A SKILL-BASED COURSE IN COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH

ANSWER KEY

8
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C OP
M EN SALE
I
EC OR
SP OT F
N

Vinita Kumar
Formerly with
Tagore International School, New Delhi
Naval Public School, New Delhi
Academic Coordinator, Amity International School, New Delhi

Prabha Sharma Marium Dushka

M.A. (English) Graduate in English
Formerly with Johnson Language and Linguistics,
Grammar School, Queen Mary, University
Hyderabad of London

Answer Key Page No. 4 to 75

Supplementary Reader Page No. 76 to 104

CREATIVE KIDS EDU SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD.

 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
PART IV A
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
ARTICLE 51A
Fundamental Duties – It shall be the duty of every citizen of India—
(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag
and the National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for
freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people
of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to
renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and
wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures;
(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that
the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement;
1[(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his/her child or,
as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.]
1. Ins. by the Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002
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 PREFACE
FOR THE TEACHER
This book, as the name suggests, is a handy aid for teachers and
gives the course a justifiable sense of completeness. It is designed
to provide the teacher with a reliable and practical tool in the
classroom. This reliable guide will help teachers plan their lessons in
advance for the complete academic session with ease and precision.
It is also a great time saver as it is a ready reference for all answers
to questions in the textbook.
Petals Of English, a series for classes 1-8, is a complete graded course
in English. Based on the National Education Policy (NEP 2020)
and National Curriculum Framework- Foundational Literacy and
Numeracy for classes 1-2 (NCF 2022), it emphasises on Competency
Based Learning. All aspects of language in use – listening, speaking,
reading and writing (LSRW) have a prominent place in this series.
AIMS
● To develop an appreciation of good literature.
● To experience through literature, the thoughts and feelings of the
people of the world.
● To develop the capacity to read efficiently and access information
effectively.
● To develop a functional understanding of the grammar, structure
and idiom of the language.
● To develop and integrate the use of the four language skills,
i.e., listening, speaking, reading and writing for the purpose of
effective communication.
Use Cordova Smart Class Software to
● watch the lessons in animation
● read the text
● do the exercises of the lessons
● get more interactive and animated exercises on the topics
● generate your own Test Paper
Printable Lesson Plans, Worksheets (Grammar, Unseen
Passage, Comprehension, Write, Vocabulary), Test Yourself,
Practice Worksheets Answers are available at
[Link]
Contents MAIN COURSEBOOK

1. Merry Christmas.................................................................................................. 5

2. Kindness In Crisis.............................................................................................. 10

3. Gift Of The Season (Poem)................................................................................ 15

4. The Great Unity Festival................................................................................... 18

5. Lanterns Of Unity.............................................................................................. 25

6. One Nation, One World (Poem)...................................................................... 30

7. Symphony Of Health......................................................................................... 32

8. Fine Line.............................................................................................................. 39

9. Unyielding (Poem)............................................................................................. 44

10. Letter ‘A’.............................................................................................................. 46

11. Wheels Of Resilience......................................................................................... 51

12. Bravery Pledge (Poem)...................................................................................... 57

13. Ashoka: The Quest For Peace - I...................................................................... 58

14. Ashoka: The Quest For Peace - II..................................................................... 65

15. Grace Unfolds (Poem)....................................................................................... 72

 ANSWER KEY TO TEXTBOOK
1. Merry Christmas
PRE-READING
1. You just received a surprise birthday present from your friends –
2. You forgot your lines during the school play and everyone was
watching –
3. You lost your favourite toy –
4. You found out that you got the highest grade in your class –
5. Your friends did not take you along for a movie –

CHAPTER QUESTIONS

(PG-7, 8, 9)
1. Joy’s Grandpa worked hard because he wanted to provide a good
life for Joy and take care of him, despite his own tiredness and the
difficult conditions. His love for Joy motivated him to work tirelessly
and selflessly.
2. Joy does not spend his money on sweets and chocolates because he
has limited funds and is focused on saving to buy a meaningful gift
for his Grandpa, showing thoughtfulness and prioritization over
temporary pleasures.
3. Yes, Joy’s Grandpa will love the gift because it’s a thoughtful and
practical present that shows Joy’s love and concern for his Grandpa’s
comfort during cold nights. This act of selflessness will likely touch
his heart deeply.
4. From Joy’s decision, we learn that the true value of a gift lies not in
its cost but in the thought, love, and care behind it. Joy chose a gift
that would provide comfort and warmth to his Grandpa, showing his
deep understanding and appreciation of his Grandpa’s hard work
and needs.

ANSWER ORALLY
We learn that the true value of a gift lies in its thoughtfulness and the love
behind it, not its price. Joy chose a gift that would provide comfort to his
Grandpa, showing his care and understanding of his grandfather’s needs.

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 5
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
A. 1. (b) a warm blanket
2. (b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. 1. (b) Joy experienced the happiness of giving, which led to him
receiving something special.
2. (b)
READ AND ANSWER
1. (a) False (b) True (c) False
(d) True (e) False
2. Joy negotiated with the shopkeeper, offering almost half the price,
and the shopkeeper agreed to sell it at a discounted price.
3. Joy learned the values of kindness, patience, love, and selflessness
from his grandfather.
4. Joy felt envious because he couldn’t afford the toys, though he tried to
convince himself they weren’t valuable.
THINK AND ANSWER
1. If Joy had spent his money on toys and rides, he would not have been
able to buy the blanket for his Grandpa, missing the opportunity to
show his love and thoughtfulness.
2. Santa guided Joy to think about who he loved the most and what
would be the best gift for them, helping him realize that a warm
blanket for his Grandpa was the perfect choice.
3. The shopkeeper likely recognized Joy’s sincerity and thoughtfulness,
deciding to help him by offering a discount.
4. These lessons may make Joy grow into a caring, selfless, and generous
person who values kindness and is likely to help others in need.
5. (Suggested Role-Play) – The role-play could depict an older Joy
helping a needy family during Christmas by providing warm blankets
or meals, showing how the kindness he learned from his Grandpa
continues to impact his actions.
REFERENCE TO CONTEXT
1. (c) He bought nothing.
(b) He couldn’t help eyeing the sweets and ice cream in his friends’
hands.
(a) His funds were too limited for such luxuries.
2. Joy didn’t buy any sweets or ice cream because he was saving his
money to buy a gift for his Grandpa.
6 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
3. limited : funds :: friends : sweets

4. Situation What Does This Tell Us About Joy

Joy’s funds were too limited He is thoughtful and knows his
for luxuries. priorities.
He couldn’t help but eye the He is still a child with simple desires.
sweets and ice cream in his
friends’ hands.

ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE

Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.
ART-INTEGRATION
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.

LISTEN
Norman Borlaug was born in Iowa, USA. He was an expert in (a) agronomy
and worked on improving wheat varieties. In the 1940s, he travelled to
(b) Mexico, where he developed wheat that could resist (c) diseases and
produce more (d) grain. Later, Borlaug introduced his wheat to countries
like (e) India and (f) Pakistan, which were struggling with the threat of
famine. His high-yield wheat helped these nations increase their food
production, a movement later called the (g) Green Revolution.

TALK
Group Discussion – How Would You Have Acted with Kindness
1. Response: I would approach the team member privately and offer a
listening ear, showing empathy and understanding. I’d offer to help
with their workload temporarily or find other support resources to
help them manage both personal and professional responsibilities.
2. Response: I would kindly offer to help the elderly person carry their
groceries home, ensuring they reach their destination safely and
comfortably. I’d also let them know they can ask for help whenever
needed.
3. Response: I would encourage the family to consider adopting a pet
from a shelter instead of buying from a breeder. I’d explain how many
animals in shelters need loving homes and how adopting can be a
more compassionate choice.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 7
GRAMMAR
A. 1. The Sun sets in the west. – Declarative (D)
2. Can you help me with my homework? – Interrogative (I)
3. Please close the door. – Imperative (M)
4. What a beautiful day it is! – Exclamatory (E)
5. She is going to the market tomorrow. – Declarative (D)
6. Are you coming to the church on Sunday? – Interrogative (I)
7. Stop talking during the lesson. – Imperative (M)
B. 1. She loves playing the piano. (Interrogative)
Does she love playing the piano?
2. Did she finish her homework on time? (Declarative)
She finished her homework on time.
3. It is a beautiful morning. (Exclamatory)
What a beautiful morning it is!
4. Can you please pass the salt? (Imperative)
Please pass the salt.
5. They are going on a vacation. (Interrogative)
Are they going on a vacation?
C. 1. Kamal: Have you finished your homework? (Interrogative)
Dinesh: Yes, I have finished my homework.
2. Aerial: Please bring the documents to my office. (Imperative)
Benny: Sure, I will bring the documents to your office right away.
3. Nathan: What an incredible performance that was!(Exclamatory)

Michael: I know; it was such a surprising and amazing
performance.
4. Mohit: Do you know where the library is?
Sohan: The library is next to the science lab. (Declarative)
5. Jacob: When does the meeting start? (Interrogative)
Sam: The meeting starts at 3 pm.
WORD-WISE
1. In times of need, acts of kindness can impact someone’s life.
2. True charity is selfless, driven by the desire to help others.

8 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
3. Through compassion, people and groups can address societal issues
and promote positive change.
4. Cultivating empathy allows us to connect deeply with others, bridging
gaps of understanding and fostering compassion and kindness.
5. Practising gratitude opens our hearts to the abundance in our lives,
leading to greater contentment and a desire to pay it forward.
SPELL
1. magnanimity
2. empathetic
3. sagacity
4. benevolence
WRITE – Dialogue Writing
Dialogue between Joy and the Shopkeeper
Joy: What is the cost of this blue blanket?
Shopkeeper: It costs `600.
Joy: I don’t have that much money. Can I have it for `200?
Shopkeeper: That’s quite low, young man! How about `400?
Joy: I understand, but I only have `300. I want to buy it for my
Grandpa, who works hard and feels cold at night.
Shopkeeper: Hmm, that’s very thoughtful of you. Alright, I’ll let you
have it for `300.
Joy: Thank you so much! Grandpa will be so happy.
EXTENDED READING
1. Ratan Tata’s programmes, through the Tata Trusts, have improved
child nutrition by adding essential nutrients to common foods and
supporting maternal health, ensuring that mothers stay healthy.
This focus helps to prevent malnutrition and supports the health of
thousands of children and mothers daily.
2. Ratan Tata’s investments in education, such as funding schools
and scholarships, have provided better learning opportunities,
while his support for clean energy projects and other technological
advancements have promoted sustainable development. These
initiatives boost local economies by creating jobs, enhancing skills,
and improving infrastructure, thus contributing to long-term growth
and stability.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 9
 2. KINDNESS IN CRISIS
PRE-READING
The bond I share with my grandparents is very special. They are a huge
source of love and wisdom in my life, teaching me values like kindness,
patience, and respect.
One of my favorite memories is baking with my grandma, who taught me
with so much patience, making me feel confident even if I made mistakes.
With my grandpa, I loved our trips to the park, where he shared his
knowledge about plants and nature, teaching me to appreciate small details.
They are my role models, inspiring me to work hard, be kind, and
appreciate family and life’s simple joys. (Answers may vary.)
CHAPTER QUESTIONS
(PG 18, 19, 20)
1. • Keeping Grandma isolated in a separate room with proper
ventilation.
• Wearing masks and using gloves when caring for her.
• Frequently sanitizing hands and cleaning surfaces to prevent the
virus from spreading.
• Providing her with nutritious food and hydration to support her
recovery.
• Monitoring her symptoms and contacting healthcare professionals
if necessary.
• Offering emotional support by spending time with her virtually
or from a safe distance.
2. Jiya cracked a joke to lighten the mood and bring a smile to the
elderly man’s face. She used humor to show empathy and make him
feel comfortable, creating a moment of shared happiness despite the
difficult situation.
3. Write a Message for the Corona Warriors
Dear Corona Warriors
Thank you for your bravery, compassion, and selfless dedication during
the pandemic. Your hard work, day and night, saved countless lives and
gave hope to those who needed it most. You are true heroes, and we are
grateful for your sacrifices. You have inspired us all with your strength,
resilience, and commitment. Thank you for keeping us safe and healthy.
With heartfelt appreciation
[Your Name]
10 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
ANSWER ORALLY
Front-line workers are individuals like doctors, nurses, police officers,
sanitation workers, delivery personnel, and grocery store workers who
directly served the public during the COVID-19 pandemic to keep
everyone safe.
(You can share a personal story if applicable). For example, “Yes, my aunt,
who is a nurse, worked long hours in the hospital to treat COVID-19
patients. It was a difficult time, but she felt proud to help.”
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
A. 1. (b) started an online campaign called ‘Feed the Need’
2. (b) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. 1. (c) She was successfully managing multiple responsibilities and
emotional challenges.
2. (c) affectionate
READ AND ANSWER
1. (a) False (b) False (c) True
(d) False (e) True
2. Jiya’s family supported each other with love and care, took safety
precautions, and remained strong despite the fear and uncertainty.
Jiya found courage to stay positive and comfort her Grandma.
3. The title “Kindness In Crisis” highlights the power of empathy and
support during difficult times. Jiya finds strength in her family’s love
and support and by helping her community through her campaign
and messages. Her kindness not only lifts her Grandma’s spirits but
also inspires others.
THINK AND ANSWER
1. If I were in Jiya’s position, I would use my interest in cooking to prepare
meals for those in need or deliver groceries to elderly neighbors. I
could also use my love for drawing to create encouraging cards and
posters to spread positivity.
2. Jiya handles her Grandma’s sickness with courage and a positive
attitude. She stays by her side, comforts her with humor, and supports
her through love and determination. This shows that Jiya is resilient,
compassionate, and emotionally mature. She uses her optimism to
face challenges and uplift those around her.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 11
3. Jiya’s Grandma described her health as “partly cloudy with a chance
of hailstorm.” She meant that she was feeling unwell and uncertain,
but her humor showed her resilience and optimism, even in tough
times.
4. Jiya’s “Feed the Need” campaign worked well because it provided
essential support to people in need, spreading kindness and unity.
Factors that might have helped its success include community
involvement, her dedication, and effective use of online platforms to
reach more people. Challenges could have included limited resources
or difficulty in organizing volunteers during the pandemic.
5. Humour and emotional support play a vital role in healing, as seen
in Jiya and her Grandma’s interactions. Their jokes lighten the mood,
helping them cope with stress and fear. This emotional connection
boosts morale, providing comfort and strength, which contributes to
a faster recovery.
REFERENCE TO CONTEXT
1. (a) Jiya’s days were spent writing notes to healthcare workers.
(b) Jiya’s words were a blend of humor and gratitude.
(c) “Dear heroes, keep saving the world!”
2. Jiya included humor in her notes because she wanted to lift the spirits of
healthcare workers and show her appreciation in a lighthearted way.
3. healthcare : workers :: gratitude : heroes

4. Situation What Does This Tell About Jiya

Jiya was writing thank-you Jiya is grateful and compassionate,
notes to healthcare workers. using humour and appreciation to
support others.

ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE

Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.
DIGITAL LITERACY
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.
LISTEN
1. True (T) 2. False (F)
3. True (T) 4. True (T)
5. False (F)

12 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
TALK
(Teamwork, Collaboration, Holistic Learning) – Be Tech-Savvy
Importance of Digital Literacy:
• Digital literacy is essential in today’s world as it enables people to
navigate, evaluate, and create information online safely and effectively.
• It is crucial for accessing information, communicating, and staying
connected in both personal and professional aspects of life.
Group Activity: Each member could share a digital skill they use
regularly, such as:
• Online safety: Practicing secure passwords and recognizing phishing
emails.
• Evaluating online information: Using reliable sources and verifying
facts before sharing.
• Using digital tools to communicate: Using platforms like Zoom or
Google Meet for virtual meetings, which are crucial for remote work
or online learning.
GRAMMAR
A. 1. I will call you when I get home. – Adverb Clause (AD)
2. The book that I borrowed from the library is fascinating. –
Adjective Clause (A)
3. She believes that he is honest. – Noun Clause (N)
4. Although it was raining, we went for a walk. – Adverb Clause
(AD)
5. Whatever you decide is fine with me. – Noun Clause (N)
B. 1. He couldn’t come to the party because he was feeling sick.
2. The movie was so interesting that we watched it twice.
3. John went to the market and bought some fresh vegetables.
4. You can choose the dessert that you like.
C. 1. Correction: The car, which is parked outside, belongs to my
neighbour.
2. Correction: She will meet us whenever she gets time.
3. Correction: What he said was surprising.
4. Correction: The dress which she is wearing is mine.
5. Correction: I know the man who is standing over there.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 13
D. 1. A: Why didn’t John come to the party last night?
B: John didn’t come to the party because he was feeling sick.
2. A: Did you see the note that Sarah left on your desk?
B: Yes, I did. It was very kind of her.
3. A: What did your mother say about going to the movies?
B: She said you could only go when you finish your homework.
4. A: Who was that girl you were talking to at lunch?
B: That was my friend, Mary, who is a great singer.
5. A: Why was Susan late to the meeting this morning?
B: She was late as she forgot her keys.
WORD-WISE
Choose the Correct Words
1. The magician’s performance was truly astounding and left the
audience spellbound.
2. To maintain robust health, it is essential to consume a nutritious diet
and engage in regular physical activity.
3. The celestial descends in the west every evening, adorning the sky
with magnificent hues.
4. She was so ravenous that she could devour an entire pizza by herself.
5. The instructor requested the pupils to compose an essay on their
cherished holiday.
6. It was a blustery day, ideal for kite-flying in the expansive field.
SPELL
Rearrange the Letters
1. IRUSV – Virus
2. NQNEATUARI – Quarantine
3. NASTEIZE – Sanitize
4. CINECAV – Vaccine
5. PTOMSSYM – Symptoms
WRITE
Email Writing
To: abc@[Link]
C.c.: bjh@[Link]
B.c.c: -
Subject: Celebrating Grandma’s Recovery and New Initiative.

14 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
Dear [Friend’s Name]
I hope you’re doing well! I wanted to share some wonderful news – my
Grandma recently recovered from COVID-19, and we celebrated her
recovery with a small family gathering. It was a joyful moment, and we
enjoyed our favorite desserts together. I felt so grateful for my family’s
strength and resilience during this challenging time.
Grandma’s journey inspired me to help others, so I’ve started a healthcare
campaign called “Feed the Need.” Through this initiative, I aim to support
those in our community who may be struggling during the pandemic by
providing food and essential supplies. It’s my way of giving back and
spreading the same care that helped my family.
Looking forward to catching up soon! Take care and stay safe.
Warm regards
Jiya
EXTENDED READING
(a) Dr Kumar’s leadership and communication skills were crucial
in guiding his team through the challenges of the pandemic. His
experience and knowledge provided a sense of stability, and his ability
to communicate effectively helped his team stay informed, organized,
and motivated. By initiating workshops and sessions, he empowered
his team with knowledge and strengthened their confidence, which
ultimately improved their effectiveness in treating patients.
(b) Dr Kumar’s online workshops and sessions significantly raised
public awareness. They provided valuable information on COVID-19
safety protocols, treatments, and mental health, helping people make
informed decisions to protect themselves and others. His efforts
promoted preventive measures like mask-wearing, social distancing,
and early medical intervention, which contributed to better community
health and reduced the spread of the virus.

