BASICPIANO

JIREH MUSIC ACADEMY

 THE12SOUNDS
Musical notes are the basic material for defining the pitch of a given sound. The organization of musical notes
is given by the well-known names of notes:
Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, and Si. But it is necessary to clarify that there are not only these 7 notes, in reality there are other notes that our
The ear is capable of perceiving, but due to the organization that has been decided, we have simplified the notes to 12 different sounds.
that are repeated at different heights.

The sharps (#) and the flats (b)

Sharps and flats are alterations because they change the sound of a note. Knowing that there are 7 basic notes:
Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, and Si, using alterations (sharps and flats) we can create other different notes to complete 12.
sounds that will repeat throughout the entire auditory spectrum. Using only sustained notes, the basic musical notes are:
Do, Do#, Re, Re#, Mi, Fa, Fa#, Sol, Sol#, La, La# y Si
using only flats the same 12 notes (they sound exactly the same) are:
Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si
If you analyze the two scales, both the sharps and the flats, and if you know that they sound the same, you will see that they have different names.
of notes for the same sounds, for example D# and Eb sound the same.
 DISTANCESOFNOTESINTONESANDSEMITONES

• To effectively organize the notes, it is said that the minimum possible distance between two notes
Different musical notes have different sounds, it's a half tone, or a semitone or 1/2 tone. As well.
we know from mathematics, 1/2 + 1/2 = 1. Based on this we can say that between Do and Reb, there exists a
distance of a semitone. Since Reb is equal to Do#, there is also a semitone or half between Do and Do#.
tone that is the same.
• Usando las matemáticas podemos crear varios ejemplos y decir que entre Do y Mi hay 2 tonos, porque al
sum the different semitones that occur between these two notes (C to C# + C# to D + D to D# +
From Re# to Mi) we obtain 4 semitones which add up to 2 tones (1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2 = 2 tones).
 THEOCTAVESINTHENOTES
Musicals
• Musical notes repeat at different pitches, therefore the entire cycle of notes
musicals we saw earlier, start again, this means that after Yes,
starts again Do, Re, Mi, etc. To the whole complete cycle of notes from Do to Do, or from Re to Re or
from any note back to itself, we call it an octave.
 MUSICALENCRYPTION
•Abbreviation
To avoid writing all these words over and over again, musicians replaced the notes with symbols in a
staff or with letters —although letters are preferably used to abbreviate chords.
+ it is replaced with the letter A
+ if with B
+ with C
+ with D
+ me with E
+ does with F, and

+ sun with G

•C – C# – D – D# - E – F – F# – G – G# – A – A# – B – C

•C – Db – D – Eb – E – F – Gb – G – Ab – A – Bb – B – C
INTERVALSFROM2MTO
EIGHTH
SCALE MAJORS

SIGN NAME DISTANCE EXAMPLE

UNISON 0 TONOCMAYOR
2m= Minor Second ½ TONE DO A REb
2M= Second Major 1 TONODO to RE
3m= Minor Third 1 TONE ½ Do a Mib
3M= Third Major 2 TONES DO a MI
4J= FOURTH JUST 2TONE ½ DOaFA
4Aug= FOURTH INCREASED 3 TONES DO a FA#
5J = FIFTH JUST 3 TONES ½ DO a SOL
6m= MINOR SIXTH 4 TONES Do a lab
6M= SIXTH MAJOR 4 TONES ½ Do a la
7m= Minor Seventh 5 TONES DO a SIb
7M= Seventh Major 5 TONES ½ DO a SI
8J= EIGHTH JUST 6 TONES Do a Superior Do
THETECHNIQUEOFTHEHANDS
THEPULSEANDBASICMUSICALFIGURES
• To make this concept easy to understand, we can define it as follows: the pulse
es la manera de [Link] la música es la organización de distintos elementos, debemos asegurarnos
de que cada nota, cada figura musical esté exactamente donde debería. Para interpretar música debemos
keep track, and for that we count.
• As music is varied and has many styles, there are also different ways of telling. The way of
count is determined by the rhythmic structure of a work, what we mentioned earlier about relating
certain patterns with certain styles
• The difficulty arises when you have to play music following a pulse, as while you play the piano, at
At first, you can only focus on playing the music on the instrument, but you are not trained.
still for it to go well regarding the pulse.
• musical notes are represented by notes, called in the Latin system, Do, Re, Mi,
F, G, A, B. In American notation, the first seven letters of the alphabet, A, B, C, D, E, F and
G. To determine what sound each line of the staff represents, the "clef" is used. This is
a symbol that is placed at the beginning of the staff. In this case, the G clef is the one we're going to
to use for learning to interpret melodies.
MUSICALFIGURES
EXAMPLEANDEXERCISE
 FORMULAANDCONSTRUCTIONOFMAJORCHORDS
MINORS

