1.

Solve the double integral

Step 1: Integrate with respect to

The inner integral is with respect to :

Integrating gives:

Step 2: Apply the limits of integration

Substitute the upper and lower limits:

Step 3: Integrate the result with respect to

Now, substitute this result into the outer integral, which is with respect to :

Integrating gives:
Step 4: Apply the limits of integration

Substitute the upper and lower limits:

Answer:

The value of the double integral is 1.5.

2. Evaluate the triple integral

Step 1: Set up the triple integral with the given limits [1]

The region is a rectangular box defined by to , to , and to . The integral

is:

Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Integrate the inner part with respect to :

Applying the limits for :

Step 3: Integrate the result with respect to

Substitute the result into the next integral, with respect to :

Applying the limits for :

Step 4: Integrate the result with respect to

Substitute the result into the final integral, with respect to :

Applying the limits for :

Answer:

The value of the triple integral is 1.5.

3. Evaluate the double integral

Step 1: Determine the region of integration

The region is bounded by the hyperbola (or ), the x-axis ), and the vertical lines
and . The region is bounded above by and below by for in the interval . [1]

Step 2: Set up the double integral

The double integral can be set up as an iterated integral in the order :

Step 3: Evaluate the inner integral

Integrate with respect to , treating as a constant:

Step 4: Evaluate the outer integral

Integrate the result from Step 3 with respect to :

Answer:

The value of the double integral is .

4. Find the area bounded by curves

Step 1: Identify the curves and points of intersection

The curves are (or ), (or ), and the line . To find the intersection
points, set the equations equal to each other. Intersection of and :

Intersection of and :
The region is bounded by the curves between and . The upper bound is and the
lower bound is determined by the two curves.

Step 2: Set up the integral for the area

The area can be found using a single integral with respect to by splitting the region into two parts,
or a single integral with respect to by expressing in terms of . Expressing in terms of : and
. The relevant bounds for are (left bound) and (right bound) for in the
range (where and intersect at when ).

Step 3: Evaluate the integral

Integrate with respect to :

Answer:

The area bounded by the curves is square units.

5. Calculate the double integral

Step 1: Integrate with respect to

Integrate the inner integral with respect to , treating as a constant:

Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Integrate the result from Step 1 with respect to :

Answer:
6. Evaluate by converting to polar co-ordinates

Step 1: Convert to polar coordinates

The region of integration in Cartesian coordinates is defined by and . This

describes the upper quarter of a circle centered at the origin with radius , in the first quadrant. In
polar coordinates, this region is and . The integrand is , which becomes
. The differential area element is . The integral in polar
coordinates is:

Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Integrate the inner integral with respect to , treating as a constant:

Step 3: Integrate with respect to

Integrate the result from Step 2 with respect to :

Answer:

7. Find the volume of a tetrahedron

Step 1: Set up the triple integral

The volume of a region is given by the triple integral . The region is a

tetrahedron bounded by the coordinate planes ) and the plane

. Assuming , the integration is in the first octant. The limits of

integration are: [1, 2, 3, 4]

• goes from to

• goes from to

• goes from to

Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Step 3: Integrate with respect to

Step 4: Integrate with respect to

Let , then , so . When , . When , .

Answer:

The volume of the tetrahedron is cubic units. [5]

8. Find area of the cardioid

Step 1: Set up the integral

The area in polar coordinates is given by or using double integral . For a

cardioid, the angle ranges from to to cover the entire shape. [1]

Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Step 3: Integrate with respect to

Using the identity : [1]

Answer:

The area of the cardioid is . [1]

9. Determine the area of over the region included between the circles

Step 1: Clarify the integral

The problem asks for the evaluation of over a specific region, not the area of the region
itself. The value of the integral over the region between the two circles must be determined.

Step 2: Find the intersection points

The circles intersect when , which means . The intersection points occur at
and . Let . The intersection points are in the first and third
quadrants.

Step 3: Set up the integral limits

The region is bounded by and . In the region of integration, the outer boundary
changes depending on the angle. This integral is unusual as it is not the standard area integral

The integral is set up as:

Note that for the integration to be valid, the outer radius must be greater than the inner radius
for the range of .

