Oral communication implies communication through mouth.

It includes individuals
conversing with each other, be it direct conversation or telephonic conversation. Speeches,
presentations, discussions are all forms of oral communication. Oral communication is generally
recommended when the communication matter is of temporary kind or where a direct
interaction is required. Face to face communication (meetings, lectures, conferences, interviews,
etc.) is significant so as to build a rapport and trust.
Great communication skills are your ticket to success in the academic and business world. But
haveyou ever been overcome by fear or anxiety prior to going on a job interview or speaking
in front of an audience?
Knowing when to choose oral communication and polishing your speaking skills can help you
at every stage of your career.
What is Oral communication?
Oral communication is the process of verbally transmitting information and ideas from one
individual or group to another. Oral communication can be either Formal or Informal.

Examples of informal oral communication include:

Face-to-face conversations
Telephone conversations
Discussions that take place at business meetings

More formal types of oral communication include:

Presentations at business meetings
Classroom lectures
Commencement speech given at a graduation ceremony
With advances in technology, new forms of oral communication continue to develop. Video
Phones and Video Conferences combine audio and video so that workers in distant locations
can both see and speak with each other.

Other modern forms of oral communication include Podcasts (audio clips that you can access on
the Internet) and Voiceover Internet Protocol (VoIP), which allows callers to communicate over
the Internet and avoid telephone charges. Skype is an example of VoIP.
OBJECTIVE
What are the three purposes of oral communication?
Modern public speaking scholars typically use a classification system of three general purposes:
to inform, to persuade, and to entertain.
CONTEXT
The circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it
can be fully understood."the proposals need to be considered in the context of new European
directives"
Synonyms: circumstances, conditions, surroundings, factors, state of affairs, situation, and
environment
The parts of something written or spoken that immediately precede and follow a word or
passage and clarify its meaning. "Skilled readers use context to construct meaning from words
as they are read"
Four Types of Context in Writing. There are several types of context, including cultural,
historical, physical, and rhetorical.

Advantages of Oral Communication

 There is high level of understanding and transparency in oral communication as it is
interpersonal. There is no element of rigidity in oral communication.
 There is flexibility for allowing changes in the decisions previously taken.
 The feedback is spontaneous in case of oral communication. Thus, decisions can be
made quickly without any delay.
 Oral communication is not only time saving, but it also saves upon money and efforts.
 Oral communication is best in case of problem resolution. The conflicts, disputes and
many issues/differences can be put to an end by talking them over. Oral communication
is an essential for teamwork and group energy.
 Oral communication promotes a receptive and encouraging morale among
organizational employees.
 Oral communication can be best used to transfer private and confidential
information/matter.
Disadvantages of Oral Communication
 Relying only on oral communication may not be sufficient as business communication
is formal and very organized.
 Oral communication is less authentic than written communication as they are informal
and not as organized as written communication.
 Oral communication is time-saving as far as daily interactions are concerned, but in
case of meetings, long speeches consume lot of time and are unproductive at times.
 Oral communications are not easy to maintain and thus they are unsteady.
 There may be misunderstandings as the information is not complete and may lack
essentials. It requires attentiveness and great receptivity on part of the
receivers/audience.
  Oral communication (such as speeches) is not frequently used as legal records except in
investigation work.

Types of oral communication

 Intrapersonal communication is self-talk or a conversation you hold with yourself
under certain circumstances – for example, when you need to make an important
decision or learn something about yourself. You may wonder whether intrapersonal
communication is just another way of describing the thinking process. In a way, that
would be correct.
 Interpersonal communication is communication between several people. This form of
communication may range from the impersonal to the very personal. Impersonal
communication is when you talk with a person you do not really care about – there is
often coldness or indifference in your attitude when you engage in this kind of
communication.
 Small group communication takes place in a group, usually comprising five to 10
people. This form of communication serves relationship needs (like companionship,
family bonding and affection or support) as well as task-based needs, for example,
deciding on disciplinary action or resolving conflict in the workplace.
 Public communication, also known as public speaking, involves communication
between a speaker and an audience. This audience may range from just a few people to
thousands or even millions of people. The aim of the speaker is usually to inform or to
persuade the audience to act, buy, or think in a certain way. A teacher may address an
assembly of students on codes of behaviour or school rules.
 Mass communication is communication that is sent out from a source to many
receivers all over the world. It takes place through media like films, radio, videos and
television. Modern avenues of mass communication like the Internet and blogs can be
very powerful indeed as information is disseminated instantly.
 Corporate communication is communication that takes place among members of an
organization, within that organization. Interacting in teams, conferencing with co-
workers, talking with a supervisor or manager, giving employees explanations and
directions, interviewing and making presentations are some examples of corporate
communication.

