
The problem tree analysis, also called situational analysis or
simply problem analysis, helps to find solutions through
mapping of the problem. Identify at the upper level, the causes or
determinants and on the lower side the consequences or effects.
Participatory Action Research is a research methodology that
currently generating in society a greater capacity for
answers to the problems of said Society, since the study is conducted in
the community not only through a researcher who studies the
a problem from the outside, but rather it should be involved in an integrated manner with
each of the community members, to study the problems, and the
possible solutions.
Objectives
Determine the different techniques for problem solving from a
documentary viewpoint with a focus on community health and so on
to be able to implement strategies for improving people's health
strategies or techniques are carried out by health managers
with his collaborators
Understand the handling of the problem tree structure
Detail the action plan
Acquire knowledge about participatory action research (PAR)
Problem tree
What is it?
The problem tree is a technique used to identify a
negative situation (central problem), which is attempted to be solved by analyzing
cause-effect relationships. To do this, the central problem must be formulated.
in such a way as to allow for different alternatives for a solution, instead of just one
unique solution. (UNESCO, 2018)
After the central problem has been defined, both the causes are presented.
that generate them like the negative effects produced, and they are interrelated
three components in a graphical way. (UNESCO, 2018)
The proper technique to relate causes and effects, once defined
the central problem is brainstorming. This technique consists of making a
list of all possible causes and effects of the problem that arise, then
having carried out a diagnosis on the situation that needs to be resolved.
(UNESCO, 2018)
How to create a problem tree
The central problem is defined (TRUNK).
The essential and direct causes of the problem are located beneath the
defined problem (ROOTS). The causes are the conditions that
determine or influence the emergence of the problem. It is important to verify
the direct relationship that exists between them and the problem.
The effects or manifestations are situated on the central problem (COPA
THE FRUITS). They refer to the consequences and impact produced by the
problem.
Cause and effect relationships are examined, and the logic and the
integrity of the complete scheme.
How to build the problem tree?
A cause-effect scheme must be configured following the following
steps:
1.- Identification of the Central Problem. Within the problems considered
important in a community: (Rodrigo Martínez; Andrés Fernández, 2017)
Select a CENTRAL PROBLEM taking into account the following:
o ⇒ It is defined as a lack or deficit.
o⇒ It presents itself as a negative state.
o⇒ It is a real situation, not a theoretical one.
o ⇒ It is located in a well-defined target population.
o⇒ It should not be confused with the lack of a specific service.
2.- Exploration and verification of the effects/consequences of the Problem
Central (the crown of the tree). (Rodrigo Martínez; Andrés Fernández, 2017)
The effects are a sequence that goes from the most immediate or
directly related to the Central Problem, to higher levels
general
The sequence stops at the moment when effects have been identified.
sufficiently important to justify the intervention that the
program or project impose.
Each block must contain only one effect.
3.- Identification of relationships between the various effects produced by the
Central Problem
If the detected effects are significant, the Central Problem requires a
SOLUTION, which demands the identification of its CAUSES. (Rodrigo Martínez;
Andrés Fernández, 2017
4.- Identification of the causes and their interrelations (the roots).
The sequence of causes must begin with the most directly
related to the central problem, which are located immediately
beneath it. Ideally, a few should be identified
big causes, which then become disaggregated and interrelated.
A good technique is to ask yourself why what is happening happens.
highlighted in each block? The answer should be found at the level
immediately inferior.
All causes must be identified, even if some of them do not
they are modifiable, stopping at the level where it is possible
modify them. It should be remembered that the goal is to create a
causal model for the formulation of a project and not a theoretical framework
exhaustive.
Each block must contain only one cause.
Fernández, 2017)
5.- Diagram the Problem Tree, verifying the causal structure.
Participatory Action Research (PAR)
What is Participatory Action Research?
Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a research method
psychosocial that is based on a key element: participation of
different agents. It is based on a reflection and a series of practices that
they propose to include all members of a community in the creation of
scientific knowledge about oneself.
The IAP is a way to intervene in social problems that seeks to ...
knowledge produced by research serves for transformation
social. Likewise, ensure that the development of the research and the intervention
is focused on the participation of those who make up the community where
research is conducted and intervention takes place, as the community itself is understood as the
in charge of defining and directing their own needs, conflicts, and solutions.
(Martínez, 2018)
Where does the IAP come from?
It arises in the midst of the existing debate within the disciplines of the sciences.
social sciences particularly Sociology, regarding the nature of scientific validity that
It grants evaluative neutrality and the independence of the researcher regarding
the reality it knows, and the ability of sociology to reveal the
political mechanisms that support crises, the rationality of processes
of change and the understanding of the realities that the people who suffer from them live.
Why and for what purpose does the IAP arise?
The IAP arises from the criticism directed at the theories and methods adopted from the
disciplines of social sciences for teaching, scientific research and
pedagogical that, although important, were insufficient to understand the
realities and create autonomous thinking.
How is it built?
Through a relationship between the researcher and members of the community or
group to which it should be referred; every community has the resources
necessary for its evolution and transformation and, as its purpose, it assumes the
coexistence of using different methodological tools, both qualitative
as quantitative.
Bibliography
Rodrigo Martínez; Andrés Fernández. (2017).Salones [Link] de
PROBLEM TREE AND AREAS OF INTERVENTION:
[Link]
df
UNESCO. (2018). Cultural Expressions. Obtained from Problem Tree:
[Link]
diversity-of-cultural-expressions/tools/policy-guide/planning/
diagnose/problem-tree/