3. GIFT OF THE SEASON (POEM)

SUMMARY
The poem captures the essence of the holiday season, focusing on the true
spirit of Christmas, which is found not in material gifts or decorations, but
in acts of kindness, generosity, and shared joy. Amidst the winter chill, the
glow of lights and warmth from candles fill the atmosphere with a sense
of peace and unity. The poem suggests that the most meaningful gifts are

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 15
not those wrapped in bows but simple gestures of love and compassion—
sharing a warm drink, comforting those in need, and offering kindness to
strangers.
Through the imagery of glowing lights, frosty evenings, and gentle acts
of giving, the poem highlights how each selfless action brings a shared
happiness that strengthens bonds and renews hearts. It emphasizes that
as we give freely, we gain a world brightened by empathy and connection,
weaving a tapestry of love and kindness. The poem ultimately reminds
us that in the season of giving, the simplest acts of compassion create the
most lasting joy.
PRE-READING
Situation Person Type Outcome/ Personal Reflection
Helped of Help Impact
Provided
school classmate organized a raised felt proud and
fundraiser in need fundraiser money for valued community
supplies support
helping younger tutored in improved felt happy to see
with sibling math grades and growth and
homework confidence encouraged
patience
ENJOYING THE POEM
“Through bustling crowds or if alone.”
In this line, the repetition of the “ou” sound in “bustling” and “crowds”
creates assonance, adding rhythm and musicality to the line.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
A. 1. (c) acts of kindness and love
2. (b) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. 1. (b) it’s a natural and joyful act
2. (b)
A LITTLE MORE OF THE POEM
1. The real spirit of the holiday season, as mentioned in the poem, is
found in acts of kindness, love, and giving. It’s not about material gifts
or decorations but rather the warmth, empathy, and joy we share with
others.
16 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
2. The poem’s ideas about giving can inspire a school project focused on
helping others, such as organizing a donation drive, creating “kindness
cards” for classmates, or volunteering for a community service project.
It encourages students to embrace the spirit of generosity.
3. The poem uses winter images like “frosty eves,” “candles,” and
“Christmas lights” to symbolize the warmth and brightness that
giving brings, even in the coldest, darkest times. Just as lights bring
warmth and joy to winter nights, acts of kindness bring comfort and
happiness to others.
4. Yes, the poem’s message can change how people view the holidays by
shifting focus from material gifts to meaningful gestures. It reminds
people that even small acts of kindness, like sharing warmth and
helping others, are the true essence of the season, creating lasting
happiness and unity.
ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE
Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.
EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.
GRAMMAR
A. 1. The cat on the windowsill is sleeping. – Prepositional Phrase (PP)
2. She sat on the comfortable chair by the window. – Adjective
Phrase (AP)
3. The house with the red roof is mine. – Adjective Phrase (AP)
4. Running quickly, the dog chased the ball. – Participial Phrase
(PAP)
5. The beautiful painting on the wall was created by a famous
artist. – Noun Phrase (NP)
B. Column A Column B
1. running through the park (e) participial phrase
2. under the old oak tree (d) prepositional phrase
3. the tall building in the city (a) noun phrase
4. eating ice cream on a hot day (f) gerund phrase
5. to win the game (b) infinitive phrase
6. extremely happy with the results (c) adjective phrase

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 17
C. One sunny afternoon, Emma decided to take a walk to (a) the beautiful
garden near her house. As she walked through the gate, she noticed
(b) a mysterious old man sitting on a bench. He smiled and waved at
her. Emma continued her walk and soon came across (c) a friendly
dog lying under (d) the large oak tree. It looked tired but happy to see
her. She patted its head and gave it some water.
Next, Emma saw (e) the red bicycle leaning against the fence. She
wondered who it belonged to but didn’t see anyone around. She
decided to leave it there and keep walking. As she approached the
center of the garden, she spotted (f) an ancient book that someone
had left on a picnic table. Curious, she opened it and found that it was
full of interesting stories and illustrations.
Emma then sat down to read the book. She was so engrossed in the
stories that she didn’t notice (g) a tiny kitten climbing onto her lap.
Startled, she looked down and laughed.

4. The Great Unity Festival

PRE-READING
Yes, Tuvalu is a small island nation in the Pacific Ocean. Its unique situation
of having no borders and no army offers valuable lessons for the world.
Here are some values we can learn from Tuvalu:
1. Peacefulness and Non-violence: Tuvalu’s decision to have no army
shows its commitment to peace. This reminds us that a peaceful society
is possible without a strong focus on military power and defense.
2. Unity and Cooperation: With limited land and resources, Tuvaluans
work closely together as a community. This teaches us the importance
of cooperation, helping each other, and finding harmony in small
communities.
3. Environmental Responsibility: As one of the countries most affected
by climate change and rising sea levels, Tuvalu encourages us to take
environmental issues seriously. They remind us of the importance of
protecting our planet and supporting sustainable practices.
4. Adaptability and Resilience: Living on a small, isolated island
requires resilience and adaptability. Tuvaluans have learned to thrive
with limited resources and challenges posed by their environment.
This teaches us to adapt to our circumstances and find solutions even
when resources are limited.

18 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
5. Cultural Preservation: Tuvaluans value their traditions and customs
deeply. Despite globalization, they’ve preserved their unique culture.
This encourages us to take pride in our heritage and maintain our
cultural identity in a rapidly changing world.
CHAPTER QUESTIONS
(PG 34, 35)
1. Deepti and Rosy chose a unique approach by focusing on personal
stories of how people adapted to life in a unified world. Instead of
presenting just historical facts or political changes, they highlighted
humorous and heartwarming memories, showing how individuals
embraced unity while maintaining their unique identities. Their
creative use of skits and real-life anecdotes made the theme more
relatable and engaging.
2. When Grandma Laima talks about “sweet beginnings,” she is
referring to the joyful start of life in a unified world. Her story about
accidentally adding extra sugar to the phirni, which everyone loved,
symbolizes how the joining of cultures brought unexpected sweetness
and joy to people’s lives, marking a positive beginning for The Big
Brood.
ANSWER ORALLY
Yes, storytelling is a powerful way to preserve and bring history to life.
Stories add emotion, personal experiences, and relatable details that make
historical events meaningful. In Deepti and Rosy’s story, personal stories
from Mr. Faiz and Grandma Laima helped them understand the unity
of The Big Brood beyond just facts. Storytelling connects people across
generations, making history more memorable and engaging.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. (c) sharing personal stories of adapting to unity
2. (b) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
3. (b) an international stroll permit
4. (Choose an answer that best fits your personality; for example,
humorously surprised or amused.)
READ AND ANSWER
1. (a) False (b) False (c) False
(d) True (e) False

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 19
2. Grandma Laima’s story about accidentally adding extra sugar to the
phirni represents how cultural blending brought a “sweet beginning”
for the people of The Big Brood. Her story shows that even unexpected
changes, like adapting new traditions, can lead to unity and joy.
3. During the Unity Parade, the community came together to hold onto
the communal drapery when a gust of wind threatened to carry it
away. This act of teamwork symbolized their collective strength and
commitment to keeping their unity intact.

THINK AND ANSWER

1. Imaginary borders in school represent how people in real life are
divided by physical, cultural, or social boundaries. For example, in
some places, people may face restrictions based on nationality, race,
or class, limiting their access to opportunities or freedom. Imaginary
borders highlight the idea that divisions are often unnecessary and
can prevent unity.
2. Personal stories reveal individual perspectives, making it easier to
understand and empathize with others. In “The Big Brood,” hearing
stories from people like Mr. Faiz and Grandma Laima helped Deepti
and Rosy appreciate diverse experiences. Stories make people feel
connected and valued in a unified society, as they highlight shared
human experiences.
3. Yes, humour can make serious topics easier to understand and
discuss. Deepti and Rosy’s skit used humor to show the absurdity
of divisions, making the audience laugh while also thinking about
the importance of unity. Humor engages people and opens them
up to new perspectives, making complex ideas more relatable and
memorable.
Effect/Situation World With Borders World With No Borders
Pros Protects cultural identity; Promotes global unity;
maintains local governance reduces discrimination;
and security allows free movement
and shared resources
Cons Can lead to conflict and Potential for cultural
isolation; limits movement loss; challenges in
and opportunities managing global issues
and identity confusion

20 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
REFERENCE TO CONTEXT
On the day of joining, leaders tied their flags together as a symbol of unity.
(a) The leaders tied their flags together to symbolize the coming together
of different nations as one unified country. It was a way to represent
solidarity and commitment to work together peacefully.
(b) Other symbolic gestures might include planting a “unity tree”
together, creating a shared monument, or lighting a common flame,
all of which represent shared values and the strength of togetherness.
(c) The leaders intended to convey that although each country has its
own identity, they are now part of a larger whole. By tying their flags
together, they showed that unity does not erase individual identities
but strengthens them through collective harmony and shared purpose.
ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE
Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.
CROSS-CURRICULAR
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.
LISTEN
1. Albert Einstein discussed the need for a world government after
witnessing the devastating effects of World War II.
2. Einstein said that we need to change our approach to dealing with
international issues because modern technology is so powerful.
3. According to Einstein, a world government should operate under a
system of laws that everyone follows rather than using force.
4. The biggest challenge in establishing a world government, as
mentioned by Einstein, is getting all countries to agree and give up
some of their power to a bigger authority.
Declamation – Mayor of The Big Brood
Imagine you are the Mayor of The Big Brood, delivering a captivating and
humorous speech to the community. Here’s an outline you could use for
your speech:
Introduction:
Welcome everyone to this year’s Great Unity Festival! It’s an honor to
stand before you as the Mayor of The Big Brood, a town where borders
are imaginary and unity is real.
Anecdotes from The Big Brood:
• Imaginary Borders in School: Share the funny idea of needing
“passports” to go from class to class. Imagine if you needed a visa just
to get a snack from the canteen!

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 21
• The First Unity Celebration: Remember when everyone tied their
shoelaces together, and it turned into a comedy scene of tripping
and laughter? That day, we learned that unity sometimes requires
untangling ourselves first!
Closing Message
As we celebrate, let’s remember that unity isn’t just about laws or festivals
but about laughter, shared memories, and the joy of being together. Here’s
to many more years of unity and happiness in The Big Brood!

GRAMMAR
A. 1. She loves to play the piano. – Personal Pronoun
2. These are the books that I was talking about. – Demonstrative
Pronoun
3. Who is going to the concert tonight? – Interrogative Pronoun
4. The blue bike is mine. – Possessive Pronoun
5. He hurt himself while playing football. – Reflexive Pronoun
6. The book that you lent me was amazing. – Relative Pronoun
7. They helped each other with their homework. – Reciprocal
Pronoun
8. Is this yours or mine? – Possessive Pronoun
B. 1. She is going to the market.
2. The owner washed the car herself.
3. Where are you going?
4. These are my friends.
5. I don’t know which to choose.
6. Everyone finished their homework on time.
7. The teacher who teaches math is very kind.
8. Can you help me with this problem?
C. 1. Sarah and Tom went to the library.
– They went to the library.
2. The students’ projects are on the table.
– Their projects are on the table.
3. The cats chased the mouse.
– They chased the mouse.
22 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 4. My brother and I are going for a movie.
– We are going for a movie.
5. Reeta and her daughter went to the market to buy groceries.
– They went to the market to buy groceries.
Identify and Correct Errors in Pronouns
D. Error Correction
Every boys in the team must bring Every boy in the team must
their own lunch. bring his own lunch.
Everyone should do his Everyone should do their
homework. homework.
Ajay forgot to lock its car. Ajay forgot to lock his car.
I saw themselves at the grocery I saw them at the grocery store.
store.
The girl whom bike was stolen is The girl whose bike was stolen
very upset. is very upset.

WORD-WISE
A. Words Definitions
(a) diversity 3. variety, the state of having different
forms or types
(b) anecdote 5. a small, personal story or example
(c) symbolic 2. representing something else, often an
idea or quality
(d) absurdity 1. the quality or state of being ridiculous,
unreasonable
(e) cohesive 4. characterised by unity; sticking
together as a group

B. 1. Deepti and Rosy used an anecdote from Mr. Faiz to highlight the
humorous side of unity.
2. The skit performed by the students showcased the absurdity of
needing a passport to switch classes.
3. The story’s theme promotes a cohesive society where everyone
works together harmoniously.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 23
 4. Diversity in The Big Brood exists because it includes people from
different backgrounds.
5. Grandma Laima’s sweet dish became a symbolic representation
of new beginnings.

DICTIONARY
1. A feeling of togetherness and common purpose (INUYT): Unity
2. An official agreement between groups or countries to work together
(LALNAICE): Alliance
3. The practice and understanding to support multiple cultures
(ITLUMLARCULTUISM): Multiculturalism
4. Respect and acceptance of differences between people and cultures
(EOLRATNCE): Tolerance

WRITE

Analytical Paragraph
Importance of Unity and Brotherhood
In “The Great Unity Festival,” Deepti and Rosy shared stories that effectively
highlighted the importance of unity and brotherhood in The Big Brood.
Through their humorous skit about imaginary borders within the school,
they illustrated the absurdity of unnecessary divisions. This skit helped the
audience realize that the restrictions and divisions we sometimes create are
unnecessary and limit our ability to connect with one another. Additionally,
the personal stories collected from neighbors, like Mr. Faiz and Grandma
Laima, showed that shared experiences, laughter, and culture are the real
foundation of unity. By focusing on everyday life and personal memories,
Deepti and Rosy’s project underscored that true unity goes beyond political
structures; it thrives in the small, shared moments of community and
friendship. This approach inspired the audience to appreciate and uphold
unity by embracing each other’s differences.

EXTENDED READING
1. Costa Rica promotes peace and disarmament worldwide.
2. Costa Rica invests in education, healthcare, and environmental
protection, achieving high standards in literacy and health.
24 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 5. LANTERNS OF UNITY
PRE-READING

S. No. Description of the Festival Country of Name of the

Origin Festival
1. This festival is celebrated India Holi
with colourful powders and
water.
2. This holy month involves Several Muslim Ramadan
fasting from dawn to sunset. countries
3. This festival involves a feast United States Thanksgiving
to thank the harvest. (primarily)

CHAPTER QUESTIONS
(PG NO. 46)
1. “May this festival remind us that no matter where we come from, light
has the power to unite us. Let’s continue to share our stories, laughter,
and traditions, and keep the flame of kindness and unity alive for
generations to come. Remember, the brightest lights shine when we
come together.”
2. Cultural celebrations like Diwali, Tanabata, and Brazilian Carnival
bring people from different backgrounds together by allowing
them to experience and appreciate each other’s traditions. Diwali’s
lighting of lamps, Tanabata’s hanging of wishes, and the colorful
parades of Brazilian Carnival all create joyful, inclusive atmospheres
that encourage connection and mutual respect. These shared
experiences foster unity and understanding, reminding everyone
that despite differences, we all celebrate similar values of joy, hope,
and togetherness. By joining in these celebrations, townspeople and
visitors bond over common emotions and create lasting memories,
building a more connected community.
ANSWER ORALLY
Yes, the Heritage Capsule helps conserve the spirit of the festival
by preserving messages, memories, and shared wisdom for future
generations. It becomes a time capsule of community thoughts, jokes,
and hopes, connecting generations and allowing future participants to
experience the festival’s values. This feature maintains the essence of the
festival, making it a lasting tradition that reinforces unity across time.

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 25
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. (b) to preserve historical traditions and stories
2. (b) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
3. (a) Good memories last, so cherish them.
4. (Select an image that shows people enjoying and laughing together,
symbolizing the joy of creating lasting memories.)
READ AND ANSWER
1. (a) True (b) False
(c) True (d) True
(e) False
2. The “Celebration of Lights” is a festival held every ten years in a small
town, originally started to celebrate the harvest and later inspired by
the appearance of a comet, “The Lantern.” The festival incorporates
light-related traditions from around the world, symbolizing unity
and cultural diversity. Its uniqueness lies in its combination of global
customs and the local community’s sense of togetherness.
3. The festival committee introduced the Heritage Capsule to preserve the
memories, jokes, and messages of each festival for future generations.
This capsule serves as a bridge between the past, present, and future,
connecting participants and encouraging a sense of continuity and
unity.
4. The festival’s organiser embraced the rain by calling it “liquid
sunshine” and encouraged everyone to continue celebrating by
dancing in colorful ponchos, turning the rain into an opportunity for
joy rather than a disruption.
THINK AND ANSWER
1. Significance of Lanterns in the festival
 Symbolise: hope, unity
 Create: warm atmosphere, joyful surroundings
 Represent: heritage, new beginnings
2. Each segment of the festival showcased a unique cultural tradition
involving light, from Diwali lamps to Tanabata star decorations and
Brazilian Carnival’s lively dances. By including multiple cultures, the
festival promoted unity by showing that despite different practices,
people share the desire to celebrate light and life. This diversity in
celebrations brought everyone together and fostered mutual respect
and understanding.

