Chapter 3- Cell Structure
Sex pilli Transfer DNA Between bacteria
during conjugation I
Communicati
-
DNA
Replica
tion
on of genetic Help bacteria stick to surfaces
info Between and composed of pilli protein
Bacteria Cell
bacteria
> Flagellum- enables
Prokaryotic Cell
1 Pilli movement and chemotaxis
Chromosomes
*
Plasmid
↑
Ribosome
S
.70s Cytoplasm Gel-like filling cell interior where cell
growth metabolism and replication
Endospore
Capsule
i Protect cells genetic material
WProtects the cell when conditions are harsh -
Cell Wall
&
Cell Membrane 2Support and Protection
S
Prevents leakage of cytoplasmic and
allow transport of specific nutrients
Eukaryotic Cell
Mitochondria-Power house of
Mitochondria *
·
cell producing ATP & make
Lysosomes own dna
Golgi Apparatus-Packaging
(Receives protein and lipids
modify them into vesicles for
Rough ER transport.
Smooth ER Smooth ER-Lipid r
Synthesis produce
&
&
phospholipids and
Cholesterol
Itranslate
Protein Synthesis
Nucleus Nucleolus RNA into
MRNA into Protein
Waste Disposal &
~ Recycle Center. Digestive
Enzymes breaks down
various Molecules
Golgi Apparatus Ribosome (80s)
·
Rough ER-Protein
synthesis folding and
modification
Nucleolus-
·Producing
Ribosomes
#
Nucleus DNA
①
Chapter 3 Contd:
Passive transport Active transport
O
Gram-Positive Gram-Negative
Energy required
No Energy Move molecules Low-high
Concentration Na+\K+ pump
Required Gradient
High-low Proton pump
Important to Endocytosis
Simple diffusion Cell
Exocytosis
Thin peptidoglydan Facilitated diffusion
Thick Peptidoglycan Large
Contains Teichoic & lipoteichoic Anchor to a lipoprotein Osmosis
Biofilms *Osmosis-Diffusion of water
Cells stick to each other and on surfaces though a permeable membrane *Pump Transport-
*Grow through cell division Needs ATP, goes against
*Diffusion-movement from a gradient
*Enclosed by extracellular mostly area of high concentration to
polysaccharides low concentration *Endocytosis- -
Phagocytosis (Cell
*Facilitated Diffusion-
#mmmcomm
Eating) Pinocytosis
Molecules move across a cell (Cell drinking)
Intracellular Fluid membrane with a transport
2/3 of body water
High potassium,phosphate,magnesium
67% protein without requiring
any energy
*Exocytosis-Large
molecules, formed by
the Golgi Apparatus and
*Filtration-moving are unicellular to
molecules through a eliminate waste
Extracellular Fluid membrane along a gradient.
Fluid surrounding cells 26% products
High sodium chloride bicarbonate
APO-means protein
Enzymes All enzymes ending in “ASES” are
catalyse meaning to break down
*Oxidoreductases-Tranfers of electrons Endoenzymes. VS Exoenzyme Enzymes
causing catalyzing oxidation and reduction
reaction *Works inside cell *Works outside cell *Temp
*Carries out *Breaking down *PH
*Transferases-Helps move metabolic molecules into *Substrate
functional groups from 1 processes smaller molecules, Concentration
molecule to another (Glycolysis,Kreb ones that can be *Product
Cycle & Protein absorbed Concentration
*Hydrolases-Breakdown Synthesis *Cofactors/
larger molecules into Coenzymes
smaller one using water Competitive inhibition-Compete for Active Sites
*Isomerases-
NonCompetitive Inhibition-Bind to Allosteric sites which changes the active site
Rearrange atoms to
create different
Cellular Respiration
Chapter 3-Final Page Cell Cycle
&
Initial Stage of
Happens in the
AEROBIC G2 G1-Growth
S-DNA synthesis
Cytoplasm and
Breaks down
S M G2-Growth &
preparation for
Glucose into 2 molecules mitosis
Of pyruvate Final stage NADH M-Mitosis (Cell
·
& FADH2 enters Division)
Electrons carried via the Electron G1
NADH O2 Transport Chain
ELECTRONS CARRIED VIA
[Link] & FADH
· where pumps
protons across the
Glycolysis
Glucose-Pyruvate Electron Transport
Chain
membrane, creating Mitosis
a protein gradient.
KREB
CYCLE The flow off *Prophase-Chromosomes condense, becoming
Cytoplasm Mitochondri
protons back across visible and the nuclear envelope begins to break
a the membrane down
· power ATP
Synthase where
*Metaphase-Chromosome line up along the
center of the cell, forming the metaphase plate
2 ATP
*2 ATP
2nd stage pyruvate is
36 ATP
majority of ATP is
made.
*Anaphase-Sister Chromatids separate and are
pulledand
towards
... opposite poles of the cell
*Telophase-The nuclear envelope reforms
around the chromosomes at each pole and the
converted into acetylene-Coa cell begins to divide
which enters the Kreb cycle
and more ATP NADH &
FADH2 & CO2 is
produced
Photosynthesis
Anaerobic (No Oxygen) Sunlight is used
to split water
·
&
· molecules
·
Glucose z
releasing oxygen
& &
2 NAD+
· Net 2 ATP
o2 NADH Glycolysis
*
Glycolosis breaks down glucose
- (2x) pyruvate into pyruvate producing small
amount of ATP with glucose
·
and NADH
2 NADH
/
Plants take in O2
Lactic Acid From air through
Stomata from
dioxide
·
2 NAD+ Fermentation leaves
-
No oxygen available
·
- pyruvate
(2x) Lactic acid goes through
fermentation which generates
Less ATP is produce since no oxygen NAD+ from NADH,
Present allowing Glycolysis to Water travels from roots ad travel to leave where
continue photosynthesis happens