 Exercises: Complete the sentences with the forms of to be in the present and past
simple (am, is, are, was, were).
 1. Josh and Jeremy___________my best friends in school, we hang out everyday after
class.
2. In middle school, Andre_____________so lazy.
3. My grandfather______________ninety years old when he passed away.
4. Madam Ana_____________from Gurué, people love her.
5. The game____________under my control now.
6. _______________ the tea still hot or I can get you another one?
7. Our neighbor's dog__________so loud last night.
8. It_______________snowing yesterday at around this time.
9. The little kitty_______________running after the mouse two minutes ago.
10. The children_____________not listening to the teacher when he came in.
11. His uncle______________very rich, he can buy anything he wants.
12._____________ you sixteen last year?
13. Jessica and Lea_____________making a model airplane right now.
14. I____________playing the piano at present.
15. There____________more dozens of apples in the tree now.
Exercise 2: write a composition about yourself, don’t forget your name, place of birth,
your occupation, where you live, and your age.

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
 1. Ways to ask and share information
Asking for information can be as simple as asking for the time, or as complicated as asking for
details about a complicated process. In both cases, it's important to use the appropriate form
for the situation. For example, when asking for information from a friend, use a more informal
or colloquial form. When asking a colleague, use a slightly more formal form, and when asking
for information from a stranger, use an appropriately formal construction.
Very Informal Structures
If you are asking a friend or family member for information, use a direct question.
Simple Question Structure: Wh? + Helping Verb + Subject + Verb
1. How much does it cost? 2. Where does she live?
More Formal Structures
Use these forms for simple, everyday questions in stores, with colleagues at work, and in other
formal situations.
Structure: Pardon me / Excuse me + Can / Could you tell me + Wh? + Subject + verb?
Can you tell me when the train arrives?
Pardon me, could you tell me how much the book costs?
Formal and More Complicated Questions
Use these forms when asking complicated questions that require a lot of information. These
should also be used when asking questions of important people such as your boss, on a job
interview, etc.
Structure: I wonder if you could + tell me/explain/provide information on...
I wonder if you could explain how health insurance is handled at your company.
I wonder if you could provide information on your pricing structure.
Structure: Would you mind + verb + ing
Would you mind telling me a little bit more about benefits at this company?
Would you mind going over the savings plan again?
Replying to a Request for Information
If you would like to provide information when asked for information, start your reply with one
of the following phrases.
Informal
1. Sure 2. No problem 3. Let me see.
 More Formal

1. I'd be happy to answer that 2. I should be able to answer your question.

[Link]'d be a pleasure to help you.

Saying No
If you do not have the answer to a request for information, use one of the phrases below to
indicate that you are unable to answer the question. Saying 'no,' is never fun, but sometimes it's
necessary. Instead, it's common to offer a suggestion as to where someone might find the
information.
Informal
[Link], I can't help you out 2. Sorry, but I don't know that. 3. That's beyond me, sorry.
More Formal
1. I'm afraid I don't have the answer to that question.
2. I'd like to help you. Unfortunately, I don't have that information / don't know.

Role Play Exercises:

Exercise 1. Simple Situation

Customer: Excuse me, can you tell me where I can find menswear?
Shop Assistant: Sure. Menswear is on the second floor.
Customer: Oh, also, could you tell me where sheets are.
Shop Assistant: No problem, sheets are on the third floor at the back.
Customer: Thanks for your help.
Shop Assistant: My pleasure.

 Exercise 2. More Complex or Formal Situation

Man: Excuse me, would you mind answering some questions?