Step 4: Integrate with respect to

Step 5: Integrate with respect to

This integral requires extensive trigonometric identities.

The integrand becomes:

Evaluate at the limits:

Answer:

The value of the integral is .

10. Evaluate the triple integral

The problem asks to evaluate the triple integral , which appears to be a

typographical error for or a similar expression, over the region bounded by the
planes , , (implied, as regions generally start from an origin) and , and the

cylinder . Assuming the integral is , the region is in the first octant. [1, 2, 3, 4]

Step 1: Set up the integral limits

The region is defined by:

•
•
• , (due to planes , )
It's easier to use cylindrical coordinates: , , , . The
limits become:

•
•
• (for the first octant)
The integrand becomes .

Step 2: Evaluate the integral

The integral is:

First, integrate with respect to :

Next, integrate with respect to :

Finally, integrate with respect to : Let , . When , . When , .

Answer:

The value of the integral is .

PARTB
1. Evaluate the triple integral

Step 1: Set up the integral

The integral is .
Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Step 3: Integrate with respect to

Using substitution , , when , ; when , . Also

.

Step 4: Integrate with respect to

Using substitution , , when , ; when , . Also .

Answer:

2. Solve the double integral

Step 1: Set up the integral

The integral is .

Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Step 3: Integrate with respect to

The integrals of and from to are zero.

Using Wallis's reduction formula properties for : for even
.

Answer:

3. Calculate the double integral

Step 1: Set up the integral

The integral is .

Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Step 3: Integrate with respect to

Answer:

4. Solve the double integral

Step 1: Set up the integral

The integral is .

Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Step 3: Integrate with respect to

Answer:

5. Evaluate the double integral

Step 1: Set up the integral

The integral is .

Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Step 3: Integrate with respect to

Answer:

6. Evaluate the double integral

Step 1: Integrate with respect to

The inner integral is .

Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Substitute the result back into the outer integral:

Answer:

7. Determine the double integral

Step 1: Integrate with respect to

The inner integral is . Treat as a constant:

Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Substitute the result back into the outer integral:

Answer:

8. Evaluate the double integral

Step 1: Integrate with respect to

The inner integral is .

Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Substitute the result back into the outer integral:

Use the power-reducing identity :

Answer:

9. Solve the double integral

Step 1: Integrate with respect to

The inner integral is . Use u-substitution with , so , or . The

limits change from and .

Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Substitute the result back into the outer integral:

Answer:
10. Evaluate the double integral

Step 1: Integrate with respect to

The inner integral is with respect to , from to .

Step 2: Integrate with respect to

Now, integrate the result from Step 1 with respect to , from to .

Use the trigonometric identity . [1]

Integrate each term:

Evaluate at the limits:

Since and :

Answer:

The value of the double integral is .

11. Area using double integration

Answer: The area of a region in the -plane using double integration in Cartesian form is given by

the formula or .
The area of a two-dimensional region in the Cartesian coordinate system is a measure of its
extent. Double integration provides a method to calculate this area by summing up infinitesimal
area elements over the region. The differential area element, denoted as , is defined as the
product of the infinitesimal changes in the and directions, which is or .

To find the area, one sets up the double integral over the specified region . The limits of integration
for the inner and outer integrals depend entirely on the shape and boundaries of the region . For
example, if the region is bounded by , , , and , the area is calculated as:

Alternatively, if the region is better described with as a function of , the order of integration can
be reversed. This approach is fundamental in calculus for calculating the area of complex shapes.
[1]

The query "150 words" is very brief and its intent is unclear. It might be a constraint for the answer
length or a separate prompt for a writing task.

Based on the image provided, there are two homework problems. The first one is a procedural
problem asking to find the volume of a tetrahedron. The second problem is incomplete in the
image.

