JKSSB – Hard Level Ratio & Proportion Questions (With Solutions)
Q1. Mixture (Alligation)
In what ratio must a shopkeeper mix two varieties of rice costing ■42 per kg and ■55 per kg so
that by selling the mixture at ■54 per kg he gains 20%?
Solution:
Let the cost price (CP) of 1 kg of mixture be M.
Given: Selling Price (SP) = ■54 and Gain = 20%
So, SP = 1.2 × CP ⇒ 54 = 1.2M ⇒ M = 54 / 1.2 = 45
Thus, the mean price (CP of mixture) is ■45 per kg.
Now apply alligation between ■42 and ■55 for mean price ■45:
Cheaper price = 42
Dearer price = 55
Mean price = 45
Difference on dearer side = 55 − 45 = 10
Difference on cheaper side = 45 − 42 = 3
Therefore, Required ratio (■42 : ■55) = 10 : 3
Answer: 10 : 3
Q2. Ages and Ratios
The present ages of A and B are in the ratio 5 : 7 and the ages of B and C are in the ratio 3 :
4.
After 6 years, the sum of the ages of A, B and C will be 82 years. Find the present age of C.
Solution:
A:B=5:7
B:C=3:4
Make B equal in both ratios.
From A : B = 5 : 7, multiply both sides by 3 ⇒ A : B = 15 : 21
From B : C = 3 : 4, multiply both sides by 7 ⇒ B : C = 21 : 28
So combined ratio A : B : C = 15 : 21 : 28
Let their present ages be: A = 15k, B = 21k, C = 28k.
After 6 years:
A’s age = 15k + 6
B’s age = 21k + 6
C’s age = 28k + 6
Sum after 6 years = (15k + 6) + (21k + 6) + (28k + 6)
= 64k + 18
Given: 64k + 18 = 82
⇒ 64k = 64
⇒k=1
So, C’s present age = 28k = 28 years.
Answer: 28 years
Q3. Salaries and Percentage Change
The salaries of A and B are in the ratio 4 : 5. A’s salary is increased by 25% and B’s salary
is increased by 10%. The new salaries are now in the ratio 10 : 11. If the total of their
original salaries was ■81,000, find B’s original salary.
Solution:
Let original salaries be:
A = 4x, B = 5x
After increase:
A’s new salary = 4x + 25% of 4x = 4x + x = 5x
B’s new salary = 5x + 10% of 5x = 5x + 0.5x = 5.5x
Given new ratio is 10 : 11.
Check: 5x : 5.5x = 5 : 5.5 = 50 : 55 = 10 : 11 ✔
(So the ratio condition is automatically satisfied for any x.)
Total of original salaries = 4x + 5x = 9x = 81,000
⇒ x = 81,000 / 9 = 9,000
Thus, B’s original salary = 5x = 5 × 9,000 = ■45,000.
Answer: ■45,000
Q4. Partnership with Changing Capitals
A, B and C started a business with capitals in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. After 4 months, A withdrew
half of his capital, B doubled his capital and C’s capital remained the same for the whole
year. At the end of the year, the profit is divided in the ratio 4 : 15 : 12. If their total
initial capital was ■1,80,000, find B’s initial capital.
Solution:
Given capital ratio A : B : C = 2 : 3 : 4
Sum of ratios = 2 + 3 + 4 = 9
Total capital = ■1,80,000
1 part = 1,80,000 ÷ 9 = 20,000
So,
A’s initial capital = 2 × 20,000 = 40,000
B’s initial capital = 3 × 20,000 = 60,000
C’s initial capital = 4 × 20,000 = 80,000
Now compute capital × time (months):
A:
First 4 months: capital = 40,000
Next 8 months: capital = half of 40,000 = 20,000
A’s capital-months = 40,000 × 4 + 20,000 × 8
= 1,60,000 + 1,60,000
= 3,20,000
B:
First 4 months: capital = 60,000
Next 8 months: doubled capital = 1,20,000
B’s capital-months = 60,000 × 4 + 1,20,000 × 8
= 2,40,000 + 9,60,000
= 12,00,000
C:
Capital remains = 80,000 for 12 months.
C’s capital-months = 80,000 × 12
= 9,60,000
So ratio of profit = A : B : C = 3,20,000 : 12,00,000 : 9,60,000
Divide by 80,000:
= 4 : 15 : 12 (matches the given profit ratio)
Hence our capitals are correct.
Therefore, B’s initial capital = ■60,000.
Answer: ■60,000
Q5. Wrong Division of a Sum
A certain sum of money is to be divided between two persons in the ratio 3 : 5. By mistake, it
is divided in the ratio 5 : 3 instead. As a result, each person’s share is wrong by ■48. Find
the total sum.
Solution:
Let the total sum be S.
Correct division:
Person 1 should get = (3/8)S
Person 2 should get = (5/8)S
Wrong division (reversed):
Person 1 actually gets = (5/8)S
Person 2 actually gets = (3/8)S
So for each person, the difference between correct and wrong share is:
Difference = (5/8)S − (3/8)S = (2/8)S = S/4
Given this difference is ■48:
S/4 = 48
⇒ S = 48 × 4 = 192
Answer: ■192
Q6. Ratio of Two Numbers Changes
Two numbers are in the ratio 7 : 9. If 1 is added to the smaller number and 3 is subtracted
from the larger number, the ratio becomes 4 : 3. Find the original numbers.