Business Colleague: I'd be happy to help.
Man: I wonder if you could tell me when the project is going to begin.
Business Colleague: I believe we're beginning the project next month.
Man: and who will be responsible for the project.
Business Colleague: I think Bob Smith is in charge of the project.
Man: OK, finally, would you mind telling me how much the estimated cost will be?
Business Colleague: I'm afraid I can't answer that. Perhaps you should speak to my director.
Man: Thank you. I thought you might say that. I'll speak to Mr. Anders.
Business Colleague: Yes, that would be best for that type of information.

Man: Thank you for helping out.

Business Colleague: My pleasure.
We have been trained not to ask for what we want. We will bend ourselves backwards, deny our
feelings, and burn ourselves out all to avoid stating our needs. Our social conditioning, and
specifically our inner Saboteur, holds us back by stating that putting ourselves first is selfish or
wrong, or that we should always give to others first. And yet, we cannot give away what we
don’t have. In other words, we must learn to give to ourselves first, fill our own cup so to speak,
before we can feed others.

Our social conditioning is based in fear. The four most common ones I see are:

1. Fear of rejection – If I ask for what I want I’ll get turned down, shunned…again!
2. Fear of success – If I ask for what I want, and actually get it, will I be able to handle it?
3. Fear of loss – If I ask for what I want and get it, what might I have to leave behind?
4. Fear of the unknown – If I ask for what I want and get it, then what? Where will I be?
What else may open up?

Asking for what we want can feel vulnerable. We are creatures of habit, and we like to stay
within what’s comfortable and familiar. When we ask for what we want we step out of the
shadows to declare ourselves and open to the possibility of the new and unknown.

15 simple ways to express your needs and desires:

 What works for me is to go slow right now.

 I’d love to do something different, like go for a hike.
 I’d like to go camping this weekend.
 Can you repeat that?
 What I need is a bit more space, and what that looks like is…
 What resonates for me is spending time indoors.
 My body needs movement.
 My sense is I’m going to need more time than I originally said I would.
 I want to go swimming today.
 I would like to share my poem with you.
 My heart is telling me to go there instead.
 My intuition is telling me to leave.
 I need to leave early.
 Will you join me?
 Let’s go for an adventure!
Expressing your feelings before asking for what you want helps you to connect to yourself and
the other person, as well as communicate the importance of your request. For instance:
 I am feeling tired. I need to leave early.
 I feel energized! Let’s go for an adventure!
 I’m feeling uncomfortable about that choice. My heart is telling me to go there instead.
Feeling words: Examples of feeling words you may find useful are ~ uncomfortable,
overwhelmed, unclear, stressed, uncertain, tired, confused. These words have less of an edge
than words like frustrated, angry, disrespected, and annoyed, and are less likely to cause the
other person to feel defensive.

Extra Tips

1. Just like in 15 Ways to Say No, use as much first person language as you can.
Using words like I, Me, My, and Mine help you access and express your truth.
2. Ask for what you want more of instead of less of. If you catch yourself
saying, I want you to stop being so messy, change it to, I need more
organization in our house. By doing this we express our needs/values and
educate the other person on who we are and what is important to us. We are
also better able to connect with the other person, and limit feelings of judgment
and defensiveness.
3. Be calm be aware of your energy while you are speaking. Tone is what creates
the majority of the impact in conversation. So stay centred, take a deep breath if
needed, and fill your words with calm, grounded energy.

Expressing your needs and desires is essential for living a balanced and fulfilled life. Take time
to check in with yourself regularly. If you feel stressed or out of balance, chances are there is a
need not being met that wants to be honoured.

 Exercise: pretend that you are together your family or friends and you are willing to do
the following: (how would you express your desire?)

1. Have a dinner in a restaurant 2. Play football 3. Go for a walk 4. Drink tea

WH Question Words
We use question words to ask certain types of questions.

Essentially, there are two types of questions: Yes / No questions and Wh– questions. Wh–
questions are so called because with the exception of the question word how, all the question
words begin with the letters Wh. They are also called open questions because the number of
possible responses is limitless. This means they must be answered with more information than
just a simple “yes” or “no.”

Here are the Wh- English question words.

Who, whom, what, when, where, why, how, which and whose.

question word function example sentence

what asking for different information about What is your name?

something

asking for repetition or confirmation What? I can't hear you.