26 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
3. Humour lightened the atmosphere and helped people feel more
comfortable and connected. Jokes in the Heritage Capsule, playful
interactions about “space birds retweeting,” and dancing in the rain
made the festival memorable and enjoyable. Humour encouraged a
relaxed, joyful environment, helping attendees bond and making the
festival’s message of unity more impactful.
4. The festival was highly successful in promoting cultural diversity and
unity. By integrating global traditions and providing spaces for people
to connect, it highlighted both shared values and unique customs.
Attendees were able to appreciate different cultural practices while
celebrating a common theme of light and togetherness, reinforcing the
idea of unity in diversity.
5. Message for the Heritage Capsule:
“To those celebrating in the future, remember that true joy is found
in our connections with each other. May this festival remind you
to cherish diversity, embrace unity, and keep the light of kindness
glowing in your hearts. May every generation add its own spark to
our shared story.”
REFERENCE TO CONTEXT
This comet became a symbol of hope and unity for the town, and the
festival began to be held every ten years to celebrate its return.
(a) The comet symbolized hope and unity for the town, reminding people
of the importance of coming together in celebration and community.
Its return every ten years became a symbol of renewal and shared
values.
(b) Over time, the comet’s symbolism likely evolved to represent not
only hope and unity but also continuity, resilience, and a connection
between generations. As more cultural traditions were added, it may
also have come to symbolize the beauty of diversity within unity.
(c) Holding the festival every ten years makes it a rare, special event that
people look forward to. This frequency allows each generation to
contribute something unique, reinforcing the community’s sense of
unity and continuity over time.
ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE
Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.
CROSS-CURRICULAR, DIGITAL LITERACY
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 27
LISTEN
Imagine a world where celebrations are more than just events. They
are reflections of our (a) collective joy and unity. Picture people from
(b) diverse backgrounds coming together, each sharing their unique (c)
traditions and (d) customs. Envision the (e) vibrant decorations, lively
music and delicious food. Hear the (f) laughter of people sharing stories
and creating (g) memories.
TALK
Group Discussion Topics:
1. Diversity brings a variety of perspectives, ideas, and cultures,
enriching our experiences and helping us learn from each other. It
fosters creativity, innovation, and a broader understanding of the
world.
2. Challenges include misunderstandings, prejudices, and cultural
conflicts. These can be overcome through open communication,
empathy, and education to build mutual respect and understanding.
3. Individuals can promote unity by being inclusive, respecting others’
backgrounds, and participating in events that celebrate cultural
diversity. Acts of kindness, understanding, and support for all
community members strengthen unity in diversity.
After researching, discuss these points in small groups to share
insights and learn from each other’s perspectives.
GRAMMAR
A. Sentences Question Tags
1. You’re a teacher, ........? (c) aren’t you
2. She was here yesterday, ......? (d) wasn’t she
3. They won’t be late, ........? (e) will they
4. We should call them, ......? (a) shouldn’t we
5. He doesn’t eat sweets, ....? (b) does he
B. 1. You’re coming, doesn’t you?
Correction: You’re coming, aren’t you?
2. She will be here, will she?
Correction: She will be here, won’t she?
3. They haven’t arrived, didn’t she?
Correction: They haven’t arrived, have they?

28 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 4. It is cold today, don’t it?
Correction: It is cold today, isn’t it?
5. He can drive, can he?
Correction: He can drive, can’t he?
C. 1. It’s beautiful, isn’t it?
2. She sings well, doesn’t she?
3. The match is exciting, isn’t it?
4. You liked the movie, didn’t you?
5. The sun will shine tomorrow, won’t it?
WORD-WISE
1. I’m excited about the job interview, but I’m not counting my chickens
before they are hatched.
2. I was offered a job with a higher salary, but I decided to stay in my
current job because a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
3. There were so many people trying to plan the party that it became
chaotic. It’s true what they say, too many cooks spoil the broth.
4. First, my car broke down and then I lost my wallet. It is true that when
it rains, it pours.
PUNCTUATE
Applying
Original: it looks like Whether were Lighting Lamps or hanging wishes
we all love reaching out to the Stars.
Corrected: It looks like whether we’re lighting lamps or hanging wishes,
we all love reaching out to the stars.
WRITE
Story Writing
Celebration of Lights
The story of the Celebration of Lights begins with an ancient tale from
a small town nestled between rolling hills. Many years ago, a comet
known as ‘The Lantern’ appeared in the sky, casting a magical glow over
the town. The townspeople saw this as a symbol of hope and unity. To
commemorate the comet’s appearance, they began a festival of lights every
ten years. People from all around gathered to celebrate, lighting lanterns
and sharing their unique cultural traditions. Over time, the festival grew,
with each celebration introducing new customs from different parts
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 29
of the world, making it a beautiful expression of global unity and joy.
Today, the Celebration of Lights is known worldwide, as people come
together to remember the comet that brought hope and inspired a legacy
of togetherness.
EXTENDED READING
1. The Lantern Festival signifies unity, hope, and familial harmony in
Chinese culture. Originally celebrated over 2,000 years ago, it marked
the end of the Chinese New Year. Over time, it has evolved into a
global celebration known for its vibrant lantern displays, family
gatherings, lantern riddles, and traditional dances, embodying the
rich heritage of Chinese culture.
2. The Lantern Festival effectively preserves and promotes Chinese
cultural heritage by combining historical traditions with modern
customs. Its continued popularity, including family gatherings,
traditional foods, and symbolic lantern displays, ensure that Chinese
values and cultural pride are passed down to new generations, making
it a powerful representation of Chinese identity and unity on a global
scale.

6. ONE NATION, ONE WORLD (POEM)

SUMMARY
The poem envisions a world where all people, despite their differences,
come together as one big family. It speaks of unity, describing how
every person is connected by a “common need” for love, kindness, and
compassion. The poet emphasizes that, even with diverse backgrounds,
languages, and beliefs, we are united by shared emotions and experiences.
The lines encourage us to break down barriers that divide us, embracing
each other with love and understanding. The poem concludes with a
powerful message: in unity, there is strength and security, and when we
grow in compassion, we foster a world where everyone truly belongs.
PRE-READING
Yes, imagining the world as one big family where everyone lives peacefully
and harmoniously is a beautiful thought. In such a world, people would
treat each other with kindness, respect, and understanding, regardless of
cultural, religious, or national differences. Conflicts would be resolved
with empathy and cooperation instead of violence, and everyone would
have the opportunity to contribute to a peaceful society.

30 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
A world like this would prioritize unity and shared goals, such as caring
for the environment, ensuring that everyone has basic needs met, and
celebrating each other’s unique backgrounds. It would be a place where
diversity is seen as a strength, and everyone feels a sense of belonging.
In class, this could be a chance to discuss how we, as individuals, can
contribute to this vision by promoting peace and respect in our daily
lives. Whether it’s helping others, learning about different cultures, or
simply being kind, small actions can help create a more connected and
harmonious world.

ENJOYING THE POEM

“One world, one family.”
The repetition of “One” at the beginning of these lines emphasizes the
theme of unity and global togetherness.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQS)

A. 1. (a) Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and Reason R is the
correct explanation of Assertion A.
2. (b) anaphora
B. 1. (b) Unity helps people work together, no matter how far apart
they are.
2. (c) unity

A LITTLE MORE OF THE POEM

1.  Stanza 1: stand - land
 Stanza 2: high - sky
 Stanza 3: strive - alive
2. The poem uses imagery of natural landscapes and shared experiences
to highlight how people are connected, no matter the distance.
3. We can apply unity by helping each other, respecting different
cultures, and working together on projects that benefit everyone.
4. The repetition emphasises the idea of global unity and how everyone,
regardless of background, belongs to a single human family.
5. Setting the poem in natural landscapes highlights how vast yet
interconnected our world is, showing that unity can bring together
diverse elements, just as nature harmonises various landscapes.

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 31
ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE
Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.
ART-INTEGRATION
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.
GRAMMAR
A. 1. some 2. any 3. any
4. a few 5. many 6. a little
B. 1. He has many books in his room.
2. There is a little milk left in the jug.
3. Do you have a little question?
4. She gave me some advice on the subject.
5. They have many friends in the neighbourhood.
6. I need some information about the course.
C. 1. the • an
2. any • many
3. any • one
4. a, some • some

7. SYMPHONY OF HEALTH
PRE-READING

Column A Column B
1. a toothache (d) Dentist
2. skin rash (c) Dermatologist
3. heart issues (e) Cardiologist
4. mental health concerns (b) Psychiatrist
5. child’s health and development (a) Paediatrician

CHAPTER QUESTIONS
(PG NO 60, 61)
1. Yes, sometimes I do get upset in a similar way as Anna, especially
when I feel overwhelmed or pressured. Like Anna, I might react
defensively if I feel like people are trying to control or advise me
32 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 without fully understanding my feelings. This often happens when
I’m already stressed, and even well-meaning suggestions can feel
frustrating. However, I try to remember that people usually want to
help, and taking a moment to understand their intentions can help me
respond more calmly.
2. When I’m feeling low or sad, I usually reach out to my close friends
or family members, especially those who are good listeners. Talking
to them often helps because they understand me well and provide
comfort without judgment. Sometimes, just sharing my feelings
makes the burden feel lighter. It also helps me gain new perspectives
on my problems, which I might not have considered on my own.
ANSWER ORALLY
1. People often struggle with changing unhealthy habits because they
may feel attached to the convenience, comfort, or taste of certain
foods, as Anna did. Unhealthy habits also tend to provide quick
satisfaction, making it difficult to switch to healthier routines that
require more effort or discipline. Anna’s story shows that although it
can be challenging to make changes, especially at first, support from
others and commitment to a healthier lifestyle can lead to positive
transformations. It demonstrates that change is possible and can
improve both physical health and mental well-being.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
A. 1. (c) She gets defensive and says no.
2. (a) Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and Reason R is the
correct explanation of Assertion A.
B. 1. (b) It helps with mental and emotional health.
2. (b)
READ AND ANSWER
1. (a) (F) (b) (T) (c) (F)
(d) (F) (e) (T)
2. Anna reacted negatively because she felt defensive and believed she
was already capable of taking care of herself. She may have also felt
frustrated and misunderstood, thinking that others were trying to
control her or criticize her choices.
3. Anna decided to consult a nutritionist, Dr. Banner, to address her
health issues. She sought help because she realized her diet and
lifestyle might be affecting her health, particularly after experiencing
dizziness and fainting.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 33
4. Yoga helped Anna relax, find balance, and manage her stress levels.
It contributed to her physical recovery by improving her sleep and
reducing stress, which, in turn, helped stabilize her energy and mood.

THINK AND ANSWER

1. Suggest a daily meal plan for Anna that aligns with the dietary
changes recommended by Dr. Banner.
Meal Time Food Items
Breakfast 7:00 am – 8:00 am Oatmeal with fresh fruit and
a handful of nuts
Mid-Morning 10:00 am – 11:00 am Greek yogurt with honey
Snack and berries
Lunch 12:00 pm – 1:00 pm Grilled chicken or tofu salad
with vegetables and whole-
grain bread
Evening Snack 4:00 pm – 5:00 pm A small bowl of mixed nuts
and an apple
Dinner 7:00 pm – 8:00 pm Grilled fish or chickpeas
with steamed vegetables and
quinoa
2. Anna’s poor diet, high in junk food and low in essential nutrients,
affected her energy levels and overall health. The stress from her
lifestyle likely raised her cortisol levels, impacting her mood and
sleep quality. These combined factors weakened her physically and
mentally, leading to her fainting in class. Her body was reacting to
both nutritional deficiencies and stress.
3. Lena’s approach was caring and well-intentioned, but Anna’s initial
defensiveness showed that a more gentle, empathetic conversation
might have been more effective. Instead of directly suggesting a
nutritionist, Lena could have shared her concerns and let Anna come
to her own conclusion about seeking help.
4. It’s possible that Anna would not have realized the need for change
without the wake-up call of fainting. Her initial defensiveness
and resistance to advice suggest that she may have continued her
unhealthy habits. Sometimes, a significant event is necessary to
prompt self-reflection and motivate change.

34 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
REFERENCE TO CONTEXT
1. (a) Start including more whole foods into your diet
(b) Include fruits and vegetables
(c) Include lean proteins
(d) Include whole grains
(e) Improve overall health
2. food : diet :: protein : nutrients
3. Situation What This Tells About The Approach
Start including more whole Focusses on gradual, sustainable
foods into the diet changes in body

ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE

Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.
EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.
LISTEN
1. False (F) 2. True (T) 3. False (F)
4. True (T) 5. False (F)
TALK
For the TED Talk activity, here are some brief guidelines:
1. Topic: The impact of nutrition on teen health
Discuss how balanced nutrition can affect teenagers’ energy levels,
academic performance, and overall health.
2. Topic: Stress management for adolescents
Cover techniques such as mindfulness, exercise, and time management
to help reduce stress in teenagers.
3. Topic: The power of support systems in personal health
Explore how friends, family, and mentors can contribute to an
individual’s mental and physical well-being.
Answer may vary for each group.
GRAMMAR
A. 1. She can swim very well. She won a gold medal last year.
2. May I use your phone, please?
3. You must wear a helmet when riding a bike. It’s the law.
4. If you need help, I will assist you.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 35
 5. When we were kids, we could play in the children’s park all
evening.
6. Shall we go to the movies tonight?
7. I might go to the party if I finish my homework on time.
B. 1. Could I please have some food?
2. May I borrow a book from the library?
3. You should stand up when the teacher enters the classroom.
4. I might change schools soon.
5. I can play the piano just like you!
C. 1. Correct: She may not sing well to win the competition.
2. Correct: You should have gone to the doctor yesterday.
3. Correct: If he had worked hard, he might have passed.
4. Correct: May I borrow your pen?
5. Correct: Could you help me with this?
6. Correct: Sunil must follow the traffic rules.
7. Correct: Would you like hot milk?
D. 1. Mr Johnson: Reema, we need to plan the school event. What do
you think we should include?
2. Reema: We could have a talent show. Many students can showcase
their talents.
3. Lalit: Great idea! We could also have a science exhibition. It would
be fun.
4. Mr Johnson: Both ideas sound good. We must decide on the date
first. Shall we book the auditorium for next Friday?
5. Reema: Next Friday might work, but we must confirm with the
admin.
6. Lalit: I will check with the office. I can ask if the auditorium is free.
7. Mr Johnson: Thanks, Lalit. Reema, you should start making a list
of participants. We must ensure everyone gets a chance.
Participles
A. Identify whether the verbs in the given sentences are in present
participles (PP) or past participles (PA).
1. The running water was clean and cold. - PP

36 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 2. She is finishing her homework sincerely. - PP
3. The loud party music kept the neighbours awake. - PA
4. I saw a broken mirror on the floor. - PA
5. The shining stars lit up the night sky. - PP
6. The baked beans smelled delicious. - PA
7. The singing bird perched on the tree. - PP
B. 1. She carefully placed the broken vase on the table.
2. The interesting book kept me engaged for hours.
3. The speeding car sped past us on the highway.
4. The blooming flowers in the garden attracted many bees.
5. The crying baby slept soundly in the crib.
C. Mr Brown enjoyed listening to the birds singing every morning. One
day, while walking in the forest, he found a fallen tree blocking his
path. Taking a new route, he discovered a house with a broken door
and met a smiling woman who needed help to repair it. They worked
together, with the villagers joining in.
One evening, the woman revealed a hidden treasure in the forest.
They spent hours digging and found glittering jewels. They shared
the treasure with the villagers, bringing prosperity and strengthening
their friendship.

WORD-WISE
A. 1. Greed - Greedy
2. Ambition - Ambitious
3. Fortune - Fortunate
4. Envy - Envious
5. Cowardice - Cowardly
B. 1. Young children show curiosity about toys.
2. My younger brother stood third in the race.
3. Life has become easier with the advancement in technology.
4. I hope the lawyer didn’t ask any awkward questions.
5. She was filled with longing to hear her son’s voice again.

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 37
DICTIONARY
(Unscramble)
1. TINRUITON - Nutrition 2. SSETRS - Stress
3. CXEREEIS - Exercise 4. YDTHAIRON - Hydration
WRITE
Advertisement Writing
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Rejuvenate mind, body, and soul with our exclusive health retreat,
designed to recharge your spirit and promote well-being. Enjoy daily
yoga, nutritious meals, and relaxation therapies in a serene, natural
setting.
Don’t wait to transform your life! Call now and take the first step toward
a healthier you!
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EXTENDED READING
1. The CBSE Happiness Curriculum has shown significant positive
impacts on students’ mental health and well-being. Teachers across
100 CBSE schools reported a noticeable improvement in students’
behavior, with 92% observing positive changes. Additionally, 85% of
teachers noted improved attention spans among students participating
in the curriculum. Over time, this curriculum has promoted emotional
literacy, self-awareness, mindfulness, and interpersonal skills, fostering
a more supportive and stress-free learning environment. Long-term
benefits may include enhanced emotional resilience, better coping
strategies for academic pressures, and an overall improvement in
students’ social and academic outcomes. The curriculum’s structured
approach to emotional education helps students manage stress, which
may contribute to healthier mental well-being throughout their lives.
2. CBSE has designed the Happiness Curriculum to be culturally relevant
and accessible by incorporating age-appropriate and repeatable
content that resonates with students from diverse backgrounds.
Activities such as storytelling, meditation, value education, and
reflective discussions are structured to be inclusive, allowing all
students to participate regardless of cultural or social backgrounds.
Psychologists, educators, and academics have contributed to the
development of the curriculum, ensuring that it addresses common
emotional and social challenges faced by students in India.

38 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 8. FINE LINE
PRE-READING
I once rushed through a project to meet a deadline, which led to mistakes
that took longer to fix than if I’d worked carefully from the start. This
taught me the importance of balancing speed with accuracy. Now, I focus
on planning and attention to detail, which helps me deliver better results
and manage my time more effectively. (Answers may vary.)
CHAPTER QUESTIONS (PG NO 72,73)
1. No, it’s not wise to try dangerous acts just for the thrill or to impress
others. While it might seem exciting in the moment, such actions can
lead to serious injuries or even worse. To stop friends from trying
risky acts, I would remind them of the possible consequences and
encourage them to think about their safety. I might also suggest safer,
fun alternatives or talk to them about setting positive examples rather
than risking harm.
2. Yes, Aiden learned a valuable lesson from his accident. He realized that
bravery is not about taking careless risks but about being responsible
and knowing his limits. This setback made him more cautious and
helped him grow both as a cyclist and as a person. I have heard of
similar incidents, where people learned important lessons after
experiencing injuries or close calls due to risky behavior. Often, these
experiences serve as a wake-up call, teaching them the importance of
safety and responsible decision-making.
ANSWER ORALLY
1. Taking risks that endanger one’s life is not wise. While some risks
are essential for growth, dangerous actions often have serious
consequences and can lead to injuries or worse. It’s smarter to evaluate
risks carefully and make choices that keep us safe.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
A. 1. (c) Personal growth and understanding your limits are crucial in
sports.
2. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. “I am the superhero, daring and brave. I dare to do things most people
fear of attempting.”
1. (c) fearless and without caution.
2. (b)

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 39
READ AND ANSWER
1. (a) False (F) (b) True (T) (c) False (F)
(d) True (T) (e) False (F)
2. Aiden let go of the handlebars to show off his balance, which was
careless and led to his accident.
3. Aiden’s friends called for an ambulance because he was injured in the
fall and needed immediate medical attention.
4. Due to his injury, Aiden was unable to compete in the nationals that
year, crushing his dream of winning.
THINK AND ANSWER
1. Aiden would likely advise them to practice caution, respect their
limits, and focus on skill-building rather than taking unnecessary
risks for thrills. He might emphasize that true bravery is shown by
staying safe and wise.
2. Aiden’s accident taught him that bravery must be balanced with
responsibility. This realization marked his shift from seeking attention
through stunts to pursuing excellence with maturity and caution,
helping him grow both as an athlete and a person.
3. The coach played a crucial role in helping Aiden reflect on his actions
and guiding him towards a safer, more responsible approach to
cycling. This support was effective as it encouraged Aiden to focus
on becoming a champion with integrity and wisdom, rather than
recklessness.
4. Before: Aiden’s critical mistake was mistaking thrill-seeking and risky
actions for bravery, ignoring warnings from friends and family.
After: He corrected this by adopting a more cautious approach,
focusing on skill and responsibility rather than impressing others.
REFERENCE TO CONTEXT
(a) Main characteristic of the ‘new Aiden’: He is wiser and understands
the importance of balancing bravery with caution.
(b) Applying the lesson to daily life: Aiden can apply this lesson by
approaching everyday tasks responsibly, thinking through his
actions rather than acting impulsively.
(c) Importance of being brave and wise: For Aiden, bravery paired
with wisdom ensures that he can take on challenges without
endangering himself, helping him succeed safely and sustainably.

