Data Visualization
TS. Lương Văn Thiện
Business AI Lab, Khoa KHDL&TTNT, Trường CN, ĐH Kinh tế Quốc dân
thienlv@[Link]
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Content
• Definition of Data Visualization
• Visualization process
• Visualize relationships (bar, line, scatter)
• Visualize a part of the whole (pie, donut, heatmap)
• Visualize distributions (histogram, box plot, violin)
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Definition of Data Visualization
• Data visualization is the practice of representing data and information
through visual elements such as charts, graphs, and maps.
• It transforms raw data into a visual context, making complex information
easier to understand, analyze, and communicate.
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Visualization process
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Questions?
• What analyses are necessary to help develop insights?
• What insights can be drawn from the data?
• What visualizations will illustrate those insights?
• Do users need to generate reports or interact with a
dashboard
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Questions about the purposes of data visualization?
• Visualize insights from data
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Visualize relationships
• Bar/Column Charts
• Scatter Plot
• Connected Scatter Plot
• Bubble Chart
• Wordcloud Chart
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Bar chart
• Useful for displaying absolute data, including negative values.
• One axis contains categories, and the other axis represents the values.
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Scatter chart
• Represents the relationship between two different variables using dots that indicate
the values obtained from the two variables.
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Connected scatter chart
• A combination of a scatter plot and a line chart, where the scattered dots are connected
by a line.
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Bubble chart
• Displays data in the form of circles. The values of the variables are represented by the
x-axis and y-axis, while the size of the circle represents the measure of the variables
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Wordcloud chart
• Visualizes the most common words that appear in a text.
• This can be used to illustrate the relationships between different words that occur
together or to capture trends of the most frequent words.
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Visualize a part of the whole
• Pie chart
• Donut Pie chart
• Heat maps
• Stacked Column chart
• Treemap chart
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Pie chart
• One of the most commonly used ways to display the component parts of a whole.
• Often used with percentages.
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Donut pie chart
• A variation of the pie chart.
• Example: Market share of Android systems.
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Heatmap
• A two-dimensional chart that uses color shades to present data trends.
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Stacked Column chart
• The best tool for comparing subgroups within categorical data.
• It can also be used to compare percentages.
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Treemap chart
• These are 2D rectangles whose sizes are proportional to the measured
values and can be used to display hierarchically structured data.
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Visualize distributions
• Histogram plot
• Box plot
• Violin plot
• Density plot
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Histogram
• Represents the distribution of a variable (frequency).
• It transforms numerical data into value ranges (bins) displayed as bars.
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Box plot
• Represents the distribution of a variable using 5 key summary statistics:
the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum.
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Violin plot
• Represents the distribution of numerical data
• Combines the features of a box plot and a kernel
density plot.
• The violins are placed side by side to compare
distributions across different groups or variables.
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Density plot
• A Kernel Density Plot (KDE plot) represents the distribution of a variable using smoothing techniques to
produce a smoother distribution curve and better capture the shape of the data distribution.
• Often used to compare distributions between groups or to represent the distribution of a single variable.
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References
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