Chapter 1: Matter in Our Surroundings

Key Concepts

 Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space.

 Physical nature: Particles are very small, have space between them, move constantly,
and attract each other.
 States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas.
o Solid: Definite shape & volume, high density, least compressible.
o Liquid: No definite shape, fixed volume, less compressible.
o Gas: Neither fixed shape nor volume, highly compressible.

Change of State

 Melting/Freezing, Evaporation/Condensation, Sublimation.

 Depends on:
1. Temperature
2. Pressure
 Latent heat: Heat used to change state without raising temperature.

Evaporation

 Cooling effect due to particles taking heat from surroundings.

 Increases with: Surface area, temperature, wind speed, low humidity.

Chapter 2: Is Matter Around Us Pure?

Pure Substance vs Mixture

 Pure substance: One kind of particles (element/compound).

 Mixture: More than one kind of particles, can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

Elements & Compounds

 Element: Cannot be broken into simpler substances.

 Compound: Fixed ratio of elements, properties different from constituents.

Types of Mixtures
  Homogeneous: Uniform composition (e.g., salt solution).
 Heterogeneous: Non-uniform (e.g., sand + iron filings).

Separation Methods

 Handpicking, sieving, filtration, evaporation, distillation, sublimation, chromatography,

centrifugation, separating funnel, crystallization.

Solutions

 Solution: Solute + solvent.

 Concentration: Amount of solute in given solvent.
 Types: Saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated.

Colloids

 Heterogeneous, particles visible under microscope but don’t settle.

 Shows Tyndall effect.

Suspensions

 Large particles, settle on standing, can be filtered, show Tyndall effect.

✅ Quick Mnemonics:

 Properties of solids, liquids, gases → "Shape, Volume, Compressibility, Diffusion".

 Colloids properties → "Hetero + Stable + Tyndall".

Class 9 Chemistry Flashcards - Ch. 1 & 2

■ Chapter 1: Matter in Our Surroundings

  - Matter → has mass + occupies space
 - Particle Nature → tiny, space, motion, attraction
 - States → Solid (fixed shape/volume), Liquid (fixed volume), Gas (compressible)
 - Change of State → melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, sublimation
 - Latent Heat → heat without temp change - Evaporation → ↑ with area, temp, wind; ↓
with humidity; causes cooling.

■ Chapter 2: Is Matter Around Us Pure?

 - Pure Substance → element/compound

 - Mixture → homogeneous/heterogeneous - Separation → filtration, distillation,
chromatography, funnel, centrifuge, crystallization
 - Solutions → solute + solvent, saturated/unsaturated/supersaturated
 - Colloids → heterogeneous, stable, Tyndall effect
 - Suspensions → settle, filterable, Tyndall effect