40 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE
Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.
RESEARCH-BASED, LIFE SKILLS
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.
LISTEN
Mary Kom is one of India’s most celebrated (a) boxers. Coming from a (b)
modest background in Manipur, she became a (c) six-time world boxing
champion through determination and (d) perseverance. Mary Kom faced
many challenges, including (e) socioeconomic barriers and limited access
to (f) training facilities. Despite societal pressure, Mary Kom’s(g) tenacity
never waned. Mary Kom’s story aligns with the theme of overcoming
adversity through (h) resilience and determination. Her career illustrates
the importance of (i) persistence, courage, and hard work in achieving
dreams despite obstacles.
TALK
Speech on Overcoming Adversity
“Good morning, everyone. Today, I’d like to share some thoughts on
overcoming adversity, a theme illustrated beautifully through Aiden’s
story. Aiden’s journey teaches us that true growth often comes from
difficult moments. His accident, though a setback, was a turning point
where he learned the difference between courage and carelessness. It
taught him to be responsible, resilient, and focused on what truly matters.
Similarly, each of us faces challenges in life, whether big or small. But
like Aiden, we have the power to choose how we respond. We can either
let setbacks hold us back, or we can learn from them, grow stronger, and
move forward with greater wisdom. This doesn’t just apply to sports but
to every goal we pursue.
Overcoming adversity isn’t easy, but it’s how we develop the traits of
persistence and resilience. These are qualities that, like Aiden, make us
champions in our own right. So, let’s embrace challenges as opportunities
to grow and remember that true strength lies in our ability to rise again,
wiser and more determined. Thank you.”
GRAMMAR
A. 1. Akbar was very small when he began to rule the kingdom.
2. The magician tried to entertain the audience.
3. Father promised to buy a new computer on my birthday.
4. The teacher refused to listen to any of the excuses he made.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 41
B. 1. Walking in the park every morning is refreshing. - G
2. The running water created a soothing sound. - P
3. They watched the rising sun with awe. - P
4. Reading books helps improve vocabulary. - G
Adverbs
A. 1. She sings beautifully. - Adverb of Manner (AM)
2. They will arrive tomorrow. - Adverb of Time (T)
3. The children are playing outside. - Adverb of Place (P)
4. He rarely makes mistakes. - Adverb of Frequency (F)
5. When will you go out to play? - Interrogative Adverb
B. 1. They have lived here always.
2. I will see you soon.
3. He never skips breakfast.
4. The movie was very interesting.
5. She certainly knew the answer.
C. 1. He drives recklessly.
2. She finished her homework slowly.
3. They rarely go to the park.
4. The room is extremely clean.
5. She probably knows the answer.
D. (a) yesterday (b) very (c) outside
(d) always (e) because (f) definitely
WORD-WISE
1. When Aiden’s bike collided with a rock, he lost control and crashed.
2. After the accident, Aiden was devastated about missing the nationals.
3. His coach’s words gave him hope and a new perspective on how to
approach cycling.
4. Aiden’s return to the sport was marked by a more cautious attitude.
DICTIONARY
1. Aiden was sad in the hospital.
2. Aiden scrambled to regain control.
3. This is not the end.
4. Aiden will return wiser next year.

42 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
WRITE
Formal Letter
Aiden
Greenwood High School
Delta Town
5th November 2024
The Event Coordinator
Inter-School Cycling Championship
[Event Address]
Dear Sir/Madam
Subject: Request for Information on Inter-School Cycling Championship
I am writing to express my interest in participating in the upcoming Inter-
School Cycling Championship. I would be grateful if you could provide
me with details regarding the date, venue, eligibility criteria, and any
preparation sessions organized for participants.
Participating in this event is very important to me, and I wish to prepare
effectively. Any additional information would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you for your time and assistance.
Yours sincerely
Aiden
EXTENDED READING
1. Yuvraj Singh demonstrated resilience, courage, and determination
during his battle with cancer. These qualities helped him endure the
physical and emotional challenges of cancer treatment and gave him
the strength to return to cricket. His resilience enabled him to push
through the difficulties of recovery, while his determination kept
his focus on resuming his career, making his return to the field an
inspiring accomplishment.
2. Yuvraj’s experience with cancer made returning to his previous
performance level challenging, but his presence on the field was itself
a victory. His story conveys a message of hope, perseverance, and
the power of the human spirit to overcome even the most daunting
adversities. It encourages others to confront their struggles with
courage and to never give up, highlighting that true victory lies in
resilience and persistence.

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 43
 9. UNYIELDING
SUMMARY
The poem describes a journey of perseverance and resilience. The speaker
treads a challenging path where others have hesitated or given up, yet
they move forward with unwavering determination. With each step, they
face steep mountains, wide rivers, and obstacles on all sides. However, a
burning fire within fuels their ascent, allowing them to overcome each fall
and rise again.
Symbolism is used throughout the poem to convey deeper meanings,
such as the “stars” representing high aspirations. The speaker’s spirit is
unshakable despite critics and doubters, as they believe that their destiny
is theirs to shape. Each failure becomes a source of strength, reinforcing
their resolve to reach their dreams. With a fierce heart and a strong will,
they push through barriers, aiming for greatness symbolized by the stars.
The poem celebrates the courage to face life’s storms, portraying success
as a dance between strength and humility, a “waltz of the meek.”
Overall, the poem reflects themes of resilience, inner strength, and the
power of determination in the face of adversity.
PRE-READING
Scale Aspect Poor Average Good Excellent Outstanding
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Strategies 
Habits 
Goals 
Achievements 
Desires 
Overall Success 
(Answer may vary.)
ENJOYING THE POEM
The “fire” within the speaker’s heart symbolizes inner strength and
determination, driving them forward despite challenges.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
A. 1. (b) overcoming tough challenges
(a) Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and Reason R is the
correct explanation of Assertion A.

44 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
B. 1. (b) The poet is indifferent to other people’s opinions.
2. (d)
A LITTLE MORE OF THE POEM
1. The poem inspires us to face challenges with resilience and inner
strength. By staying focused on our goals and not letting setbacks
discourage us, we can push through difficulties, just as the poet does
in the face of obstacles.
2. The poet uses the mountain to represent steep challenges and the
storm to symbolize difficulties that test one’s resolve. These elements
show the persistence needed to push through adversities and continue
the journey.
3. Yes, the symbols effectively convey resilience. Mountains and storms
serve as powerful metaphors for life’s challenges, highlighting that
overcoming them requires strength and determination.
4. Like a river carving its way through stone, I persist, flowing around
obstacles and pushing forward with strength. My journey, like a tree
weathering each season, is marked by resilience. Though storms may
shake me, my roots are deep, and I stand firm, growing stronger with
each challenge.
ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE
Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.
DIGITAL LITERACY
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.
GRAMMAR
A. 1. She writes in her journal every night. - Simple Present
2. They are playing football in the park. - Present Continuous
3. He has finished his homework. - Present Perfect
4. I have been living here for ten years. - Present Perfect Continuous
5. The sun rises in the east. - Simple Present
6. She has been cooking dinner since evening. - Present Perfect
Continuous
B. 1. Every morning, she drinks (drink) a cup of coffee.
2. Right now, they are studying (study) for their exams.
3. I have bought (buy) that book just now.
4. I have been reading (read) this book for the past two weeks.
5. She usually goes (go) to the gym after work.
6. Neeta has left (left) for home just now.

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 45
C. 1. She watches TV. (Simple Present)
2. He is playing the guitar. (Present Continuous)
3. They have visited the museum. (Present Perfect)
4. I have been cooking the food. (Present Perfect Continuous)
D. 1. Incorrect: She have been studying all night.
Correct: She has been studying all night.
2. Incorrect: They eats dinner at 7 pm every day.
Correct: They eat dinner at 7 pm every day.
3. Incorrect: I am read this book for last two hours.
Correct: I am reading this book for the last two hours.
4. Incorrect: Rajan has finish his work.
Correct: Rajan has finished his work.

10. LETTER ‘A’

PRE-READING
I once faced the challenge of giving a presentation to my class. To
overcome my nervousness, I practiced in front of friends and family. On
the day, I still felt anxious but pushed through, focusing on my message.
It wasn’t perfect, but I was proud to have faced my fear, and it boosted my
confidence for future presentations. (Answer may vary.)
CHAPTER QUESTIONS (89, 90)
1. If I had been in the author’s mother’s place, I would feel heartbroken
but would hold onto hope and determination, just as his mother did. I
would strive to find ways to support and encourage my child, despite
the doctors’ opinions, believing that with patience and persistence,
my child could still find a way to express himself and achieve his
potential.
2. Yes, the author shows a remarkable drive and determination, especially
in the way he manages to draw the letter “A” with his left foot. His
mother’s faith and support also play a vital role in his journey. With
continued practice and encouragement, he could develop his reading
and writing skills, overcoming physical limitations to communicate
through written words. His future holds the promise of self-expression
and a new sense of freedom through writing, as seen in his first success
with the letter “A.”
46 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
ANSWER ORALLY
If Christy’s family had believed the doctors’ negative prediction, his life
might have been very different. Without their encouragement, Christy
may never have discovered his ability to communicate through writing.
Family support provided him with hope, patience, and the drive to
push past his physical limitations, demonstrating the powerful impact a
supportive environment has on overcoming challenges.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
A. 1. (c) His mother started teaching him how to write.
2. (a) Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and Reason R is the
correct explanation of Assertion A.
B. 1. (b) They found him interesting but believed he had no future.
(d)
READ AND ANSWER
1. (a) True (T) (b) False (F)
(c) True (T) (d) False (F)
(e) True (T)
2. Christy had cerebral palsy, which restricted his control over his body.
He could not control his hands, head, or jaw and had difficulty sitting
up without support. His only reliable movement was in his left foot.
3. Christy’s mother refused to accept the doctors’ opinion and continued
to believe in his potential. She took it upon herself to encourage and
support him, helping him develop his ability to communicate and
express himself.
THINK AND ANSWER
1. Problems to Cater Example Tools/Technologies
Improved communication Speech-to-text software,
adaptive keyboards
Enhanced writing capabilities Voice recognition software,
adaptive keyboards
Better mobility and independence Electric wheelchairs, mobility
aids
Access to education Online learning platforms,
educational apps
Increased social interaction Social media, video calling
platforms

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 47
2. Christy’s family, especially his mother, showed unwavering support
by encouraging him to explore his potential. They provided emotional
strength, refused to accept medical opinions, and celebrated his
achievements. This strong support system enabled Christy to express
himself and pursue his goals.
3. Christy Brown’s story powerfully conveys his experiences with
cerebral palsy by describing the physical and emotional struggles
he faced. His determination to write the letter “A” despite immense
difficulty and his family’s reactions help readers understand his
journey and the resilience required to overcome his challenges.
4. I would design a lightweight, wearable device attached to Christy’s
left foot, allowing him to write or type with ease. The device would
include a flexible stylus for writing on any surface and a touch-
sensitive pad for typing, along with voice recognition software for
additional input. It would be designed for easy control and require
minimal physical effort.

REFERENCE TO CONTEXT
1. (a) I drew the letter ‘A’.
(b) I looked up.
(c) I saw my mother’s face for a moment, tears on her cheeks.
(d) My father stooped and hoisted me onto his shoulder.
2. letter : draw :: father : hoist
3. SituationWhat Does This Tell Us
My father stooped and hoisted me onto his shoulder Christy’s father
was proud and supportive of his achievement.

ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE

Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.

EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.

LISTEN
1. True (T) 2. False (F) 3. True (T)
4. False (F) 5. True (T)

48 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
TALK
Research And Present: Famous Personalities Who Defied All Odds
For this activity, research well-known individuals who overcame severe
physical challenges to achieve greatness. Here are a few examples to get
started:
1. Stephen Hawking - Despite his ALS diagnosis, he became a leading
physicist and author, inspiring millions.
2. Helen Keller - Deaf and blind from a young age, she learned to
communicate and became a renowned author and activist.
3. Nick Vujicic - Born without arms and legs, he became a motivational
speaker, advocating resilience and self-belief.
4. SudhaChandran - An Indian classical dancer who continued her
career after losing a leg, showcasing strength and passion.
When presenting, discuss how these personalities taught us the power
of resilience, positivity, and never giving up. Explain how their journeys
inspire us to face our challenges with courage and determination.
GRAMMAR
A. 1. When I woke up, it was raining heavily.
2. She had finished her homework before she went out to play.
3. They had already left when we arrived.
4. While we were walking to school, we saw an accident.
5. He told me that he had been to Paris twice.
B. 1. Manoj participated in the app development competition with a
laptop loaned to him. (Simple Past)
2. Anu’s classmates had been mocking her for not having her laptop.
(Past Perfect Continuous)
3. Ravi had won the competition and kept the laptop. (Past Perfect)
4. The company was continuing to develop its app, making it
popular among students. (Past Continuous)
C. Geeta Sood, the Principal, launched the campaign ‘Keep Your City
Clean’ at Knowledge Tree Public School. The staff and the students
(a) had participated in the function last year. The teachers (b) had
briefed the students about the campaign earlier. They (c) had told
them earlier so as not to litter public places. The teachers (d) had
discussed the importance of cleanliness and (e) had instructed them
to refrain from spitting in public places or anywhere in the school
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 49
 before the students attended the launch of the campaign. Much before
the launch, preparations (f) had started on a positive note and made a
visit to the nearby areas.
WORD-WISE
ACROSS
1. delegate (to allot work to teammates)
2. Wednesday (the day after Tuesday)
3. ache (synonym of pain)
4. visit (I meet my friends on Sundays)
5. violence (aggression)
DOWN
2. weave (Spiders weave their web)
6. emu (a bird found in Australia)
7. grow
8. society (People should live peacefully in a society)
9. yolk (the home of the embryo in an egg)
DICTIONARY
1. I only have coins with me and that’s a cash-only system.
2. I want to put a child seat in the car; it really makes toddlers safer while
driving.
3. All the window frames in the house have to be repainted.
4. I worked at night for so long that when I finally started to do some
day work, I found it strange.
WRITE
Article Writing
Overcoming Challenges with Resilience and Determination
Christy Brown’s story, “Letter A,” is an inspiring example of resilience
and determination. Born with cerebral palsy, Christy faced immense
physical limitations but had a profound desire to communicate. With the
unwavering support of his family, especially his mother, he learned to
write by controlling his left foot. His story shows that family support is
often the foundation of courage, providing encouragement and strength
in the face of difficult challenges.
People with special needs often confront societal barriers and physical
challenges that make even small achievements monumental. Christy’s
50 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
journey highlights the importance of family and community support in
empowering individuals with disabilities to realize their potential. His
determination to overcome obstacles teaches us that everyone has the
potential to achieve something meaningful with persistence and faith in
oneself.
This story encourages us to foster compassion and inclusivity, recognizing
the potential in everyone. Christy Brown’s journey shows that resilience
can lead to incredible accomplishments, and his example inspires us to
face our own challenges with courage and determination.
EXTENDED READING
1. Dr K SRajanna’s physical challenge motivated him to advocate
for individuals with special needs, as he understood firsthand the
difficulties they faced. His experience with polio and the resulting
disabilities inspired him to establish Shine Disabled Industries, where
he employed and supported people with disabilities, creating a
platform for their empowerment and inclusion.
2. Dr Rajanna’s work has profoundly impacted society’s view of
individuals with special needs, challenging stereotypes and
showcasing the capabilities of differently-abled people. Through
his achievements in business, sports, and social advocacy, he has
inspired a more inclusive environment in Karnataka and beyond,
demonstrating that individuals with disabilities can contribute
meaningfully to society.