Solution:
Let the two numbers be 7k and 9k.
New numbers after changes:
Smaller: 7k + 1
Larger : 9k − 3
Given:
(7k + 1) / (9k − 3) = 4 / 3
Cross multiply:
3(7k + 1) = 4(9k − 3)
21k + 3 = 36k − 12
Bring terms together:
21k + 3 + 12 = 36k
21k + 15 = 36k
15 = 36k − 21k = 15k
⇒k=1
So the numbers are:
7k = 7 × 1 = 7
9k = 9 × 1 = 9
Answer: 7 and 9
Q7. Angles of a Quadrilateral
The four interior angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5 : 8. Find the largest
angle of the quadrilateral.
Solution:
Sum of interior angles of a quadrilateral = 360°.
Let the angles be 2x, 3x, 5x, 8x.
Then:
2x + 3x + 5x + 8x = 360
18x = 360
⇒ x = 360 / 18 = 20°
Largest angle = 8x = 8 × 20° = 160°
Answer: 160°
Q8. Compound Ratio
If x : y = 3 : 4 and y : z = 5 : 6, find the ratio (x + z) : y.
Solution:
x:y=3:4
y:z=5:6
We first make the value of y the same in both ratios.
From x : y = 3 : 4, multiply by 5 ⇒ x : y = 15 : 20
From y : z = 5 : 6, multiply by 4 ⇒ y : z = 20 : 24
Now we have x : y : z = 15 : 20 : 24.
Then:
(x + z) : y = (15 + 24) : 20
= 39 : 20
Answer: 39 : 20
Q9. Two Conditions on Two Numbers
Two numbers are such that if 15 is added to each, the ratio becomes 3 : 4, but if 3 is
subtracted from each, the ratio becomes 2 : 3. Find the two numbers.
Solution:
Let the numbers be a and b.
Condition 1:
(a + 15) / (b + 15) = 3 / 4
⇒ 4(a + 15) = 3(b + 15)
⇒ 4a + 60 = 3b + 45
⇒ 4a − 3b = 45 − 60 = −15 …(i)
Condition 2:
(a − 3) / (b − 3) = 2 / 3
⇒ 3(a − 3) = 2(b − 3)
⇒ 3a − 9 = 2b − 6
⇒ 3a − 2b = 3 …(ii)
Now solve (i) and (ii):
(i) 4a − 3b = −15
(ii) 3a − 2b = 3
Multiply (ii) by 3 to eliminate b:
9a − 6b = 9 …(iii)
Multiply (i) by 2:
8a − 6b = −30 …(iv)
Subtract (iv) from (iii):
(9a − 6b) − (8a − 6b) = 9 − (−30)
9a − 6b − 8a + 6b = 39
a = 39
Substitute a = 39 into (ii):
3(39) − 2b = 3
117 − 2b = 3
−2b = 3 − 117 = −114
⇒ b = 57
So the numbers are 39 and 57.
Answer: 39 and 57
Q10. Boys and Girls in a Class
In a class, the ratio of boys to girls is 7 : 5. If 4 boys leave the class and 8 girls join,
the new ratio becomes 13 : 12. Find the original total number of students in the class.
Solution:
Let the number of boys = 7x
Let the number of girls = 5x
After changes:
Boys = 7x − 4
Girls = 5x + 8
Given new ratio:
(7x − 4) / (5x + 8) = 13 / 12
Cross multiply:
12(7x − 4) = 13(5x + 8)
84x − 48 = 65x + 104
84x − 65x = 104 + 48
19x = 152
⇒ x = 152 / 19 = 8
So,
Boys = 7x = 7 × 8 = 56
Girls = 5x = 5 × 8 = 40
Total students = 56 + 40 = 96
Answer: 96 students (56 boys and 40 girls)
Q11. Mixture of Pulses (Alligation)
A grocer wishes to mix two varieties of pulses costing ■69 per kg and ■92 per kg so that the
resulting mixture costs ■79.50 per kg. In what ratio should the two varieties be mixed (cheaper
: costlier)?
Solution:
Cheaper variety price = 69
Costlier variety price = 92
Mean price (mixture) = 79.50
Apply alligation:
Difference on costlier side = 92 − 79.5 = 12.5
Difference on cheaper side = 79.5 − 69 = 10.5
Ratio (cheaper : costlier) = 12.5 : 10.5
To remove decimals, multiply both by 10:
= 125 : 105
Divide by 5:
= 25 : 21
Answer: 25 : 21 (■69 : ■92)
Q12. Work and Ratio of Efficiencies
A and B together can complete a piece of work in 12 days. The ratio of their efficiencies is 3
: 5 (i.e., B is more efficient). In how many days can B alone complete the work?
Solution:
Let efficiencies be:
A = 3k (work units per day)
B = 5k
Together, efficiency = 3k + 5k = 8k
Given together they take 12 days.
Total work W = (combined efficiency) × time
= 8k × 12
= 96k (work units)
If B alone is working, his efficiency = 5k.
Time taken by B alone = Total work / B’s efficiency
= 96k / 5k
= 96 / 5 days
= 19.2 days
Answer: 19.2 days (or 96/5 days, i.e., 19 days 4 hours)