Major Chord = Root + Major Third +

Fifth Just = 1 - 3 - 5

Minor Chord = Root + Minor Third +

Fifth Fair = 1 -b3 - 5
MAJORCHORDS
Major chords on the piano are, along with minor chords, the most basic type of chords.
easier to play. These chords are triadic chords, as they are formed with three notes.
Major chords are formed with the root note, the major third, and the perfect fifth.
A major third with respect to the fundamental note is equivalent to a distance of two tones.
An augmented fifth corresponds to a distance of three and a half tones.
The distance between the major third and the perfect fifth is one and a half tones.
For example, let's suppose we want to form the C major chord (C). In this case the
fundamental es elDo. La nota que se encuentra a dos tonos de distancia del Do es elMi(intervalo de
third major). Finally, the note that forms a perfect fifth with C is G. So the chord of
The major scale is formed with the notes Do, Mi, Sol.
 C Major Chord D Major Chord
F#

C E G D A
I REMEMBER MY GREAT (E)
G# F MAJOR CHORD (F)

E B F A C

G MAJOR CHORD (G) A Major (A)

C#

G B D A E
B major chord
D# F#

B
 MAJORCHORDSOFTHENOTES
ALTERED
In this section, we show the major chords of the altered notes. There are ten altered notes.
that give rise to ten chords. Although these 10 chords have different names, many of them are
they play on the piano with the same keys. This is due to the equivalence between altered notes.
• On the piano, these chords are formed by taking the black keys as fundamentals. Starting from
From each black key, we can build a major chord that can have two different names.
For example, starting from the key of C sharp we can build the chord of C sharp.
however, the C sharp key is also the D flat key. Therefore, the
the chord we have built is also the D flat major chord. In musical theory this...
Two chords are defined as enharmonically equivalent.
C# Major Chord D SHARP MAJOR CHORD (D#) or
D flat major E flat major (Eb)

F# Major chord (F#) or G# Major Chord

G-flat major A flat major

A# MINOR CHORD
B-flat Major (Bb)
 MinorChords
In this section, we show you the notes corresponding to each chord taking as
Fundamental are the seven natural notes. There are three minor chords that are built.
only with white keys.
These are the chords D minor (Dm), E minor (Em), and A minor (Am). The rest of the chords
Sharps of the natural notes use a black key.
You can click the image for more details about the notes and investments of each chord.

C minor chord (Cm) D minor chord (Dm)

A minor chord (Em) F minor chord (Fm)

G minor chord (Gm) A minor chord (Am)

B minor chord (Bm)

 MINORCHORDSOFTHENOTES
ALTEREDONTHEPIANO
• Here we include the minor chords that are formed by taking the notes as fundamentals.
altered. Theoretically, there are ten distinct chords based on ten altered notes. However,
Due to enharmonic equivalence, we could say that only five distinct chords exist, each
one with two different names. This is due to the following equivalence
• Each pair of these chords is played using the same notes on the piano, but it can receive two
different names. For example, the C-sharp minor chord is played exactly the same
the form of the D flat minor chord.
• The following keyboards show the notes of each chord. If you click the images, you can get more.
details of each chord.
C sharp minor chord (C#m) or D# minor chord (D#m) or
D flat minor (Dbm) E-flat minor (Ebm)

F sharp minor chord (F#m) or G sharp minor chord (G#m) or

G sharp minor (Gbm) A flat minor (Abm)

A# minor chord (A#m) or

B flat minor (Bbm)
 SCALESBYMAJORCHORDS
Major scales are diatonic scales (all successive intervals are of a second) and
heptatonic (constructed with seven notes).
A major scale can be defined based on the sequence of intervals between notes. If the scale is
build in ascending order the distance between the seven notes must follow the following
sequence:

• C MAJOR SCALE ( C ) D MAJOR SCALE

E Major Scale (E) F MAJOR SCALE (F)

G MAJOR SCALE A MAJOR SCALE ( A )

B Major Scale
 SCALEBYMINORCHORDS
The minor scales are also diatonic and heptatonic scales. An important aspect is that while only
there is one type of major scale, there are three variations of the minor scale. These three variations are the scale
natural minor, the harmonica and the melodica.
These variations are also defined by the intervals between the different notes.
The natural minor scale is the most common of these three variations, the intervals of this scale are the
following:

C minor scale (Cm) D minor scale (Dm)

E MINOR SCALE ( Em ) F MINOR SCALE ( Fm )

G MINOR SCALE ( Gm ) A minor scale (Am)

B Minor Scale (Bm)

 BASICPROGRESSIONS
What are chord progressions?
Chord progressions are series of two or more chords used in a composition. The
The chords of a progression are represented by Roman numerals and defined by a scale.
From Beach House to Beethoven, chord progressions determine how a
musical piece with time.
Since all relationships between two musical notes are permanent, you can use symbols,
Something that will save you time in understanding how chords work.
Roman numerals are the most commonly used symbols to describe how chords work.
in each scale. Musical scales are sets of notes built based on patterns
repeated—like the greatest and the least.
 MAJOR CHORD PROGRESSIONS

I ii iii IV V I seventh
DECREASED
MAYOR MINOR MINOR MAYOR MAYOR MINOR
O
C Dm In F G Am Bdim

D Em Fm G A Bm C#dim

E F#m G# minor A B C# minor D#dim

F Gm Am Bb C Dm I eat

G Am Bm C D In F#dim

A Bm C# minor D E F# minor G# diminished

B C# minor D#m E F# G#m A# diminished

 THANK YOU
Godblessyou