11. WHEELS OF RESILIENCE

PRE-READING
Supportive friends, family, and mentors help us achieve our goals by
providing encouragement, guidance, and motivation. They lift us during
setbacks, celebrate our successes, and strengthen our confidence. My
most supportive person is [insert name], who always believes in me and
reminds me of my strengths. In class, we can share who supports us and
how they inspire us.
(Answers may vary)
CHAPTER QUESTIONS (PG 101, 102)
1. No, the passerby’s attitude will likely not affect Jamie’s confidence.
Jamie has already shown resilience by ignoring negative comments
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 51
 from others, focusing instead on his own goals and the encouragement
he receives from supportive people like his teammates and mentor.
This strong foundation helps him to maintain his confidence, even in
the face of criticism.
2. Jamie’s words offer a commitment to inspire and uplift others with
special needs. By saying “Together, we can accomplish anything,” he
promises support, inclusivity, and hope to those who may feel limited
by their circumstances. Jamie’s journey shows that with determination
and encouragement, people with special needs can achieve their
dreams and inspire others.
ANSWER ORALLY
Sensitivity Towards All
Yes, I agree that people with special needs often feel left out when
encountering physical barriers in public places. These barriers limit their
independence and make it difficult to access spaces that should be available
to everyone. By ensuring accessible facilities, like ramps, elevators, and
clear pathways, we create a more inclusive environment where everyone
feels welcome and respected.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
A. 1. (c) He discovered a wheelchair basketball team.
2. (a) Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and Reason R is the
correct explanation of Assertion A.
B. 1. (b) Jamie brought about a change in people’s way of thinking.
2. (d) Jamie was bringing new hopes for people with special needs
to the town.
READ AND ANSWER
1. (a) True (T) (b) False (F)
(c) True (T) (d) True (T)
(e) False (F)
2. Jamie joined the wheelchair basketball team because it gave him a
sense of belonging and allowed him to participate in a sport that he
could enjoy despite his physical limitations.
3. Coach Miller’s encouragement helped Jamie see his potential as an
athlete. His positive reinforcement made Jamie believe in himself,
boosting his confidence and motivation to improve.
52 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
4. Jamie helped his community by organising workshops, support
groups, and awareness campaigns. Through these activities, he
fostered a culture of inclusivity and demonstrated that people with
special needs have talents and abilities that should be recognized and
celebrated.
THINK AND ANSWER
1. Jamie used his mother’s words as a source of motivation. He reminded
himself of her encouragement during difficult moments, which
strengthened his resolve to prove his abilities in sports and art.
2. Playing basketball helped Jamie feel a sense of accomplishment and
pride. Being part of a team where he was valued for his abilities gave
him confidence that extended beyond the basketball court.
3. Community support was essential to Jamie’s success, as it provided
encouragement, acceptance, and the resources he needed to showcase
his talents. This support also reinforced the importance of inclusivity,
helping Jamie feel respected and motivated to continue his work.
4. Jamie faced scepticism and prejudice from some members of the
community who doubted his abilities. He overcame these challenges
by staying focused on his goals, gathering supportive friends and
mentors, and proving his worth through his achievements.
5. As a community leader, I would install ramps, elevators, and
accessible restroom facilities. I’d ensure that sidewalks are wide and
smooth, provide seating areas, and implement visual and auditory
guides for those with sensory needs. Regular training would also be
conducted for staff to promote sensitivity and assistance.
REFERENCE TO CONTEXT
1. (a) Jamie organised workshops.
2. SituationWhat This Tells About Jamie’s Approach
Jamie organised workshops, support groups, and campaigns.
Jamie fostered a culture of inclusivity and acceptance.
3. support : inclusivity :: workshops : awareness
ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE
Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.
NEP ACTIVITY
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 53
LISTEN
1. (b) Beethoven’s struggle with hearing impairment
2. (c) using a hearing aid
3. (c) Symphony No. 9 in D minor
TALK
Inspirational Speech
To inspire teamwork, collaboration, and experiential learning, follow
these steps for your speech:
1. Reflect on personal challenges: Think of challenges or fears you have
faced or are facing. Write them down, and consider how they have
impacted you.
2. Team Collaboration: Form groups of four and take turns sharing
your experiences with each other. Discuss whether you’ve managed
to overcome these challenges or are still working on them.
3. Choose a Speaker: Select the person in your group who communicates
the experience most inspirationally to share their story with the class.
4. Class Presentation: The chosen speaker will have two minutes
to deliver a motivating speech to the class. Focus on resilience,
determination, and lessons learned from overcoming challenges.
GRAMMAR
A. 1. By next month, Sunita will have completed her thesis.
Future Perfect
2. He will be travelling to Europe this time next year.
Future Continuous
3. They will finish the report by tomorrow evening.
Simple Future
4. I will have been living in New York for three years by next
summer.
Future Perfect Continuous
5. She will call you as soon as she arrives.
Simple Future
B. 1. By the time you get here, I ..........................the dinner.
(c) will have cooked
2. At 5 pm tomorrow, we ..........................a meeting.
(b) will be attending
54 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 3. She ..........................her book by next week.
(c) will have finished
4. In a few years, he ..........................this job for a decade.
(c) will have been doing
C. 1. By 2025, I ................................................ (graduate) from university.
will have graduated
2. Tomorrow at 8 pm, we .................................. (have) dinner at our
favourite restaurant.
will be having
3. By the time you arrive, we ................................................ (finish) the
project.
will have finished
4. Next year, she ................................................ (study) in Paris.
will be studying
5. By next month, they ................................................ (live) here for
two years.
will have been living
D. 1. She eats breakfast at 7 am. (Simple Future)
She will eat breakfast at 7 am.
2. They are working on a new design. (Future Continuous)
They will be working on a new design.
3. I have written three reports this week. (Future Perfect)
I will have written three reports this week.
4. Amit will work on the project next month. (Future Perfect
Continuous)
Amit will have been working on the project next month.
E. 1. (a) will host
2. (b) will be attending
3. (c) will look
4. (d) will give
5. (e) will have been completed
6. (f) will be performing
7. (g) will have travelled
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 55
 8. (h) will have experienced
9. (i) will be
10. (j) will start
11. (k) will end
12. (l) will have been celebrating
13. (m) will return
14. (n) will remain
15. (o) will be talking
WORD-WISE
Column A Column B Column C
mountain towering towering mountain
novel gripping gripping novel
performance stellar stellar performance
solution innovative innovative solution
friendship enduring enduring friendship

Fill in the blanks.

1. towering mountain 2. gripping novel
3. stellar performance 4. innovative solution
5. enduring friendship
SPELL
1. garden 2. principal
3. practise 4. excited
5. recommend
EXTENDED READING
1. Stephen Hawking challenged ideas by proving that intellectual
capabilities can thrive despite physical limitations. His career
likely helped change policies by promoting inclusivity in science,
emphasizing the potential of individuals with disabilities.
2. Hawking simplified complex ideas about black holes and the universe,
making them accessible through his writings, especially in A Brief
History of Time, which made difficult concepts understandable for
the general public.
56 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 12. BRAVERY PLEDGE (POEM)
SUMMARY
The poem Bravery Pledge reflects the poet’s vow to live life boldly and
with purpose, refusing to be held back by fear. The poet contrasts true
bravery with a common misconception: bravery is not about living without
fear but rather about moving forward despite fear. The poet declares their
determination to face challenges directly, standing up for their dreams
and values even if it means standing alone. They choose to live without
regrets, unwilling to look back and wonder what might have been.
The baseball metaphor in the poem illustrates the poet’s resilience and
willingness to keep striving, even if they fail or “strike out.” Ultimately,
the poet believes in giving their best effort, holding onto the hope that
their dreams may come true.
The poem emphasizes the values of courage, resilience, and self-
commitment, encouraging readers to embrace life’s challenges with a
positive and fearless attitude.
ENJOYING THE POEM
‘And’ is another example of anaphora used.
A. 1. (c) striking out in the batter’s box
2. (a) Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and Reason R is the
correct explanation of Assertion A.
B. 1. The poem describes true (a) bravery as living despite (b) fear.
The poet vows to follow his (c) dreams and not stand on the (d)
sidelines of life. He is determined to (e) stand up, face challenges
without (f) cowering and inspire others with his (g) bravery.
2. (b) It encourages others to be brave, too.
A LITTLE MORE OF THE POEM
1. The poet promises to be true to himself and his dreams, standing up
for what he believes in.
2. The poet acknowledges that true bravery involves acting despite fear,
so he chooses to face his fears to live a fulfilling life without regret.
3. The poet is determined, courageous, and committed to living
authentically, embracing challenges without fear of failure.
4. These phrases reflect the poet’s willingness to take risks and pursue his
dreams, regardless of the outcome, and symbolize his determination
to “step up” and face life’s challenges.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 57
ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE
Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.
LIFE SKILLS
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.
GRAMMAR
A. 1. Hitesh was honoured for his bravery.
2. She took a stand against injustice.
3. Shiren was in the spotlight on stage.
4. His bravery shone through tough times.
5. They climbed up the mountain.
B. • Teacher: Please put your recycled materials in the bin.
Student: Do we place them in the blue bin or the green one?
• Environmental Activist: We need to schedule the cleanup event
on Saturday.
Volunteer: Should we meet at the park entrance at 9 am?
• Friend 1: Let’s plant trees in the community garden.
Friend 2: Sure, I’ll bring some saplings from home.
• Parent: Can you take these glass bottles to the recycling centre?
Child: Yes, I’ll put them in the box and then drive them to the
recycling centre.
• Park Ranger: Walk along the trail and make sure to pick up any
litter you see on the path.
Hiker: Should we stop at the picnic area?
• Colleague 1: I left the environmental report on your desk.
Colleague 2: Thanks! I’ll review it during lunch.
• Resident: Is there a compost facility in this area?
Neighbour: Yes, it’s near the community centre, just walk past the
building.
• Tourist: Where is the wildlife sanctuary?
Guide: It’s across the river, directly over the hill.

13. ASHOKA-QUEST FOR PEACE -1

PRE-READING
Yes, I once had a moment that shifted how I think about resilience and
empathy. During a volunteering experience at a community center, I met
58 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
a young boy who faced numerous challenges in life, including a difficult
home situation and limited resources for school. Despite these hardships,
he was incredibly positive, always smiling, and motivated to learn.
Spending time with him made me realize how much strength it takes to
remain hopeful when things are tough. It inspired me to appreciate what
I have and to be more supportive and compassionate toward others. This
experience changed my perspective; now, whenever I face a challenge,
I remind myself of his optimism and resilience. It taught me that our
attitude and kindness can make a huge difference, not just for ourselves
but also for others around us.
(Answer may vary.)
CHAPTER QUESTIONS
(PG NO. 117,118)
1. Ashoka may not initially heed Radhagupta’s advice because he is
focused on expanding his empire and proving his might. His ambition
and desire for power likely overshadow his advisor’s cautionary
words. However, Radhagupta’s wise counsel plants a seed of doubt,
and this foreshadows the possibility of a later change in Ashoka’s
heart, especially once he confronts the reality and consequences of war.
2. Yes, Ashoka should have listened to Radhagupta’s advice, as it would
have spared thousands of lives and prevented the immense suffering
that the Battle of Kalinga caused. Radhagupta’s warning about the
costs of conquest reflects wisdom and empathy, reminding Ashoka of
the human consequences behind his ambitions. Had Ashoka heeded
this advice, he might have avoided the devastating war and achieved
greatness through compassion and peace rather than bloodshed.
ANSWER ORALLY
Yes, all nations can benefit from adopting the message learned in the
story of Ashoka. The message emphasises the importance of compassion,
non-violence and considering the consequences of conflict, which are
universally valuable principles for maintaining peace and harmony.
In the story, Ashoka starts as a fierce conqueror, driven by ambition to
expand his empire through war. However, after witnessing the devastating
aftermath of the Battle of Kalinga, where thousands of lives were lost, he
experiences a profound change of heart. He realises that the cost of war,
especially the suffering of innocent people, is far greater than the glory
of conquest. This turning point leads Ashoka to embrace non-violence,
Buddhism and the idea of ruling with compassion and peace rather than
force.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 59
This message is essential for all nations because it promotes the idea
that true strength comes not from conquest but from understanding,
compassion and caring for the well-being of others. For example, Ashoka’s
transformation shows that even powerful rulers can choose a path of
peace, leading to a prosperous and enlightened society. Nations today,
many of which face conflicts, can learn from Ashoka’s story by striving for
diplomatic solutions, considering the long-term consequences of violence
and promoting values of empathy and care for their citizens.
By adopting these principles, nations can work toward a more peaceful
and just world, much like how Ashoka’s legacy became one of moral
strength and enlightenment rather than warfare and destruction.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (ANSWERS)
A. 1. (b) the sight of the wreckage of war
2. (b) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. 1. paved with the bodies of innocents : violence :: peace and kindness :
(c) harmony
2. (b)
READ AND ANSWER
1. (a) Ashoka was initially known as a peaceful ruler before the Battle of
Kalinga. – False
(b) Ashoka’s advisor, Radhagupta, warned him about the dangers of
conquering Kalinga. – True
(c) The Battle of Kalinga marked a victory for Ashoka and his empire.
– True
(d) After witnessing the aftermath of the Battle of Kalinga, Ashoka
decided to embrace violence and expand his empire further. – False
(e) Ashoka’s decision to adopt Buddhism and dedicate his rule to
spreading peace and moral law came before the Battle of Kalinga.
– False
2. Radhagupta was Ashoka’s wise and compassionate advisor who
cautioned him against the conquest of Kalinga, warning him about the
heavy cost of war. His advice planted seeds of doubt and ultimately
guided Ashoka towards compassion and peace after witnessing the
devastating impact of the Battle of Kalinga.
3. Ashoka decided to shun violence and embrace a path of peace,
compassion, and Buddhism. This decision reflected his transformation
from a fierce warrior driven by conquest to a ruler committed to moral
values and the well-being of his people, marking a significant shift in
his character.
60 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
THINK AND ANSWER
1. Ashoka’s story demonstrates the importance of foresight and
empathy. It shows that the consequences of one’s ambitions can bring
immense suffering. By learning from Ashoka’s transformation, people
may be inspired to prioritize compassion and peaceful approaches,
understanding that success should not come at the expense of others’
well-being.
2. The immense loss of lives, the sight of suffering families, and the
devastation on the battlefield deeply moved Ashoka. These sights
made him realize the futility of conquest and ignited compassion
within him. This shift in perspective led him to abandon violence and
dedicate his rule to peace and ethical governance.
Transformation As A Ruler
• Ashoka was a fierce and ambitious warrior, focused on expanding his
empire through conquest and driven by a desire for power. His reign
was marked by military campaigns and a ruthless approach to ruling,
with little regard for the human cost of his ambitions.
• After witnessing the destruction in Kalinga, Ashoka became a
compassionate and ethical leader, dedicating his life to the principles
of Buddhism. He embraced non-violence, promoted moral law, and
committed to the welfare of his people. His rule became known for
spreading peace, compassion, and prosperity across the Mauryan
Empire, establishing a legacy that is still admired today.
3. Yes, Ashoka made the right decision, as it allowed him to focus on the
welfare of his people and promote moral values, creating a legacy of
compassion. His decision reduced conflict, enhanced prosperity, and
left a positive impact that is remembered and admired even today.
4. Alternatives to conquest could include establishing diplomatic
relations, fostering trade, or signing treaties with Kalinga. Factors like
the welfare of my people, the potential for loss of life, and the long-
term stability of the empire would influence my decision, helping me
to prioritize peaceful and mutually beneficial solutions.
REFERENCE TO CONTEXT
1. (a) The speaker indicates he/she has not changed in nature. – False
(b) The speaker decides to devote himself to peace. – True
(c) The speaker will continue to use the sword as his message. – False
2. The speaker’s decision to devote himself to peace might impact his
followers by inspiring them to adopt peaceful practices, valuing
compassion, and pursuing harmony in their own lives.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 61
3. What Happened Outcome
The speaker chose peace over the His rule becomes one of
use of the sword. compassion.
The speaker decided to change He commits to spreading peace.
his nature.
The speaker’s transformation The Mauryan Empire becomes
began. peaceful.
4. (a) positive change
ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE
Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.
LIFE SKILLS
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.
LISTEN
1. False 2. True
3. True 4. False
TALK
Mini-MUN Activity
In the mini-Model United Nations (MUN) session to resolve tensions
between the fictional countries Xanadu and Avalon, here’s a suggested
approach to peaceful diplomacy:
1. Identify Key Issues: Each delegate should identify the root causes
of conflict between Xanadu and Avalon, such as territorial disputes,
resource allocation, or economic competition.
2. Promote Dialogue: Encourage direct discussions between Xanadu
and Avalon to understand each other’s perspectives and foster trust.
3. Propose Compromise Solutions: Suggest compromises, like
establishing shared zones, creating joint economic projects, or
designating a neutral area to ease tensions.
4. Introduce Peacekeeping and Mediation Efforts: Propose a
peacekeeping committee to monitor the region, or a third-party
mediator, to maintain unbiased oversight.
5. Establish Long-Term Cooperation: Create a framework for future
diplomatic relations, involving trade agreements or cultural exchanges
to maintain positive connections.

62 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
Each student delegate can present their proposals, engage in negotiations,
and work collaboratively to draft a resolution that encourages peace and
stability in the region. This exercise will foster collaborative problem-
solving and diplomatic skills.
GRAMMAR
A. Positive Comparative Superlative
1. brave (iii) braver (a) bravest
2. fast (iv) faster (c) fastest
3. good (i) better (e) best
4. beautiful (ii) more beautiful (h) most beautiful
5. little (vii) littler (f) littlest
6. bad (v) worse (b) worst
7. much (viii) more (g) most
8. less (vi) lesser (d) least
B. 1. She is the kindest person I know. – Superlative (S)
2. This path is narrower than the other one. – Comparative (C)
3. He is happy with his new job. – Positive (P)
4. This is the most interesting book I have read. – Superlative (S)
5. The lake is deeper in the middle. – Comparative (C)
6. This is the least expensive option. – Superlative (S)
C. 1. She is the most tall girl in the class.
Error: most tall
Correction: tallest
2. He is more happier than his friend.
Error: more happier
Correction: happier
3. She is the goodest player in the team.
Error: goodest
Correction: best
4. Their house is biggest than ours.
Error: biggest
Correction: bigger
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 63
 5. That was the worse day of my life.
Error: worse
Correction: worst
6. This problem is the more difficult.
Error: more difficult
Correction: most difficult
7. He is the most richest man in town.
Error: most richest
Correction: richest
WORD-WISE
1. (b) remove 2. (d) out of control
3. (c) resembles 4. (b) disguise
Idiomatic Phrases
1. The thief was caught by the police red-handed.
2. The vintage car that my father bought is a white elephant. It is costly
to maintain.
3. She was tickled pink when all the guests at the party praised her dress.
4. We do not use plastic bags in our shop. We are going green.
5. I had not expected her to walk into the hall at that moment. Her arrival
was completely out of the blue.
6. When I saw Rohan waving his report card, I became sure that he had
passed with flying colours.
PUNCTUATE
Ashoka: “My respected council, look at our great empire. Beyond it is
Kalinga, a land of wealth and beauty that we have not yet conquered. If
we bring Kalinga under our rule, our empire will be unmatched, a symbol
of prosperity and power, a true golden realm.”
WRITE
Book Review Prompt
Write a Book Review: Choose a book that has inspired you, and discuss
its content, themes, characters, and how it motivates you to improve your
life. (Answers may vary.)
64 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
EXTENDED READING
1. Mother Teresa chose to serve the poorest of the poor because she felt a
deep calling to bring hope and dignity to those who had no one to care
for them. Her actions, filled with compassion and humility, reflect her
belief that peace begins with acts of kindness. By serving the needy,
she aimed to create a world where every person felt valued and loved.
2. We can apply Mother Teresa’s message by showing kindness in daily
interactions, helping those in need, and volunteering for community
services. Small acts, like offering a helping hand or simply listening to
someone’s troubles, can spread positivity and make people feel cared
for. Collectively, such actions contribute to a more compassionate and
peaceful world, one small gesture at a time.