Class 9 Chemistry Ch. 1 & 2 –

Advanced MCQs
 1. Evaporation of water from the skin causes cooling. (Assertion-Reason)
 a) Both A and R are true, R explains A
 b) Both A and R are true, R does not explain A
 c) A is true, R is false
 d) A is false, R is true
 Answer: c) A is true, R is false Explanation: Evaporation causes cooling (A is true), but
the reason statement is misleading (R is false).
 2. Which has highest kinetic energy at room temperature?
 a) Ice
 b) Water
 c) Water vapor
 d) None of these
 Answer: c) Water vapor Explanation: Gas particles move fastest → highest kinetic
energy.
 3. Which does not involve latent heat?
 a) Freezing of water
 b) Evaporation of alcohol
 c) Heating water from 30°C to 80°C
 d) Condensation of steam
 Answer: c) Heating water from 30°C to 80°C Explanation: Sensible heat changes
temperature, latent heat is only during phase change.
 4. Which is homogeneous mixture?
 a) Chalk in water
 b) Salt solution
 c) Oil + water
 d) Sand + sugar
 Answer: b) Salt solution Explanation: Uniform composition throughout.
 5. Separation of alcohol from water?
 a) Sublimation
 b) Distillation
 c) Filtration
 d) Crystallization
 Answer: b) Distillation Explanation: Based on different boiling points.
 6. Which does not show Tyndall effect?
 a) Milk
 b) Fog
 c) Salt solution
 d) Smoke
 Answer: c) Salt solution Explanation: True solutions do not scatter light.
 7. Which is a compound?
 a) Sodium
 b) Water
 c) Oxygen
 d) Iron
 Answer: b) Water Explanation: H■O is chemically combined in fixed ratio.
 8. Mixture of Sulphur and iron can be separated by?
 a) Sublimation
 b) Filtration
 c) Magnetic separation
 d) Distillation
 Answer: c) Magnetic separation Explanation: Iron is magnetic, Sulphur is not.
 9. Which is true for evaporation?
 a) Faster in humid conditions
 b) Faster when surface area is small
 c) Faster at higher temperature and wind speed
 d) Slower on a dry sunny day
 Answer: c) Faster at higher temperature and wind speed Explanation: Wind removes
vapor, temperature increases particle escape.
 10. Solutions have uniform composition because?
 a) Both A and R are true, R explains A
 b) Both A and R are true, R does not explain A
 C) A is true, R is false
 d) A is false, R is true
 Answer: b) Both A and R are true, R does not explain An Explanation: R is true but just
describes dispersion, does not explain uniformity.
 11. Which is true about liquids?
 a) Particles in solid move freely
 b) Gas particles are tightly packed
 c) Liquids have definite volume but no definite shape
 d) Solids have no attraction between particles
 Answer: c) Liquids have definite volume but no definite shape Explanation: Liquids take
the shape of container but volume remains constant.
 12. during condensation?
 a) Heat is absorbed
 b) Heat is released
 c) Temperature increases rapidly
 d) Temperature remains constant without heat exchange
 Answer: b) Heat is released Explanation: Gas loses energy → liquid, heat released.
 13. Cannot be separated by simple physical methods?
 a) Salt + sand
 b) Alcohol + water
 c) Iron + Sulphur
 d) Oil + water
 Answer: b) Alcohol + water Explanation: Miscible liquids require distillation.
 14. Saturated solution?
 a) No solute
 b) Can dissolve more solute
 c) Cannot dissolve more solute
 d) Filtered solution
 Answer: c) cannot dissolve more solute Explanation: Saturated → maximum solute at
given temperature.
 15. True about colloids?
 a) Particles settle
 b) Particle size larger than suspension
 c) Show Tyndall effect
 d) They are true solutions
 Answer: c) Show Tyndall effect Explanation: Colloids scatter light, particles do not
settle.
 16. Why faster evaporation on windy day?
 a) Reduces surface area
 b) Increases particle attraction
 c) Removes vapor reducing humidity
 d) Lowers temperature
 Answer: c) Removes vapor reducing humidity Explanation: Wind carries away vapor →
more molecules escape.
 17. Which is false?
 a) Compounds have fixed composition
 b) Elements can be broken down
 c) Compounds differ from elements
 d) Oxygen is element
 Answer: b) Elements can be broken down Explanation: Elements cannot be broken
chemically.
 18. Separation of salt from seawater?
 a) Distillation
 b) Crystallization
 c) Filtration
 d) Chromatography
 Answer: b) Crystallization Explanation: Evaporation leaves salt crystals.
 19. Evaporation occurs at all temperatures?
 a) Both A and R true, R explains A
 b) Both A and R true, R does not explain A
 c) A true, R false
 d) A false, R true Answer: a) Both A and R true, R explains An Explanation: Surface
particles with enough energy escape → evaporation occurs.
 20. Particle motion correct for liquids?
 a) Gas particles vibrate in fixed positions
 b) Particles in liquids move randomly but remain close
 c) Particles in solids move freely
 d) Particles in liquids tightly packed with no motion
 Answer: b) Particles in liquids move randomly but remain close Explanation: Liquids
flow, particles are close but move past each other.