You did what?

what...for asking for a reason, asking why What did you do that for?

when asking about time When did he leave?

where asking in or at what place or position Where do they live?

which asking about choice Which colour do you want?

who asking what or which person or people Who opened the door?
(subject)

whom asking what or which person people Whom did you see?
(object)

whose asking about ownership Whose are these keys?

Whose turn is it?
 why asking for reason, asking what...for Why do you say that?

why don't making a suggestion Why don't I help you?

how asking about manner How does this work?

asking about condition or quality How was your exam?

how + adj/adv asking about extent or degree see examples below

how far distance How far is Gurué from

Quelimane?

how long length (time or space) How long will it take?

how many quantity (countable) How many cars are there?

how much quantity (uncountable) How much money do you

have?

how old age How old are you?

how come asking for reason, asking why How come I can't see her?
(informal)

Prepositions of Place
Prepositions of place describe the position of a person or thing in relation to another person or
thing.

Look at this picture:

Now look at these example sentences based on the prepositions in the picture:

There is a cup on the table.

The helicopter hovered above the house.
The police placed a sheet over the body.
He stood in front of the door and rang the bell.
Ramos sat beside Tara.
A small stream runs below that bridge.
He put the key under the doormat.
He put his hands behind his back.

Parts of a building.
School is the most fundamental foundation of knowledge to which children are exposed for the
very first time. It is a place for them to acquire knowledge in various fields of education and
helps in the child’s overall development in mental, physical, and social aspects of life.
School is a vital part of our lives, and we should be aware of all the important places in school
premises. A wide variety of words in English which are the names of different places in school
are used in our daily lives, and hence we need to know these words to increase our vocabulary
and improve our communication.

List of School Building Rooms and Places

The classroom, The library, The principal’s office, The computer room, The music room, The
art room, The playground, The school grounds, The schoolyard, The gymnasium, The science
room, The cafeteria, The lockers, The girls’ room, The boys’ room, The pool, The auditorium,
The locker room, The football field, The baseball field, The parking lot.
A form is a structured document with a fixed arrangement. Forms
are used to collect the required information in a logical, meaningful
fashion for communication and pass to another entity. When you
picture what a form is, you can conjure many different types of
documents.

CHECK IN FORM
Dear Guest:
Please fill in and sign the following form and return to our office before your arrival by any of:
Email: accommodation@[Link]
Mail: Shop 6, 97-103 Melbourne Street, MULWALA NSW 2647
Fax: (03) 5744 2292
Unfortunately, we are unable to hand out keys without this completed form. Thank you for your
assistance with this. We look forward to seeing you for your holiday with us in
Yarrawonga/Mulwala!
Property
Booked: ..............................................................................................................................
Dates
Booked: ...................................................................................................................................
Name of
Booking: .............................................................................................................................
Your
Address: ....................................................................................................................................
Your Home Phone: ................................................ Your Mobile
Phone: ...........................................
Your E-Mail
Address: .........................................................................................................................
I ............................................................................. have read and agree to and will abide by all
of the
terms and conditions that are set out in the Yarrawonga Mulwala Accommodation Centre Terms
and
Conditions.
Guest Signature .................................................................................
Date...................................
Card Number ................../................/................../.................Expiry Date ............../.................
Name on Card: .................................................................................................................
Amount: …………………….
Type of card (please circle) Mastercard / VISA
By provision of this form you accept full responsibility for any breakages, loss or damage caused to the Premises and/or
its
contents directly or indirectly caused by the Guest, or by any other occupant or any other person invited on or in the
Premises
by the Guest during the Tenancy and hereby authorises the Agent to pay for any such breakages, loss, damage and all
forms
of cleaning (including but not limited to rubbish removal) of the Premises by deduction of the applicable amount from the
Security Bond and where the Security Bond is not sufficient to cover the cost of the payment required the Guest agrees
for the
credit card to be charged for the total cost of damages. In the event payment by credit card fails for any reason the
Guest
agrees to pay the balance within 7 days of being notified in writing of the payment required by the Agent.
N.B. Your credit card will also have an amount of $100 charged as a credit card pre-
authorisation,
before or at arrival. This forms the Security Bond.