14. ASHOKA QUEST FOR PEACE II

PRE-READING
If I were a ruler who had just won a great battle, I would choose to use
my power to promote peace and prosperity rather than pursue more
conquests. Expanding lands may bring glory, but it causes suffering and
instability. Instead, I’d focus on improving my people’s lives through
education, infrastructure, and justice, creating a peaceful, thriving society.
True greatness lies in uplifting others, leaving a legacy of compassion and
wisdom.
CHAPTER QUESTIONS (127,128)
1. Mahinda was unsure of Ashoka’s decision to promote peace and
compassion rather than maintaining a strong military stance. He
feared that focusing on peace might leave the empire vulnerable to
threats, comparing it to a shepherd laying down his staff, which could
allow “wolves” (enemies) to come closer. Mahinda’s concern reflects
the traditional view that an empire’s strength relies on military power
and preparedness.
2. The monuments and pillars Ashoka created were symbols of his
transformation and commitment to peace, compassion, and moral
strength. Engraved with messages of kindness and respect for life,
they served as a lasting testament to Ashoka’s ideals, guiding and
inspiring the people. These pillars represented Ashoka’s legacy,
aiming to replace his past of conquest with a foundation for a peaceful
future based on understanding and compassion.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 65
ANSWER ORALLY
How might Ashoka’s rule through peace and compassion instead of war
affect his empire’s future stability and prosperity?
Ashoka’s choice to rule through peace and compassion would likely create
a stable and prosperous future for his empire. By focusing on kindness,
education, and public welfare, he would foster a strong, loyal population
and minimize the conflicts and unrest that come with constant warfare.
His approach would also attract alliances and trade, strengthening the
economy and relationships with neighboring lands.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
A. 1. (c) moral strength and kindness
2. (c) A is true, but R is false.
B. 1. (c) Ashoka believes his peaceful actions now can make up for his
violent past.
2. (c) The stones will symbolise his transformation from a conqueror
to a peacemaker.
READ AND ANSWER
1. (a) Ashoka and Vitashoka walk among the people in the public
square.
(b) Ashoka emphasises the importance of winning hearts and
investing in people.
(c) Mahinda expresses concerns about the strength of peace and
potential threats.
(d) Ashoka and Mahinda discuss the lessons of the pillars and the
nature of true peace.
(e) Ashoka addresses his people, courtiers and family in the Royal
Palace Gardens.
(f) Ashoka reflects on the journey from war to peace and the true
conquest of hatred and fear.
(g) Ashoka declares the importance of peace and its role in providing
security and stability.
(h) The narrator reflects on Ashoka’s vision as the sun sets and the
crowd disperses.
(i) Ashoka’s reign ends, leaving a legacy of peace, kindness and
wisdom.
66 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
2. Ashoka believes that winning over enemies with compassion and
understanding creates deeper, lasting security. Friendships built on
mutual respect are stronger than security based only on weapons, as
they reduce hostility and encourage cooperation.
3. The engraved pillars serve as reminders of Ashoka’s transformation
and commitment to peace. They are symbols of moral strength,
teaching his people values of kindness, compassion, and respect,
which Ashoka hopes will guide them long after his reign.
4. Before: Ashoka’s focus was on expanding his empire through
conquest and power, often disregarding the human cost.
After: Ashoka embraces peace and compassion, seeking to protect
and uplift his people rather than dominate others, marking his legacy
with kindness rather than fear.
THINK AND ANSWER
1. Modern leaders can learn that true strength lies in compassion and
respect for humanity. Ashoka’s example shows that prioritizing
peace, education, and welfare fosters loyalty, stability, and prosperity.
Leaders today can apply these principles to create a more just and
cooperative world.
2. Ashoka’s transformation leads him to value diplomacy, compassion,
and the welfare of his people. His decisions reflect a deep commitment
to peace and ethical governance, emphasizing moral strength over
military might.
3. Yes, Ashoka’s approach is more effective as it builds lasting trust and
loyalty among his people and neighbors. Ruling through fear creates
resentment and instability, while peace and compassion encourage
unity, prosperity, and long-term stability.
4. I would suggest policies focused on education in ethics and non-
violence, the establishment of trade routes for economic growth,
cultural exchanges with neighboring regions, and public health
initiatives. These policies would reinforce peace and ensure the
welfare of the empire’s people.
REFERENCE TO CONTEXT
“We must fortify our borders and win the hearts of those beyond them.
We will invest in peace and people.”
1. (a) Ashoka suggests only strengthening military borders. – False
(b) Ashoka believes in winning the hearts of people beyond the
borders. – True
(c) Ashoka prioritises investing in peace and people. – True

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 67
2. Ashoka’s decision to invest in peace and people might impact his
empire by creating a stronger, united population and fostering alliances
with neighboring lands, leading to long-term stability and prosperity.
3. borders : fortify :: hearts : win
4. What Happened Outcome
Ashoka chose to invest in peace Greater unity and prosperity in
and people. the empire.
Ashoka decided to win the hearts Strengthened alliances and
of those beyond. reduced threats.
Ashoka emphasised fortifying Improved security and stability
borders. in the empire.
5. (a) positive change
ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE
Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.
DIGITAL LITERACY
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.
LISTEN
Ashoka: Advisor, after the battle of Kalinga, I realized the true cost of war.
I want to lead our people with (a) compassion and peace. What principle
should we focus on first?
Advisor: Your Majesty, I believe the principle of (b) non-violence is crucial.
By avoiding conflict and showing compassion, we can build a harmonious
empire.
Ashoka: You’re right. Non-violence is important. We must also focus on
our people’s well-being. What steps can we take?
Advisor: We should build (c) hospitals and (d) animal shelters for
everyone, including animals, to show our compassion and kindness.
Ashoka: Excellent idea. How can we ensure our people live with (e)
morality and ethics?
Advisor: We can carve (f) edicts on pillars and rocks throughout the
empire, encouraging honesty, generosity, and respect.
TALK
Role-Play Activity: Council Meeting on Ashoka’s Principles
In this role-play, each group member assumes a different role to discuss
and debate Ashoka’s principles of non-violence, compassion, moral living,
religious tolerance, and environmental conservation. Here’s an example
setup:
68 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
Roles:
1. Ashoka (Ruler): Leads the discussion on how to instill his principles
in the empire.
2. Advisor: Provides strategic advice on non-violence and compassionate
governance.
3. Teacher: Shares ideas on promoting moral education and tolerance in
schools.
4. Doctor: Suggests ways to improve public health, build hospitals, and
encourage humane treatment of animals.
5. Environmentalist: Recommends practices for environmental
conservation, such as protecting forests and wildlife.
Sample Script
Ashoka: I have summoned you all here to discuss how we can bring my
vision of a peaceful, compassionate empire to life. Advisor, what is our
first step?
Advisor: Your Majesty, to truly embrace non-violence, we should invest in
education and public campaigns to reduce conflict. We can use the pillars
to share messages of kindness.
Teacher: That is an excellent idea! In schools, we can teach our children
about ethics, respect for others, and religious tolerance. This way, the next
generation grows up embracing these values.
Doctor: For the well-being of our people, I suggest we establish more
hospitals and shelters for both humans and animals. Compassion should
extend to all beings.
Environmentalist: Protecting our environment is essential for a lasting
legacy. We can create protected areas for wildlife and encourage sustainable
practices. This will reflect our commitment to caring for all living things.
Ashoka: These are all excellent suggestions. Let us move forward with
dedication to building a legacy of peace and kindness in our empire.
GRAMMAR
A. 1. The chef prepares the meal.
Active Voice: The chef prepares the meal.
2. The teacher explains the lesson.
Active Voice: The teacher explains the lesson.
3. The police chased the thief.
Active Voice: The police chased the thief.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 69
 4. The committee approved the new policy.
Active Voice: The committee approved the new policy.
5. The scientist discovered a new element.
Active Voice: The scientist discovered a new element.
B. 1. She writes a letter.
Passive Voice: A letter is written by her.
2. They will build a new bridge.
Passive Voice: A new bridge will be built by them.
3. The police chased the thief.
Passive Voice: The thief was chased by the police.
4. The artist painted the mural.
Passive Voice: The mural was painted by the artist.
C. 1. Ajit: I prepared the model for our science fair project.
Karan: The model was attached by me to the presentation board.
2. Ajit: I formulated the hypothesis for the experiment.

Karan: The hypothesis was presented by me to our teacher
yesterday.
3. Ajit: I gathered the materials needed for the experiment.
Karan: The materials were bought by the store last week.
4. Ajit: I wrote the final report on the project.
Karan: The report was checked for grammar and accuracy.
5. Ajit: I organized the results of the experiment.
Karan: The results were arranged into graphs and charts.
WORD-WISE
ACROSS
3. November comes before December.
4. We have classes at 9 am.
5. Whom did you go to the movies with?
6. What’s behind the curtain?
7. He was born on May 2nd.
DOWN
1. I don’t want to go to the club now.
2. The temperature is below zero today.
3. Come and sit beside me.
70 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
4. Where do you come from?
5. I’ll be back in an hour.
6. He must be at his grandmother’s house.
7. They want to travel by bus.
8. The Nile is the longest river in the world.
9. Which way should we go, up or down the hill?
DICTIONARY
Word Completion
1. fellow member - comrade
2. looking serious - solemn
3. bad luck - misfortune
4. hold tightly on to something - clutch
5. make a gesture with the hand - motion
WRITE
Speech Writing
“Dear citizens of this empire, I stand before you not as the conqueror
I once was, but as a man transformed. In the aftermath of the Battle of
Kalinga, I came to see the pain and suffering caused by war. The true cost
of conquest is not in lands gained but in the lives lost and hearts broken.
This realization has changed me, and I vow to live by principles of peace
and compassion.
From this day forward, let our empire be one that seeks understanding over
dominance, kindness over cruelty. Together, we will work to strengthen
our bonds through non-violence, respect, and moral living. My vision is
for a future where every child is raised with the values of Dhamma, where
the strong protect the weak, and where wisdom guides our actions.
Let us build schools, hospitals, and sanctuaries for animals. Let our pillars
stand not as monuments of power but as symbols of peace. May future
generations look back on our time and see not the sword’s triumph but
the enduring power of compassion. Together, we will build a legacy that
will shine for ages.”
EXTENDED READING
1. Swami Vivekananda and Emperor Ashoka promoted peace and
harmony by embracing compassion, tolerance, and social reform.
Ashoka, after witnessing the destruction of Kalinga, turned to
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 71
 Buddhism, advocating non-violence, compassion, and respect for all
life. Similarly, Vivekananda spread the message of unity, teaching that
all religions lead to the same truth and should be respected. Despite
challenges, both leaders remained committed to social upliftment and
moral values.
2. Their ideas continue to inspire efforts for peace, tolerance, and
social justice. Ashoka’s model of compassionate governance and
Vivekananda’s vision of universal brotherhood encourage people
today to respect diversity, promote equality, and work toward
a harmonious global society. Their teachings remind us that
understanding and kindness are essential for a peaceful world.

15. GRACE UNFOLDS

SUMMARY
This poem reflects on the power of forgiveness and the peace it brings.
It begins by describing a past conflict, filled with “angry words,” like a
storm beneath a dark sky. But as the night quiets, forgiveness emerges
gently, urging a release of pain. The act of letting go is compared to leaves
falling, making space for new growth and healing in the heart.
Hands once clenched in anger reach out in peace, and eyes soften as
understanding grows. Forgiving doesn’t erase the hurt, but it lifts the
weight from one’s heart, allowing for a fresh start. The poem closes with
two individuals moving forward, leaving the past behind, strengthened
by their unity and grace. It reminds us that forgiveness clears the path
ahead, bringing light and renewed connection.
PRE-READING
Conflicts with family members or friends happen more often than we
might like, often over misunderstandings or small issues. It’s common to
look back and realize that the reason for the fight wasn’t as important or
logical as it felt in the moment. Discussing this with a partner can help
you both reflect on how easily these conflicts can arise and how often they
could be avoided by understanding each other’s perspectives.
Talking about it can also lead to ideas on handling conflicts better in the
future, like pausing before reacting, listening openly, and focusing on
finding common ground. Often, this reflection helps us see that many
disagreements are not worth the emotional energy and that understanding
and patience can prevent unnecessary arguments.
(Answers may vary.)
72 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
ENJOYING THE POEM
“Harsh words fall away, like old leaves to the ground.”
Here, “old leaves” symbolize past hurts, grudges, or negative feelings that
are released or let go, similar to how leaves fall from trees.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
A. 1. (b) the passage of time and lasting effects of past conflicts
2. (a) Both Assertion A and Reason R are true, and Reason R is the
correct explanation of Assertion A.
B. 1. (a) to show how forgiveness can be gentle and calming
2. (c)
A LITTLE MORE OF THE POEM
1. Forgiveness, like a gentle breeze, can bring calmness and help
ease tensions. In real life, it allows individuals to let go of negative
emotions gently, creating inner peace and helping relationships heal
without the need for harsh confrontations. This gentle approach
fosters understanding and a sense of relief.
2. 1. sky - fly 2. play - away
3. breeze - peace 4. ground - found
5. hold - cold 6. day - way
3. The image of “old leaves falling to the ground” symbolizes the release
of past hurts and grudges. Just as trees shed old leaves to make room
for new growth, forgiveness allows us to let go of painful memories,
clearing the way for healing and renewal.
4. The nature imagery, like the evening breeze, old trees, and falling
leaves, adds emotional depth by creating a sense of calm, renewal,
and growth. These images represent the gentle and organic process
of forgiveness, emphasizing how letting go can lead to peace and new
beginnings.
5. Description of Artwork: Imagine a drawing of a tree shedding its
old leaves under a soft evening sky, with a breeze carrying the fallen
leaves away. This reflects the theme of healing and renewal, as the
tree becomes lighter and prepares for new growth. The image of
leaves drifting away symbolizes the release of past pain, showing how
forgiveness clears the heart and brings peace, just as the tree readies
for a fresh start.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 73
ENGAGE AND ENQUIRE
Students will frame the questions and discuss their answers in groups.
DIGITAL LITERACY
Students will do the activity with the help of their teacher.
GRAMMAR
A. 1. Rahul said, “I won’t talk about thrillers.”
Correct Answer: (a) Rahul said that he would not talk about
thrillers.
2. “My cat is called the Hidden Paw,” said the poet.
Correct Answer: (b) The poet stated that his cat was called the
Hidden Paw.
3. The poet says, “My dog’s brow is deeply lined with thought.”
Correct Answer: (b) The poet observed that his dog’s brow was
deeply lined with thought.
4. Suman said, “Would you like to stay for the party, Sumit?”
Correct Answer: (a) Suman asked Sumit if he would like to stay
for the party.
B. 1. Rohan said, “I am playing soccer in the park.”
Rohan said that he was playing soccer in the park.
2. Ananya said, “I read an interesting book yesterday.”
Ananya said that she had read an interesting book the previous
day.
3. Arjun said, “I will help you with your project tomorrow.”
Arjun said that he would help me with my project the next day.
4. Priya said, “My mother is baking a cake tonight.”
Priya said that her mother was baking a cake that night.
5. Sneha said, “I can solve this math problem now.”
Sneha said that she could solve that math problem then.
6. Karan said, “I visited my grandparents last weekend.”
Karan said that he had visited his grandparents the previous
weekend.
C. 1. Neha said that she was going to the library.
Neha said, “I am going to the library.”
2. Amit said that he would join the football team next year.
Amit said, “I will join the football team next year.”
3. Sonia said that she had finished her homework.

74 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 Sonia said, “I have finished my homework.”
4. Sam said that he was reading a mystery novel.
Sam said, “I am reading a mystery novel.”
D. 1. Riya said, “We should do our project on renewable energy.”
Riya suggested that they should do their project on renewable
energy.
2. Anil replied, “That’s a fantastic idea! We can focus on solar
power.”
Anil replied that it was a fantastic idea and that they could focus
on solar power.
3. Riya said, “I will gather information about how solar panels
work.”
Riya said that she would gather information about how solar
panels work.
4. Anil suggested, “I will research the benefits of using solar energy.”
Anil suggested that he would research the benefits of using solar
energy.
5. Riya said, “Let’s meet this weekend to compile our research.”
Riya suggested that they meet that weekend to compile their
research.
6. Anil said, “I will prepare a presentation for the class.”
Anil said that he would prepare a presentation for the class.

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 75
Contents
SUPPLEMENTARY READER

1. The Ransom Of Red Chief .............................................................................. 77

2. The Thieves Who Couldn’t Stop Sneezing .................................................. 79

3. Money-Madness (Poem) . ............................................................................... 82

4. The Escape ........................................................................................................ 83

5. The Citation ...................................................................................................... 85

6. The Secret Of The Machines (Poem) ............................................................. 87

7. A Retrieved Reformation . .............................................................................. 88

8. Under The Greenwood Tree (Poem) ............................................................ 90

9. The Yellow Face ............................................................................................... 91

10. A Bitterly Cold Night ...................................................................................... 93

11. Dulce Et Decorum Est (Poem) ....................................................................... 96

12. The Chocolate-Cream Soldier ........................................................................ 97

How Much Do You Remember-I . ................................................................. 98

How Much Do You Remember-II ............................................................... 101

76 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 SUPPLEMENTARY READER

1. The Ransom Of Red Chief

Oral Activity
The two desperate men selected Ebenezer Dorset’s son as their victim
because they thought he was a prominent citizen and could give them
two thousand dollars. The victim was the only child of Ebenezer Dorset.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (c) Alabama 2. (d) all of these 3. (b) Bill
Read And Answer
1. Bill and Sam planned to kidnap the only son of a prominent citizen,
Ebenezer Dorset to earn money quickly.
2. Bill was screaming because Red Chief was sitting on his chest with
one hand twined in his hair. In the other hand, he had the sharp case-
knife used for slicing bacon and he was trying his best to take Bill’s
scalp according to the sentence that had been pronounced upon him
the evening before.
3. The victim said that he did not have such fun at home. He liked to
camp out there and hated to go to school. So he said that he did not
like to go back to home.
4. He was a boy of ten, with bas-relief freckles and hair the colour of the
cover of the magazine one buys at a news-stand of a railway station.
Think And Answer
1. Sam and Bill were two desperate men because they were unable to get
two thousand dollars in a town in Western Illinois.
2. The boy agreed to go home when Sam and Bill told the boy that his
father had bought a silver-mounted rifle and a pair of moccasins for
him.
3. Ebenezer Dorset was a very cunning person. He knew that his son
would create so much trouble for the kidnappers that they would
gladly pay money to let him go. He knew his son’s nature very well.
He was a very confident person as he made no attempts to free his son.
He was very greedy also as he demanded money from the two men.
He seems to be a hard-hearted father too.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 77
4. The situation was very different from what they had imagined when
they had kidnapped the boy. They thought they would demand 1500
dollars in cash as ransom to free the boy but now they were paying
250 dollars in cash so that his father could take him off their hands.
5. (a) The boy said this to Bill and the author.
(b) This refers to the life he was leading with the two men after they
had kidnapped him.
(c) After this the author asks the kid if he would like to go home but
the kid says that he doesn’t want to go back home because he
hates to go to school and has no fun at home. He likes to camp out.
6. (a) Bill says these words to the author.
(b) Bill says these words because the author had asked him if there
was any heart disease in his family.
(c) The listener replied that he should turn around and look behind
him.
7. No, the two desperate men did not make a wrong choice by kidnapping
the boy. They thought it would be easy to keep him because he was
only ten years old. But they didn’t know what they were in for. He
was wild and uncontrollable. They hadn’t imagined that a ten year old
would be so difficult to handle. The choice was correct but they didn’t
know anything about the boy. Anyone would think that it would be
easy to hide a ten year old.
Time For Discussion
He was confident that his son would be back and the kidnappers would
pay money to him. He knew that his son was so naughty that he would
create problems for the kidnappers.
Word Fun
A. Complete the words.
1. (d) - provision
2. (f) - industriously
3. (a) - humiliating
4. (g) - ransom
5. (c) - surreptitiously
6. (e) - proposition
7. (b) - peremptory

78 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
B. Idioms
1. body and soul – completely
2. first and foremost – of first priority
3. safe and sound – absolutely safe
4. peace and calm – very peaceful
5. life and death – very important
C. Antonym
1. dejected – (j) elated
2. lenient – (e) rigid
3. artful – (b) clumsy
4. boorish – (g) civilised
5. transparent – (f) opaque
6. catch – (i) release
7. shallow – (k) deep
8. alive – (a) dead
9. squanderer – (c) miser
10. curious – (d) uninterested
11. awkward – (h) simple
Word Quiz
(d) vigorously

2. The Thieves Who Couldn’t Stop Sneezing

Oral Activity
No, I don’t think Hubert was proud of his courage.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (c) Jerry
2. (a) expensive and impressive
3. (b) He had lost Jerry.
Read And Answer
1. (a) Hubert said that he didn’t care that he would be obstructed by
any evil force and that no highwayman would come near him as
Jerry’s legs were too quick and agile.