Here is the solution for the complete problem:

12. Find the volume of the tetrahedron

Step 1: Define the region

The region is bounded by the coordinate planes ) and the plane . The
limits of integration can be determined from the equations:
Step 2: Set up the triple integral

The volume is given by the triple integral of over the region :

Step 3: Evaluate the innermost integral

Step 4: Evaluate the middle integral

Step 5: Evaluate the outermost integral

Answer:

The volume of the tetrahedron is cubic units.

13. State the formula to find...

The question is incomplete in the image. Therefore, it is not possible to provide a full answer.

13. State the volume formula

Answer: The volume of a region in Cartesian coordinates is given by the triple integral

The formula for finding the volume of a three-dimensional region using triple integration in
Cartesian coordinates is:

To evaluate this integral, the limits of integration for , , and must be determined based on the
specific boundaries of the region . The order of integration (e.g., , , etc.) can be
chosen for convenience depending on the shape of the region.

14. Find area of the ellipse using double integration

Step 1: Set up the double integral

The area of a region in the -plane is given by the double integral . For the ellipse

, we can express in terms of :

The limits for are from to . The limits for are from to .

Step 2: Evaluate the inner integral

Step 3: Evaluate the outer integral

Use the trigonometric substitution , so . When , . When ,

.
Using the identity :

Answer:

The area of the ellipse using double integration is .

15. State the formula to find area of the region using double integration in polar form

Answer:

The area of a region in the plane can be calculated using a double integral. When using polar
coordinates , the differential area element is given by . This element represents an
infinitesimal region whose area is approximated by a rectangle with sides of length and . The
factor of is crucial because the size of the area element changes with distance from the origin. The
limits of integration for and depend entirely on the specific boundaries of the region . The outer
integral is typically with respect to , spanning the angular range that covers the region, from
to . The inner integral is with respect to , from the inner boundary curve to the outer
boundary curve . This method provides a powerful way to calculate areas of regions that are
more easily described in polar coordinates, such as circles, sectors, or regions bounded by
cardioids or spirals. The integration process sums up all these infinitesimal area elements over the
entire region to find the total area.
The problems in the image are procedural homework problems. The solutions are provided below,
keeping the explanations concise.

16. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabolas and

Step 1: Find the intersection points

The equations of the parabolas are and . Substitute into the second equation
to get , which simplifies to , or . Factoring gives , so
or . The corresponding values are and . The intersection points are and
.

Step 2: Set up the double integral

The area can be found using a double integral. The region is bounded below by and above by
(for ). The integral is:

Step 3: Evaluate the integral

Answer:
The area of the region is square units.

17. Find the area of the curve using double integration in polar coordinates

Step 1: Identify the curve and limits

The equation represents a circle with center and radius in Cartesian coordinates.
The circle is traced as varies from to .

Step 2: Set up the double integral

The area in polar coordinates is given by . For this curve, goes from to , and
goes from to . The integral is:

Step 3: Evaluate the integral

Using the identity :

Answer:

The area of the curve is square units.

18. Determine the area enclosed between the parabola and the line

Step 1: Find the intersection points

The intersection points are found by setting the two equations equal to each other:

The intersection points are at and .

Step 2: Set up the integral

The area is the integral of the upper function ) minus the lower function ) from to
:

Step 3: Evaluate the integral

Answer:
The area enclosed is square units.

19. Find the area of the curve

Step 1: Identify the range of integration

The polar equation represents a circle. The curve traces a complete circle as varies from
to .

Step 2: Set up the integral

The area in polar coordinates is given by:

Step 3: Evaluate the integral

Using the trigonometric identity :

Answer:

The area of the curve is square units.

20. Calculate the area of the circle

Step 1: Define the region and integral

The area of a region in the -plane can be calculated using a double integral of the function
over the region . The circle is defined by .

Step 2: Convert to polar coordinates

Converting to polar coordinates simplifies the integration. The equations are , ,

and . The circle's equation becomes , so goes from to . The angle spans the
entire circle, from to .

Step 3: Evaluate the inner integral

First, integrate with respect to :

Step 4: Evaluate the outer integral

Next, integrate the result with respect to :

Answer:
The area of the circle is .