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Genetics Study Guide Overview

The genetics study guide covers fundamental concepts including DNA structure, genes, chromosomes, and protein synthesis. It explains Mendelian and non-Mendelian genetics, including inheritance patterns and types of traits. Additionally, it discusses mutations and their potential effects on DNA.

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8 views3 pages

Genetics Study Guide Overview

The genetics study guide covers fundamental concepts including DNA structure, genes, chromosomes, and protein synthesis. It explains Mendelian and non-Mendelian genetics, including inheritance patterns and types of traits. Additionally, it discusses mutations and their potential effects on DNA.

Uploaded by

creativitycraver
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

GENETICS Study Guide

1. DNA Basics
●​ DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid​

●​ Double helix structure​

●​ Made of nucleotides (A, T, C, G)​

●​ A↔T and C↔G​

●​ Stored in the nucleus​

2. Genes & Chromosomes


●​ Gene = segment of DNA that codes for a trait​

●​ Allele = version of a gene (dominant or recessive)​

●​ Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)​

3. Protein Synthesis
Transcription

●​ DNA → mRNA​

●​ Happens in the nucleus​

Translation
●​ mRNA → protein​

●​ Happens on ribosomes​

4. Mendelian Genetics
Key Terms

●​ Genotype = genetic makeup (TT, Tt, tt)​

●​ Phenotype = physical trait (tall, short)​

●​ Homozygous = same alleles​

●​ Heterozygous = different alleles​

Inheritance

●​ Dominant = expressed if at least one allele present​

●​ Recessive = expressed only when homozygous​

Punnett Squares

●​ Predict offspring genotypes/phenotypes​

5. Non-Mendelian Genetics
●​ Incomplete dominance – blended traits​

●​ Codominance – both alleles expressed (ex: AB blood)​

●​ Multiple alleles – more than 2 possible alleles​


●​ Polygenic traits – controlled by many genes (height, skin color)​

●​ Sex-linked traits – on X chromosome (colorblindness)​

6. Mutations
●​ Changes in DNA​

●​ Can be harmful, helpful, or neutral​

●​ Types: substitution, insertion, deletion​

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