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 79
 (b) An unknown man with a deep voice answered the boy as
‘indeed’.
2. When Hubert entered the mansion, he saw that the door was wide
open and it was well lit. He entered a vast apartment arranged as a
dining hall. His attention diverted towards a large table, on which
was spread a delicious dinner, which was yet untouched. Finally, he
also saw the three thieves entering the mansion and they later hid in a
closet.
3. As his hands were tied, he kicked the door of the mansion which was
opened by a footman who pulled him into the dining-hall. In this way
Hubert entered the mansion from the porch.
4. Once Hubert got inside the mansion, he told the old gentleman, Sir
Simon, about his horse and also tied hands. But he was looked at
with suspicion by some. Yet he was made to enjoy the feast. After the
meal, Sir Simon asked him to tell about himself. Hubert said that he
was a magician and wanted to show some magic to the people. Sir
Simon allowed him to do so. Hubert asked for the snuff box which he
sprinkled inside the closet where the thieves hid. One by one many
snuffboxes were blown inside the cupboard. The thieves couldn’t
control and there was a storm of sneezes. Hubert, then, told Sir Simon
and others that they were the thieves who had robbed his horse and
were inside the mansion, to rob it too. This way the thieves were
revealed.
Think And Answer
1. The thieves had frightened the people of the huge mansion as one of
them imitated the cries of a distressed man and listening to this all the
people moved out of the mansion.
2. The family at the mansion had gathered that night to celebrate
Christmas on Christmas eve.
3. (a) Hubert said this to all the guests present.
(b) The speaker said this because someone asked him if he could call
up spirits from the vasty deep.
(c) Next, the old Baronet happily asks the magician to perform and
asks the girls to stay and see what happens.
4. (a) Sir Simon said these words to Hubert.

80 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 (b) The speaker said this because he thought that the voices coming
out of the cupboard were actually being thrown by Hubert, whom
he called a ventriloquist.
(c) The trick of making your voice seem to come from the mouth of
another person.
5. Yes, brain coupled with courage can help us get out of the most
difficult and dangerous situations. Hubert’s horse had been stolen and
he learnt that the robbers were planning to loot the mansion. Instead
of raising a hue and cry he used his intelligence to enter the house.
He then, declared himself to be a travelling magician and then as he
said ‘conjured up a tempest in a cupboard’. So, he used his presence
of mind and was not afraid. He saved the situation. In history we have
so many examples of brains coupled with courage that helped saved
lives. For e.g., Panna, the nurse saved the little Prince by leaving her
own child in the royal bed and leaving the palace with the little prince.
Time For Discussion
The story ends when Hubert is able to find Jerry, his horse. It’s because
of Jerry that Hubert had declined Sir Simon’s offer of staying in the best
room of the mansion. This shows that Hubert was a compassionate boy
and even though he had intelligence and courage, he was not proud.
Word Fun
A. 1. sniff 2. groan 3. sneeze 4. sigh
5. snore 6. sneer 7. yawn
B. Synonyms
1. sparse – meager
2. tranquility – peacefulness
3. loiter – linger
4. prophecy – forecast
5. aloof – apart
C. Complete the crossword.
Across
1. fresh 2. subcontinent
3. ailing 4. cute
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 81
 Down
5. Christmas carol 6. numb
7. rotten 8. toil
9. sneezing 10. lotus
Word Quiz
(b) to keep quiet determinedly

3. Money-Madness
A LITTLE MORE OF THE POEM
1. (c) both (a) and (b)
2. Money-madness of mankind is all the people in the world being mad
about money.
3. Mankind assesses the worth of a person by the money he has or
doesn’t have.
4. (b) so that he does not die
5. (a) ‘I shall have to eat dirt’ means that the poet has to bear the
consequences of having no money.
(b) According to the poet one should have some money to save one
from eating dirt.
6. The poet says that bread, shelter and fire should cost nothing.
Yes, I agree with the poet because these things are the basic needs of a
man.
7. The two things being talked about are that either people would live in
peace with one another once bread, shelter, fire are free or they would
kill one another for money.
8. This is a picture of the inside of a bank. It is a working day. There
is a crowd of people waiting to get their work done. Some want to
withdraw money or deposit it. Others might be wanting to open a
new account or operate their locker. Now, everything in the bank is
computerised. We can see every worker has his/her own computer.
This makes them quicker and more efficient. Banking has changed a
lot after being computerised. It has become more convenient for the
clients.
82 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 4. The Escape
Oral Activity
An adventure story should basically have an element of mystery in it. It
should have lots of twists and turns. There should be a question in the
reader’s mind in the beginning and but its answer should come out in the
end.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (c) Percy Blakeney
2. (c) because he thought that he had punished the lady and was now
going to capture the Scarlet Pimpernel and he was happy

Read And Answer

1. The men, Chauvelin was chasing, were hiding in a hut.
2. Chauvelin and his men found nobody in the hut as the men had run
away leaving behind a crumpled piece of paper.
3. The crumpled piece of paper had instructions by Scarlet Pimpernel to
the fugitives on how to reach the boat and where to find the Schooner
that would take them away to safety to England. Also, that Pimpernel
would remain hidden and join them later.

Think And Answer

1. Chauvelin’s cherished plans were to kill by attacking the men, among
whom was Marguerite’s brother. They were all in the hut.
2. Chauvelin beat the old Jew up because he was unable to fulfil his
promise of overtaking the tall stranger before he reached that place.
3. (a) Marguerite said these words to Armand.
(b) He had been betrayed by Armand.
(c) She said this because she thought her husband was in the hut.
4. (a) Chauvelin said these words to his soldiers.
(b) The cowardly brute was the Jew.
(c) Next, Chauvelin tries to remind the Jew, that they had an
agreement by which the Jew would get 10 pieces of gold if he
helped him call the tall stranger.

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 83
5. Physical punishment is inhumane and doesn’t help in reform. This
statement is correct. With love and care we can make a person change
for the good. Beating or physical torture makes a person stubborn. He
does not want to relent. In the end, goodness and mercy are rewarded.
Example : Story- The Bishop’s Candlesticks
In the Bishop’s candlesticks, the Bishop does not hand over the convict
to the police. When the convict first enters his home, he treats him
kindly, gives him food and a comfortable bed. Then, he tells the police
that he had given him the candlesticks. This changes the convict for
ever. If the convict had gone back to the inhumane prison he would
never have reformed. Thus love, care, kindness and mercy only help a
person to reform.

Time For Discussion

Chauvelin didn’t show bravery by leaving Marguerite on the beach. He
was a sadist. He told her that he was leaving her in the care of Benjamin,
who himself was lying unconscious, because he had been beaten badly by
his men.

Word Fun
A. 1. end – The end of the movie was unexpected.
2. impersonal – Their impersonal behaviour shocked me.
3. trust – We must trust true friends only.
4. keep – My mother has decided to keep all the clothes in an
old box.
5. disagree – If he disagrees then he will not sign the papers.
6. careful – He is very careful while doing his work.
7. flout – We must not flout traffic rules while driving.
B. 1. eel 2. mule 3. lamb
4. coal 5. silk 6. crystal
7. snow 8. house of cards 9. feather 10. mouse

Word Quiz
(d) both (b) and (c)

84 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 5. The Citation
Oral Activity
Citation is a quotation that is mentioned as evidence. This is given to
honour people in public. A citation could be started as ‘I am honoured to
have a great friend who has contributed a lot in the field of Literature .....’
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (d) Pranabesh Datta
2. (d) a film star
3. (a) It did not mention anyone, it began with Dear Artist.
Read And Answer
1. Samar Kumar, a film star, who was to be given a citation at a reception
organised by the Shatadal Club, had in the last moment given a letter
of apology that he won’t be able to come for the reception. Thus the
club was in a crisis as their club’s main attraction (the star) would not
be coming. All the arrangements were also made.
2. Akshay Bagchi suggested Haralal Chakravarty’s name as he was an
illustrator who was once very popular. He said that felicitating him
would be a better idea than doing something for people who are
already quite successful.
3. To tide over the problem of their guest not being very well-known to
the public, the club members decided to add ‘Distinguished Doyen of
Illustrators’ before Haralal Charkravarty’s name.
4. Haralal concluded his speech by saying that he did not deserve such
praise.
Think And Answer
1. It maybe that he remembered his brother and could have been happy
that recognition had also come after a long time for him.
2. There are a few touches of humour in the story. One of them is when
Indranath speaks about giving Bagchi a reception next year as ‘he
saved the prestige of the club this time.’ (Students can give their
views.)
3. Haralal Chakravarty was polite as he let in the three men and didn’t
stop them. He was helpful and kind as he helped the club in an
emergency. He loved his brother very much. His eyes became moist
when he heard his name. Haralal was honest, he gave the citation back
to Pranabesh and very honestly told the latter that he was Haralal’s
younger brother.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 85
4. (a) Haralal Chakravarty (Rasiklal) said these words to the three men
who had come to his house.
(b) The facts of his life as an introduction are being talked about.
(c) After leaving the men, Haralal’s eyes become moist and he realises
the significance of their proposal. The reception becomes a great
success.
5. (a) Pranabesh said these words to Bagchi.
(b) No, the listener is not worried because he says they will write
‘Distinguished Doyen of Illustrators’ after his name and then
people will get to know him.
(c) It was agreed that Akshay Bagchi, Pranabesh and other members
would call on Haralal Chakravarty and invite him.
6. Haralal (Rasiklal) was a very kind and helpful person. When the club
members come to invite him he felt very bad that they didn’t even
recognise his brother. Since they were in a tight spot he did not reveal
his identity but decided to help them. Later on, when the reception is
over he returned the citation and told them the truth. That means he
was a man of principles and very honest and upright. We learn that
when the time comes we should help those in difficulty. It is good to
be truthful and honest. We cannot accept those honours which do not
belong to us.
Time For Discussion
I would have not let Haralal be dead. When the club members came, he
would have protested about not getting sufficient honour and recognition
in society. He would have poured out his heart at the treatment meted out
to him. He would have complained that he had missed out on recognition.
Then, the club members would have cajoled him and he would have
agreed to come for the reception.
Word Fun
A. 1. catastrophe 2. arrangement 3. felicitation
cast, heart arrange, range citation, float
strap, toast garment, ranger leaf, clean
cheat, horse manager, manages
heat, protest tangent, agree
grant,
86 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 4. deviate 5. refusal 6. remorse
date, vide, sale, seal, safe sore, more
tide, diet fuse, fuel, fear rose, mere
real, lure
7. enclave 8. redrawn 9. booklet 10. retrial
cave, lane drawn, dawn look, book real, later,
clean, lean drawer, rear tool, took tear, rates
veal, cleave dear, dare, rare belt, koel late, liar
wear, near trail, rail
trial
Compound Words
B. 2. sand – sandstone, sandbar, sandpaper
3. work – workhorse, workplace, workout
4. high – highland, highbrow, highlight
5. gold – golddigger, goldfish, goldfield
6. foot – foothold, footmarch, footrule
7. door – doormat, doorman, doorbell
8. book – booklet, bookmark, bookworm
9. back – backdog, backside, backdoor
10. air – airtight, airborne, airlift
Word Quiz
(c) stick to commitment

6. The Secret Of The Machines

A LITTLE MORE OF THE POEM
1. Machines can ‘pull and push and lift and drive, print and plough and
weave, heat and light, run, race, swim, fly and drive, see, hear, count,
read and write’.
2. The lines of the poem that talk about making of machines are
‘We were taken from the ore bed and the mine,
We were melted in the furnace and the pit–
We were cast and wrought and hammered to design,
We were cut and filed and tooled and gouged to fit.’
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 87
3. In order to work, the machines need ‘some water, coal and oil’.
4. The law by which machines live is that they are not built to
comprehend a lie, they cannot love, sympathise or forgive. If humans
make a mistake in handling them, humans die. This law spells danger
for people who work on these machines.
5. Yes, I think the title of the poem is appropriate as it tells us how the
machines are made, what work they do and how they should be
handled. (Students may give other options.)
6. Yes, it does have relevance in today’s world as even today people work
at machines and the latter is still dangerous and risky if mishandled.
7. This is scene of a factory or manufacturing unit. There are lots of
machines on the ground and first floor. Lots of workers are working
at their machine. It seems to be a textile unit. It is a very well kept
and neat unit. There is a big trash bin for the trash and the floors are
shiny clean. The workers are wearing gloves. One man, who is not in
uniform, seems to be their supervisor and is supervising their work.

7. A Retrieved Reformation
Oral Activity
Old Pal is Jimmy’s friend in St Louis. Jimmy addresses him as Old Pal
because they are very old friends.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. (b) warden to Jimmy
2. (c) both (a) and (b)

Read And Answer

1. Jimmy Valentine went to Mike Dolan because his room was on the
upper floor of the cafe where Mike worked and Mike had the key to
his room.
2. A week after the release of Jimmy, there were three burglaries. They
were neat jobs in which burglar proof safes were broken. The similarity
in the methods of burglaries made Ben Price conclude that Jimmy had
resumed work.

88 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
3. The game of being a successful businessman and of having a place in
the society of Elmore was over. He walked outside because he didn’t
want to face Annabel. After what he had done, his true vocation had
been revealed to everyone.
4. They screamed because, May, the nine year old daughter of Annabel’s
sister, had playfully shut her sister, Agatha, in the vault and she had
also shut the bolts and turned the knob of the combination as Mr
Adams had done.
The vault had a patented door. It was fastened with three solid steel
bolts with a single handle and had a time lock too.
Think And Answer
1. He didn’t want anyone to know his real identity. He wanted to start a
new life, specially after he saw Annabel at the bank door.
2. Ralph was till then a successful businessman, socially respected, ready
to wed Annabel. When he saw Annabel turning to him for help with
eyes full of anguish, he could not help himself, but at once decided to
work on the safe to save her niece. So, Ralph changed into Jimmy at
once.
3. Ben knows that Ralph is Jimmy. But Ralph is now a much respected
citizen of Elmore. Moreover, Ben realised that Jimmy has changed
and now he lives a straight and honest life. That is why he pretends
as if he has not recognised Jimmy and gives him a chance to live
honestly.
4. (a) Mike said to Jimmy.
(b) It means that Mike couldn’t bring the key earlier.
(c) The listener takes the key and goes upstairs. He then unlocks the
door of the room at the rear and takes out his suitcase.
5. (a) Annabel said to Jimmy.
(b) The listener has been asked to open the safe in which the little girl
has been accidently locked.
(c) He takes off his coat, pulls up his shirtsleeves and starts taking out
his tools.
6. When Jimmy landed at Elmore he went down the sidewalk towards
the hotel. There a young lady crossed the Elmore Bank. When Jimmy
looked into her eyes he forgot that he was a professional burglar and
became another man. She lowered her eyes and coloured slightly. At
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 89
 that moment Jimmy fell in love with her. He changed his name to
Ralph Spencer. The sudden attack of love had made him a new person.
He opened a shoe store and did good business. Socially also, he was
a success and made many friends. By the end of the year he had won
both—the respect of this community and also the love of Annabel. So,
from a burglar he changed into a successful businessman. This shows
that love can reform a criminal, punishment cannot. Annabel didn’t
know anything about his past so she trusted him. If we show someone
absolute respect and faith we will get the same in return.
Time For Discussion
Yes, I appreciate the end of the story. Jimmy should be left free to pursue
his business and marry Annabel. Ben Price has no right to arrest him. He
has turned a new leaf and given up his past completely. After leaving the
prison, though he committed two burglaries but after that he had decided
to give away his tools and for one full year had lead an honest life. He had
changed completely. He had become a life saver.
Word Fun
A. 1. rise 2. zealous
3. commence 4. identical
5. abundant
B. 1. advantageous 2. indigenous 3. receive
4. necessary 5. lieutenant 6. occurrence
7. conscience 8. probably 9. separate
10. acquiesce 11. obsequious 12. apparent
13. ubiquitous
Word Quiz
(d) earnest

8. Under The Greenwood Tree

A LITTLE MORE OF THE POEM
1. In school, whenever I used to sit under a tree in the playground, eating
my breakfast, a squirrel used to come there to eat the left overs. We sat
there the whole break time and became friends. This was like a new
world for me. I would really love to be a part of this world.
90 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
2. The people who are invited into the forest are the ones who love to
stay with the author and speak with the bird, ones who love the sun
and are pleased with whatever they get.
3. Two obstacles people would encounter while living in the forest
would be winter and rough weather.
4. Come hither means ‘come here’.
5. I would expect a peaceful life in the forest where one lives with nature.
(Students to give their own views.)
6. (a) The chorus is repeated two times in the poem.
(b) The chorus is repeated to ignite the interest of the readers and also
to make a point by repeating.
7. ‘Seeking the food he eats’ means that the person who would live in the
forest would first have to search look or hunt the food he/she has to
eat.
8. This is picture of the beauty of nature. There is a forest on both sides
of the river. There are huge rocks in the water. The water is flowing
with great force. It is a very serene and beautiful place. Some trees
have broken and fallen on the rocks. There does not seem to be anyone
living by. We can see no birds or animals either. The forests seem to be
deep and green. There is peace all around. The air, water and land are
very pure and clean. The area seems unaffected by pollution.

