Module -4
WEB TECHNOLOGY AND DBMS
1. Explain the functionality of www with a neat diagram.
1. Web Server: This is where the website's files, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images, etc.,
are stored. When a user requests a webpage, the web server processes the request and sends the
necessary files to the user's browser.
2. Internet: This is the network infrastructure that allows communication between devices across
the globe. The internet enables users to access websites hosted on various servers worldwide.
3. DNS (Domain Name System): DNS is like a phonebook for the internet. It translates human-
readable domain names (like [Link]) into IP addresses (which computers use to
communicate with each other). When you type a domain name into your browser, DNS servers
are queried to find the corresponding IP address.
4. [Link]: This is your website's domain name. It's how users identify and access
your site. The DNS translates this domain name into the IP address of the web server where
your site is hosted.
So, when a user enters "[Link]" into their browser:
• The browser checks with DNS to find the IP address of "[Link]".
• DNS returns the IP address associated with that domain.
• The browser sends a request to the web server at that IP address.
• The web server processes the request and sends back the requested webpage.
• The browser then displays the webpage to the user.
2. Define the following with real time examples. a)HTML b)HTTPS c)URL.
a) HTML
b) HTTPS
c) URL
3. Bring out the difference between java scripts and java applets.
4. How the following are connected to create a web browser. HTML, scripting
language, HTTPS, URL, TCP IP & FTP, WWW.
1. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language):
• HTML provides the structure and content of web pages. It defines elements such as headings,
paragraphs, images, links, etc., using tags.
• When you visit a website, the browser fetches the HTML document associated with
that URL from the web server.
2. Scripting Language (e.g., JavaScript):
• Scripting languages like JavaScript add interactivity and dynamic behavior to web
pages.
• JavaScript can manipulate HTML elements, handle user interactions, and make requests
to servers asynchronously (e.g., AJAX).
• It's embedded within the HTML document or included as separate files referenced by
the HTML.
3. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure):
• HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP used for communication between the web browser
and web server.
• It encrypts data exchanged between the client (browser) and the server, ensuring
confidentiality and integrity.
• When you access a website via HTTPS, the communication is encrypted, protecting
sensitive information like login credentials and payment details.
4. URL (Uniform Resource Locator):
• A URL specifies the address of a web resource (e.g., webpage, image, file) on the internet.
• It consists of several components, including the protocol (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS), domain
name, path, and optional query parameters.
• The browser uses the URL to locate and request the desired resource from the web server.
5. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):
• TCP/IP is the set of networking protocols that govern how data is transmitted over
the internet.
• It provides reliable communication by breaking data into packets, routing them across
networks, and reassembling them at the destination.
• When you access a website, your browser establishes a TCP/IP connection with the
web server to send HTTP/HTTPS requests and receive responses.
6. FTP (File Transfer Protocol):
• FTP is a protocol used for transferring files between a client and a server on a network.
• While not directly involved in browsing web pages, FTP may be used for uploading
website files to a web server.
• Web developers often use FTP clients to upload HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and other files
to the server for hosting.
7. WWW (World Wide Web):
• The World Wide Web is a system of interconnected hypertext documents accessible via
the internet.
• It encompasses all the web pages, websites, and resources available online.
• When you use a web browser, you're navigating and interacting with the content and services
provided on the World Wide Web.
5. Discuss the following. a)Java script b) Perl c) PHP d) VB script.
a)Java script
b) Perl
c) PHP
d) VB Script
6. With a neat diagram explain CGI Environment.
7. What is Cookies? Explain functionalities of cookies with neat diagram.
Cookies are small pieces of data sent from a server and stored on the client's computer.
They are used to remember information about the client between HTTP requests.
Functionalities:
Cookies are linked to specific websites and automatically sent with each HTTP request to the server.
This helps the server recognize returning users and provides a seamless user experience.
8. Explain the working process of [Link] and [Link].
[Link]
Development: Developers use programming languages such as C#, Visual Basic, or F# to write code
for .NET applications. They utilize the .NET Framework or .NET Core SDK, which includes
compilers, libraries, and tools for building, debugging, and deploying applications.
Compilation: .NET languages are compiled into an intermediate language called Common
Intermediate Language (CIL) or Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). This intermediate code is
platform-independent and executed by the Common Language Runtime (CLR).
Execution: The CLR is the runtime environment within the .NET framework responsible for
executing .NET applications. It performs tasks such as memory management, security, exception
handling, and garbage collection. The CLR Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler converts the intermediate code
into native machine code specific to the underlying hardware, allowing the application to run
efficiently.
Deployment: .NET applications can be deployed as standalone executables, libraries, or web
applications. They may run on Windows, Linux, macOS, or other platforms, depending on the target
framework (e.g., .NET Framework, .NET Core, .NET 5+). Deployment may involve packaging the
application along with its dependencies and deploying it to servers, app stores, or cloud platforms.
[Link]
• Connection: [Link] provides classes like SqlConnection, OleDbConnection, and
OracleConnection to establish connections to various types of data sources. Developers specify
connection strings containing information such as the server address, database name, authentication
credentials, etc.
• Command: [Link] supports different types of commands for executing SQL queries, stored
procedures, and other database operations. These commands are represented by classes like
SqlCommand, OleDbCommand, and OracleCommand. Developers set the command text,
parameters, and other properties before executing the command.
• Data Retrieval: After executing a command, [Link] retrieves data from the database into
memory. It uses data readers (SqlDataReader, OleDbDataReader, etc.) for forward-only, read-
only access to the result set. Alternatively, it can fill datasets (DataSet and DataTable) with data
retrieved from the database, allowing disconnected access and data manipulation.
• Data Manipulation: [Link] provides classes like DataAdapter and DataAdapter to update,
insert, delete, and synchronize data between datasets and data sources. Developers use these classes
to perform CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations on databases.
• Error Handling and Transactions: [Link] supports error handling mechanisms to manage
exceptions that may occur during data access operations. It also provides transaction management
capabilities (Transaction, TransactionScope) to ensure data integrity and consistency when
executing multiple database operations as a single unit of work.