Cấu trúc máy bay

Giảng viên thỉnh giảng: Trần Ngọc Linh

Email: ngoclinhtran@[Link]
 Nội dung khóa học
• Chương 1: Cấu trúc tổng quát máy bay
• Chương 2: Cấu trúc thân của máy bay
• Chương 3: Cấu trúc cánh cánh bay
• Chương 4: Cấu trúc đuôi máy bay
• Chương 5: Hệ thống cửa chắn gió và cửa sổ
• Chương 6: Hệ thống cửa máy bay
• Chương 7: Giá treo động cơ và vỏ động cơ
 Chương 7: Giá treo động cơ và vỏ
động cơ
7.1 Giá treo động cơ (pylon)
7.2 Vỏ động cơ (nacelle)
Chương 7: Giá treo động cơ và vỏ
động cơ
 7.1 Giá treo động cơ
GENERAL
The function of the engine pylons installed under
each wing is:
- to support the engine,
- to transmit the engine thrust to the aircraft,
- to enable the routing and attachment of all the
systems connected with the engine (electrical
wiring, hydraulic, bleed air and fuel lines).
 7.1 Giá treo động cơ
PYLONS - GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
The pylon has:
- a primary structure attached to the wing and
supporting the engine,
- a secondary structure, essentially fairings,
housing most of the systems.
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
 7.1 Giá treo động cơ
The pylon which is also known as the strut is
usually constructed with a frame and skin
structure. These are riveted and bonded together
to form a nacelle strut assembly. The nacelle
strut assembly has a torque box, firewall and
fireseal, fairings, strut drains, fan cowl support
beam and engine attach fittings
 7.1 Giá treo động cơ
The torque box is mainly constructed with spars, ribs, stiffeners and
skin panels like other main structure components. The torque box has a bearing
and engine attach fittings.
The torque box is attached to 3 areas on the wing which are the 2
forward pylon attach fittings and 1 aft pylon attach fitting. The forward
pylon—attach fittings are bolted to 2 sets of twin links. The twin links are
bolted to fittings that are attached to the wing front spar. The aft pylon attach
fitting is made by 2 [Link] shackles are connected with bolts to beams
fixed on to the wing.
The forward pylon attach fittings transmit weight and lateral
loads,while the aft pylon attach fitting transmits weight and longitudinal loads.
The bearing is found in the upper spar of the torque box behind the
forward attach fitting. The bearing transmits lateral and longitudinal loads
between the pylon and the wing and engages a spigot which is fixed to the
lower wing surface.
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
 7.1 Giá treo động cơ
PYLON TO WING ATTACHMENT (A320)
The forward pylon to wing attach fitting has a double
lugged fork attachments connected to the wing fitting by
means of four shackles.
This fitting located at Rib 4 is made of titanium alloy
and carries vertical loads.
The aft pylon to wing attach fitting has a single fail safe
lug connected to the wing fitting by means of two shackles.
This fitting located at Rib 10 is made of titanium alloy and
carries vertical and side loads.
Immediately behind the forward attach fitting a
spherical bearing transmits the thrust to a spigot bolted to the
bottom wing skin panel.
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
 7.1 Giá treo động cơ
PYLON TO ENGINE ATTACHMENT (A320)
At The forward engine to pylon attach fitting
there is a pyramid attached to the rib and made of
steel alloy.
This fitting transmits the engine thrust, side
loads and vertical loads.
At The aft engine to pylon attach fitting there
is an engine mount located at Rib 3 for CFM 56-5
engine configuration or at Rib 4 for IAE V2500
engine configuration. This fitting reacts to vertical
loads, side loads and roll movement.
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
 7.1 Giá treo động cơ
REAR ENGINE MOUNT:
The figure below presents the design of the rear engine mount. The
attachment to the pylon is achieved by 4 tension bolts. The failure of one of
these bolts does not lead to the loss of the engine (fail safe design). In addition
the bolts are secured by means of retainers.
The engine is attached to the cross beam by means of three links. These
links are fail safe and attached with pins.

FORWARD ENGINE MOUNT:

The attachment to the pylon is achieved by 4 tension bolts. The failure of
one of these bolts does not lead to the loss of the engine (fail safe principle). In
addition the bolts are secured by the means of retainers.
The engine is attached to the cross beam by means of three links. These
links are fail safe and attached with pins.
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
 7.1 Giá treo động cơ
PYLONS FAIRING
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
The pylon faring is composed of:
- the forward fairing,
- the pylon to wing center fillets,
- the aft fairing,
- the lower fairing.
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
 7.1 Giá treo động cơ
FORWARD FAIRING
The forward fairing can be divided into two sections; the
cantilever structure between Rib 01 and Rib 05, and the structure
between Rib 05 and Rib 9.
The cantilever structure gives an aerodynamic contour between
the engine nose cowl and the pylon box structure. It routes all systems
and the bleed air from the engine to the fuselage.
The structure between Rib 05 and Rib 9 gives an aerodynamic
contour between the cantilever structure and the wing leading edge, and
enables the routing of various system lines and electrical wiring.
It includes in particular two pressure relief doors (made from
titanium), which are designed to open in case of hot bleed air duct
bursting.
The structure is mainly made of stainless steel alloy.
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
 7.1 Giá treo động cơ
PYLON TO WING CENTER FILLETS
The pylon to wing center fillets give an
aerodynamic contour between the pylon box and the
wing bottom skin panel.
The pylon-to-wing center fillets are made of
aluminum alloy ribs.
These ribs support the panels made of hybrid
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP)/Aramid
Fiber Reinforced Plastic (AFRP) sandwich
construction.
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
 7.1 Giá treo động cơ
AFT FAIRING
The aft fairing is a removable secondary structure composed of two
parts:
- a fixed fairing located at the rear of the pylon box,
- a movable fairing underneath the flap.
The fixed fairing is attached by two points to the pylon box at Rib 10
and by one point to the wing box at the false rear spar.
The fixed fairing is assembled of ribs and skin panels made of
aluminum alloy, and includes a lower aft fairing made in AFRP sandwich
construction.
The movable fairing is hinged at Rib 14 and linked to the flap by a
rod attached to the fairing by a serrated plate system.
The internal structure of the movable fairing is mainly made of
aluminum alloy. The side panels are made in CFRP or AFRP sandwich
construction.
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
 7.1 Giá treo động cơ
LOWER FAIRING
A fairing located under the pylon box (lower fairing)
makes sure there is a continuity of the aerodynamic profile
between the pylon box and the engine nozzle.
Its function is:
- to supply thermal protection to the pylon from the
engine exhaust gases,
- to smooth out protrusions with minimal aerodynamic
drag changes.
The lower fairing is made of stainless steel alloy sheet except
for the bottom removable sole which is made of inconel 625
alloy.
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
 7.1 Giá treo động cơ
PYLON TO NACELLE JUNCTION
The pylon to nacelle junction has:
- Fan cowl door attachments.
The hinge fittings of the fan cowl doors are located
at Rib 01, Rib 03 and Rib 05. They are made of titanium
and installed on the forward secondary structure.
- Thrust reverser doors attachments
The hinge fittings of the thrust reverser doors are
located at Rib 1 and Rib 2. They are made of titanium and
installed on the primary structure (pylon box). An other
hinge (tie-bar) goes through the secondary structure.
7.1 Giá treo động cơ
 7.2 Vỏ động cơ

The nacelle cowling includes the inlet cowl, the

fan cowl, the thrust reverser and the exhaust
nozzle.
7.2 Vỏ động cơ
 7.2 Vỏ động cơ
The cowls enclose the periphery of the
engine so as to form the engine nacelle.
The nacelle ensures airflow around the
engine during its operation and also provides
protection for the engine and accessories
7.2 Vỏ động cơ
7.2 Vỏ động cơ
 7.2 Vỏ động cơ
The air intake cowl structure is an interchangeable aerodynamically
faired assembly which is mounted on the front of the engine fan case.
The assembly is composed of:
- an inner and outer barrel,
- a nose lip,
- a forward and aft bulkhead.
The assembly also includes installation of:
-the anti-icing ducting,
-the phone jack,
- the P2/T2 probe,
- hoisting provisions,
- a drainage provision,
- air intake collecting atmospheric air to ventilate the fan case
compartment
7.2 Vỏ động cơ
 7.2 Vỏ động cơ
FAN COWL DOORS (LH & RH)
There are two fan cowl doors to give access to the
fan case and gearbox installed accessories.
Four hinges hold each door at the pylon. Four
latches latch the door assembly along the bottom
centerline.
Each door is installed with:
- 2 hoisting points, for removal and installation,
- 2 hold-open struts, to open.
Access doors are also installed for the start valve
and to service the oil tank.
7.2 Vỏ động cơ
 7.2 Vỏ động cơ
THRUST REVERSER "C" DUCTS
The thrust reverser "C" ducts are in two halves installed with
cascades, blocker doors and translating sleeves.
Four hinges hold each half at the pylon. 6 latches latch the
halves assembly along the bottom centerline.
Each half is installed with:
- 3 attachment points for handling,
- 1 opening actuator operated with a hand pump,
- 2 hold-open rods for opening.
The latch assembly includes:
- 1 FWD bumper latch,
- 3 center latches, with access through a hinged access panel,
- 1 aft twin latch.
7.2 Vỏ động cơ
 7.2 Vỏ động cơ
FIREWALLS AND ACOUSTIC PANELS
The firewalls and fire seals protect from fire (to a fireproof standard) between
the power plant designated fire zones. The fire seals divide the space in the engine into
compartments. This means isolation limits propagation, if a fire occurs.
The aft bulkhead of the intake cowl and the rear of the inner barrel are made
of carbon composite sandwich and the two supply a firewall barrier to the fan case
compartment (zone 1).
The inner barrel in the air intake cowl is made of carbon fiber
composite/Nomex honeycomb for acoustic purpose and is bolted to the engine fan
casing front flange. The acoustic panels are structural and transmit air-intake cowl
loads.
The mixed exhaust system structure has acoustic panels. The engine exhaust
cone makes the inner contour of the common nozzle exhaust collector. This exhaust
cone is made of a welded inco 625 honeycomb perforated panel for sound attenuation.
In the thrust reverser, the translating sleeves are also installed with acoustic
panels. The acoustic panels are sandwich panels.
7.2 Vỏ động cơ
 7.2 Vỏ động cơ
COMMON NOZZLE ASSEMBLY
The Common Nozzle Assembly (CNA) mixes the
exhaust gases from the secondary and primary airflows. It
is bolted to the rear flange of the turbine exhaust case.
56 bolts attach the CNA to the LP turbine frame.
EXHAUST CONE
The exhaust cone supplies the inner contour of the
common exhaust stream flow. It is attached to the inner
flange of the turbine exhaust case.
13 bolts attach the exhaust cone to the inner LP
turbine frame.
7.2 Vỏ động cơ