9. The Yellow Face

Oral Activity
Yes, being organised and alert are important for a detective. These are
the qualities that would make a detective solve a mystery. He should be
alert at every step he takes towards his case. He needs to be organised
to join the strings of his mystery. (Students to link : example organised –
Holmes organised facts – schedule and then worked – alert – took notice
of unique and unusual things – noticed Munro’s name etched on his hat
and guessed it.)
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (b) Mr Grant Munro
2. (d) Mr Munro’s wife
3. (b) merchant
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 91
Read And Answer
1. Sherlock Holmes came to know the visitor’s name as it was written on
the latter’s hat.
2. Mr Grant Munro’s problem was with his wife who used to go to the
nearby cottage without his permission. He had also seen a person’s
face from the cottage’s window but couldn’t find out who’s it was.
3. Mr Grant Munro saw a face but couldn’t make out its features.
According to him, there was something unnatural and inhuman about
the face. It was of a livid chalky white colour.

Think And Answer

1. Effie was desperate about her husband not entering the cottage
because she didn’t want to reveal about who was in the cottage to her
husband as she feared losing him.
2. The clues that helped Sherlock Holmes were the livid face that Mr
Munro saw in the cottage. Mr Munro’s wife had asked for hundred
pounds from him, she went to the cottage often to meet the inhabitant
there, in the cottage Mr Munro found a full size photograph of his wife.
3. (a) Effie said these words to her husband, Jack.
(b) The promise of not going over to the cottage.
(c) The speaker said this because she had gone to the cottage.
4. (a) Holmes asked Jack.
(b) plan to find out who inhabits the cottage
(c) The listener replied that he would force his way in and see for
himself, who lived in the house.
5. Mr Munro was about thirty years old. He was tall and dressed in
a green suit. He was a reserved, self-contained man with a dash of
pride in his nature. He was self respecting and loved his wife very
much. This is evident from the fact that he was hesitant to discuss his
domestic affairs with Holmes. He didn’t want to talk about his wife’s
strange behaviour to strangers. The sound quality is that he is very
trusting. He believed whatever Effie told her about her past, when she
met him the first time. She told him that all photos and documents
had been destroyed in a fire. He believed her when she promised that
92 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 she will never go to the cottage again. He is heart broken when she
betrayed him and went again. He knew his wife so well that he could
make out when she was lying to him because she did not look at him
while speaking and her voice changed as she spoke.

Time For Discussion

Yes, Effie should have told him about her past. She should have told
him the real truth because she had realised that Munro was a gentle and
kind hearted man. He would have accepted her child even if the child
was of African descent. In the three years of their married life they had
no differences in thought word or deed. This should have made Effie
confident enough to bare her heart to Munro. Even if she hadn’t done it
earlier.

Word Fun
1. break – (e) age
2. care – (c) less
3. similar – (g) ity
4. prefer – (a) nce
5. depend – (d) ent
6. avoid – (f) able
7. conscious – (b) ness

Word Quiz
(a) to make something/someone unhappy

10. A Bitterly Cold Night

Oral Activity
A blanket would have cost Halku rupees three. (Students may give other
options.)
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (c) three rupees
2. (d) a blanket
3. (b) winter
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 93
Read And Answer
1. Munni said that if they would give away the three rupees left in the
house where would they get money to buy a blanket for him (Halku)
who sleeps in the field to look after it.
2. Munni suggested Halku to give up tenant farming and work as a
hired labourer so that they would at least get enough food to eat.
3. ‘With a firm resolve he got up and took a firm step’ and then suddenly
he was pierced by the icy wind that made Halku go back near the
extinguished fire to warm himself.
Think And Answer
1. Jabra was very fond of Halku. He followed him everywhere even
during cold winter nights. Halku was also very fond of Jabra, we come
to know this when Halku suggests Jabra that he should be at home
and not with him at the fields on such cold nights. Halku also thinks
of putting some straw for Jabra to sleep so that he keeps warm. Jabra
understood the spoken or unspoken words of his master Halku. In
the winter night when both of them were shivering with cold Halku
hugged him tight even though the dog had a stink. He did not mind
the dog sleeping on his lap. Halku embraced him affectionately as he
would do to a brother or a friend. When Halku couldn’t sleep, Jabra
thought it was probably because of his whimpering and so he stopped
it.
2. (a) Jabra indicated that a pack of wild animals had broken into the
field.
(b) No, he didn’t pay heed.
(c) He went on sitting near the warm ashes and when he felt very
drowsy, he wrapped his shawl and fell asleep on the warmed
ground near the ashes. He did so because it was so comfortable
there that it seemed intolerable to go to the field in the cold and
chase animals.
3. Halku smiled contentedly when he saw the ruined field because it
meant that now he would not have to sleep nights out in the field, in
the cold.
4. (a) Halku said to his wife Munni.
(b) It is the three rupees they have saved to buy a blanket.
94 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 (c) A plan to buy a blanket some other way, because the money saved
for the blanket was being given away to the landlord.
5. (a) Halku said to his dog Jabra.
(b) He said this because he was out in the cold, he was gathering
leaves to make a fire to warm them and the night was not even
three hours gone.
(c) He made a fire with the gathered mango leaves and sat before the
fire.
6. Yes, Jabra was faithful, he did his duty well. At night, when Halku tells
him to lie in the paddy straw in the house, he doesn’t do it. He goes
out in the field with his master. He lies under his cot whimpering with
his muzzle pressed into his belly, to try to feel less cold. When Halku
talks to Jabra he looks at him with eyes over flowing with love. When
they are both warming themselves, Jabra hears the noise of animals
moving around in the field. He gives a loud bark and runs towards
the field. Even when Halku keeps calling him, he goes on barking to
make the animals leave the field. Halku tries to get up but drowsiness
envelops him. But faithful Jabra, keeps barking his lungs out in an
effort to scare the animals destroying the field.

Time For Discussion

1. (a) Munni said this because Halku was insisting that they pay the
landlord the three rupees that they had saved to buy a blanket.
Halku told her that the landlord was waiting outside and if he
was not paid he would threaten and insult him.
(b) Halku said this because he was out in the cold, looking after the
crops that belonged to someone else. He was a tenant farmer.
He did all the hard work and the benefits were reaped by the
landlord. He himself remained deep in debt and poverty. He
spent nights out in the chill while other lucky fellows got to sleep
in their houses, under good thick quilts.
2. Yes, the landlords exploited the tenant farmers. These tenant farmers
didn’t own any land. They worked for others. All the hard work was
done by the farmers and they were paid a pittance. The landlords
threatened and insulted them. They sat out during nights in the cold
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 95
 fields guarding the crops while the landlords slept in their house,
under good thick quilts. The tenant farmers continued to sink into debt
and poverty while the landlords grew richer and more prosperous.

Word Fun
A. 1. advice 2. practised
3. duel 4. discreet
5. elicit
B. The man seems to be perturbed and upset. He is thin and ill clad.
He looks poor. The woman also looks poor. She seems angry and
adamant. Both look very hardworking. Both seem to be disturbed
about something.
C. 1. (e) to be born in a rich family
2. (a) very easy task
3. (d) to avoid answering a question straight
4. (b) to wake up till late in night to study
5. (c) to be unhappy about something that cannot be undone
Word Quiz
(b) nook
11. Dulce Et Decorum Est
A LITTLE MORE OF THE POEM
1. The word ‘ecstasy’ describes the relief that the soldier feels when he
puts on the gas mask and he can breathe better and save himself from
the poisonous gas.
2. They fitted their helmets (gas masks) just in time or they might have
fainted or died due to the poisonous gas.
3. Helmets are described as ‘clumsy’ because the soldiers are giddy and
ready to fall. They are trying to wear the helmets quickly and in a
clumsy manner. It is a transferred epithet.
4. The message that the readers get is that war is not glorious; it is full of
suffering and trauma.
5. The First World War is being referred to in this poem.
6. It means, ‘It is sweet and right.’

96 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 12. The Chocolate-Cream Soldier
Oral Activity
Teacher to encourage students to discuss the two characters Raina and the
soldier.
Raina – strong – fond of Sergius – kind – helpful – proud – caring
the soldier – witty – practical – intelligent – a good soldier – honest – aware
of short comings – caring
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (a) chocolate cream
2. (c) chocolates
3. (b) he was being polite

Read And Answer

1. The man describes the sight of a cavalry charge as funny. He says that
it’s like slinging a handful of peas against a windowpane: first one
comes; then two or three close behind him; and then all the rest in a
lump.
2. The man tells Raina how the first man in the cavalry charge was
pulling at his horse as he didn’t want to reach first and get killed.
3. Raina calls Sergius ‘the patriot and hero’ whereas the man suggests
that he was a foolish soldier who led his regiment to suicide.

Think And Answer

1. The soldierly thing Raina planned to do was to get him out of the
house as she did not agree with what the man had said about Sergius.
2. Raina wanted to console the soldier as a mother would. She calls him
a chocolate cream soldier as she feels that he is as soft as chocolate and
cream and not brave and courageous as a soldier should be.
3. Students may give their opinions.
4. (a) The man tells himself.
(b) ‘that’ refers to the fact that he has to get down that pipe
(c) Yes
5. (a) Raina said this to the chocolate cream soldier.
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 97
 (b) The speaker is in her room when a soldier from the enemy camp
climbs up a pipe, to enter a room. The soldier talks about the
cavalry charge led by Sergius. Then, Raina says these words.
(c) Sergius, the man Raina is going to marry.
6. According to me, being brave means able to face any danger fearlessly.
A truly brave person will be merciful and kind. To be brave means
never to harm the innocent or women and children. A brave person
should be a protector. He should not even harm his enemy if his
enemy is unarmed or helpless.

Time For Discussion

‘And keep away from the window, whatever you do.’ These words tell
us that man was kind and caring. He did not want Raina to get hurt or
wounded if shots were fired.
Word Fun
A. 1. to pull up his socks 2. the apple of her father’s eye
3. a blanket of snow 4. to digest the news
5. music of the soul. 6. took the bull by horns
7. was boiling mad
B. 1. radical 2. ecstatically 3. prosaically
4. remorse 5. angelic
C. Adjectives
1. Raina - loyal, merciful
2. the soldier - fun loving, practical
Word Quiz
(c) dizzy

How Much Do You Remember-I

(Chapters 7 to 6)
A. Answer the following.
1. Bill screamed awfully because Red chief was sitting on Bill’s chest,
with one hand twined in Bill’s hair. In the other hand, he held a
sharp case knife used for slicing. He was trying to take Bill’s scalp.
This was because the previous day they were playing Indian and
Bill had said that he would be scalped at daybreak.
98 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 2. (a) The thieves inside the cupboard say this to Hubert.
(b) ‘Us’ are the thieves.
(c) The speakers say this because Hubert has been throwing
snuff into the closed cupboard and the thieves are seized with
bouts of sneezing. These change to spasmodic groans and
they say the above lines.
3. Humans assess the worth of a person on the basis of the amount
of money that he/she has. Everyone wants to know how much is
one worth. If he/she has no money he/she can eat dirt and die of
cold. They will give him/her only a little bread and no respect.
4. The crumpled piece of paper contained instructions from the
Scarlet Pimpernel to the fugitives on how to reach the boat and
where to find the Schooner, Day Dream, that would take them to
safety to England. It also mentioned that he would remain hidden
and join them further along the coat, at the creek Calais. It also
contained the well-known signature.
5. (a) Jayanta Sarkar said these words to Indranath.
(b) The reception was arranged to felicitate an artist.
(c) Next, the three of them decide to go to Haralal Chakaravarty’s
house and invite him for the reception and to receive a citation
from their club.
6. Yes, I like the end of the story ‘The Escape’. It has a cleverly-
crafted end. The reader doesn’t release that the Jew is Pimpernel.
Margeurite thinks that all is lost because Chauvelin and his men
are after Pimpernel. The surprise element is the best part of the
ending. Then, Margeurite uses her teeth to untie the rope and
both she and Pimpernal join Percy’s ship and reach England.
7 (a) ‘The name of the poem is ‘The Secret Of Machines’ and the
poet is ‘Rudyard Kipling’.
(b) ‘We’ refers to machines.
(c) They were taken from the ore-bed or mine and melted in a
furnace or pit. Then they were cast, wrought and hammered
to design. Then they were cut, filed, tooled and gouged to
fit.

KEY TO ENGLISH-8 99
B. Article
OUR RIVERS
(by XYZ)
Rivers are worshipped in India. They are called Mata or Mother. Is
this what we should do to them? Pollute them to such an extent that
their holy waters stink and cause dreadful diseases. Look at any river
which flows in India, we will turn away from them and taking a dip
in them is out of question!
How did this come about? Humans! Yes, humans again is the answer.
From wherever the river flows town, city or village – humans pollute
it. Washing clothes, bathing, throwing garbage and not to forget
factories also throwing all their toxic wastes into them.
The Government has started many campaigns to keep the rivers clean.
But is it the responsibility of the government alone? Imagine, if we
didn’t throw anything into the rivers, there would be no cleaning
required! So, lets take a pledge to keep our rivers clean.
C. Email
Date: 14.11.2015
From: aditya24@[Link]
To: robertyes@[Link]
Subject: Invitation for Christmas
Dear Robert
I hope this finds you well and happy. I am writing this email to invite
you to spend Christmas with me, at my place.
You can come a few days early. We will buy a Christmas tree and
decorate it. There is a church close by and we can go and light candles
there. Also, my mother plans to make a special Christmas dinner, so
we can invite all our friends. Do try to make it, its a long time since we
met. Waiting to hear from you.
Your loving friend
Aditya
D. Meaning
1. gouged – scooped or forced out with a tool or thumb.
2. waning – becoming less
100 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 3. delirium – a confused or excited mental state
4. suave – relaxed, confident, pleasant in society
5. prostrate – stretched out flat, with face on the ground
6. renegade – a one who changes his loyalty to another group,
religion, etc.
7. pinioned – chained, bound
E. Opposites
1. stolid – emotional
2. sanity – insanity
3. refrain – move
4. menacing – friendly
5. sarcasm – compliment

How Much Do You Remember-II

(Chapters 7 to 12)
A. Answer the following questions.
1. Jimmy went to Mike Dolan soon after his release from jail because
he had to take the key from him and go to his room to take his
tools.
2. The world described in the poem is a world without enemies.
There is harsh winter and rough weather. Only those who shun
ambition will be happy in this world. In this world people will
relax in the sun and eat what they get to eat.
3. (a) Effie spoke these words to her husband Jack.
(b) The speaker wanted a hundred pounds.
(c) She wanted the money so that the nurse could bring her child
to Norbury, and rent a cottage and live there.
4. Yes, Halku and Jabra shared a good relationship. When Halku
was going out to the fields at night he told Jabra to stay at
home because it was very cold, but Jabra didn’t listen and
accompanied him and shivered under his cot. When Halku
put Jabra in his lap, he felt a kind of stink coming from him,
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 101
 yet Halku hugged and embraced him tight and experienced a
great happiness. When Jabra heard some animals in the field he
rushed to save the field even though Halku whistled and called
him back several times. He had a great sense of duty towards
his master.
5. (a) The poem is ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ and the poet is ‘Wilfred
Owen’.
(b) ‘Helpless Sight’ refers to the fact that the poet was helpless in
saving his comrade when he saw him choking and drowning.
He could see him but not save him from the gas attack.
(c) Let students imagine and write.
6. Mr Munro’s problem was that his wife was behaving strangely
and keeping secrets for him. He told Holmes that he had married
Effie three years ago. She had been a widow from Atlanta and
had said that she had lost her child to yellow fever. They had a
happy marriage and no differences in thought and deed. But one
day, she had asked him for a 100 pounds and didn’t tell him why
she wanted it. This was the first ever secret between them. Then,
she kept visiting the people in the cottage and when Mr Munro
asked her not to go there, she went on the sly and didn’t give any
definite reason for going there.
7. (a) The Man said these words to Raina.
(b) Giving of three chocolate creams to a soldier was unsoldierly
but angelic because they were delicious.
(c) Next, Raina tells him, that since he has said mean things about
her future husband, he should go. She suggests that he should
go out on the balcony and then climb down onto the street.
B. Speech.
Good Morning Principal, teachers and dear friends
Today I, XYZ of Class VIII, is going to speak about natural disasters.
Natural disasters can be in the form of floods, cyclones, earthquakes
or tsunami. Earthquakes are caused in a trice and everyone is caught
unaware. Houses are destroyed, tall buildings come down like
102 KEY TO ENGLISH-8
 children’s games. Cries of pain and help can be heard everywhere.
Lives and property are lost.
Though one cannot fight against nature, I think it is better if we get
a warning of the impending disaster. Then at least houses can be
evacuated. People would not be caught unaware. The government
must do its best to inform its citizens and the people should learn
how to deal with such calamities. They should learn things like First
Aid. Our aim should be saving as many lives as possible.
C. A–69
Viman Nagar
Pune–110671
14.11.20...
Dear Mitali
Hope this letter finds you well and happy. I am writing this letter to
tell you, how I saved the life of a puppy. One afternoon, I was walking
down to my friend’s place when I heard a painful whine. I looked
around and to my horror, I found a badly injured pup lying on a
gunnybag near a shop. It was very badly injured. I picked it up and
took it to a vet.
The doctor cleaned its wounds, applied medicine and then bandaged
its leg. The poor thing was in pain. I brought the pup home. I looked
after it and in 3 or 4 days it was much better. I then took it to the
vet for a checkup. He declared it fit. Now, it is my pet and I call it
Snowy. When you visit me you will see it. I am sure you will also
love it.
Your loving friend
Abi
D. 1. apparition: apart, ration, train, rain
2. gesture: guest, greet, sure, true, steer, gust, rust
3. arrears: rear, seer, rare, area
4. fumbling: limb, fling, glum, bling, flung
5. smouldered: mould, sold, deer
KEY TO ENGLISH-8 103
E. Meanings
1. zest – enjoyment
2. ardent – having or showing strong feelings
3. transfixed – made motionless
4. fumbling – saying or doing something in a clumsy way
5. beamingly – happily
6. comprehend – to understand, to make out
7. presentiment – a feeling or belief that something is going to
happen
8. surmise – guess, supposition

104 KEY TO ENGLISH-8