CEPRN–CENTER FOR PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OF RIO

NORTH GREAT
TECHNICAL COURSE IN MEDICAL RADIOLOGY

SAMUEL SILVA SANTOS

REPORT ON THE CONCLUSION OF THE MEDICAL RADIOLOGY COURSE

NATAL/RN
2014
 SAMUEL SILVA SANTOS

REPORT ON COMPLETION OF MEDICAL RADIOLOGY COURSE

IMAGING DIAGNOSTICS

Course completion report presented to

Medical Radiology Technical Course of CEPRN -
Professional Teaching Center of Rio
Great North, as a requirement for obtaining
of the title of Medical Radiology Technician.

NATAL/RN
2014
 THANKS

I thank God for giving me health and strength to overcome difficulties.

To CEPRN, its teaching staff, management, and administration who provided the opportunity to
window that today I glimpse a higher horizon, imbued with fervent confidence in merit and
ethics present here.

To the friends I made during the course.

To the radiology technicians of the Radiology Institute of Natal and the Center
Cel. Passos clinic, for the guidance provided during the internship.

To Dr. Carlos Passos Neto for the opportunity and trust.

To my parents, for their love, encouragement, and unconditional support.

And to all those who directly and indirectly contributed to my education.

 SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION 5

2. DEVELOPMENT PROFESSIONAL OBJECTIVE) ............................................................................ 6

2.1 RAMIFICATIONS OF RADIOLOGY
2.2. MARKET OF WORK........................................................................................................ 7
2.3. STAGE SUPERVISED .................................................................................................... 7
3. CONSIDERATIONS FINALS.................................................................................................................. 9
4. REFERENCES 10
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1. INTRODUCTION

The history of Radiology began in 1895 with the experimental discovery of rays.
By the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. At the time, the medical applications of this

discoveries revolutionized medicine, as it had become possible to see inside the

patients. Over the years, this method has evolved and has taken on a universal scope
in the diagnostic research of the human being.

The first X-ray was performed on December 22, 1895. On this day, Roentgen
put his wife Anna Bertha Roentgen's left hand on the chassis, with photographic film,
exposing the radiation from the tube for about 15 minutes. Once the film was developed, there
they were, for confirmation of their observations, the figure of his wife's hand and her bones
within the less dense soft tissues.

The discovery of X-rays soon spread around the world with impressive
speed, teasing the imagination of the press, laypeople, scientists, and doctors. Already in
February 1896, just three months after Röntgen's discovery, were carried out, in the
USA, the first practical clinical applications of radiology, when used foridentify
bone fracturesin a few months, almost all the urban centers of importance
doctors had adopted the new technology, with countless variations.
We can say that there has never been, in the history of science, such a short period.

time elapsed between a fundamental discovery and its first application, particularly in the
medical science. This is particularly extraordinary for having occurred at a time when
the difficulties and slowness of scientific communication were immensely greater than those
current. In the following decades, various technical improvements occurred, such as theX-ray tube
of Coolidge(1913), and the mobile radiography apparatus for hospitals (1920). It was discovered
also that X-rays had harmful effects on the body's cells (but only after
that countless doctors and technicians died from radiation-induced cancer) and that,
therefore they could be used for various types of therapies, including cancer itself.
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2. DEVELOPMENT (PROFESSIONAL OBJECTIVE)

The Radiology Technician is the medical professional who uses radiation sources.
ionizing radiation for obtaining radiographic images of the human body. The job market
for this type of professional is broad, and grows as the concern for
health and the well-being of humanity. Its activities extend to hospitals, clinics,
radiology laboratories, centers for technical and scientific research, airports, to education in
radiology sector and companies for the marketing and technical assistance of machines
radiology.

The objective of this profession is to evaluate, program, and execute all available techniques.
will be used in prevention, promotion, and diagnosis, using equipment for this purpose
of advanced technology.

2.1 BRANCHES OF RADIOLOGY

In recent decades, new methods have been added to the already traditional X-rays.
ultrasound, nuclear magnetic resonance, mammography, the new equipment of
Computed tomography and many other advances have contributed to make this area
even more interesting. The branches of radiology are divided into:

Medical (for studies of human organs and structures);

Dental (for studies in dentistry);
Veterinary (for the study of animals);
Metallurgical (for studies of pieces, plates, and welds);
Sterilization (in the treatment of eliminating bacteria and fungi);
Environmental (for attention given to soil treatment);
Scientific (in terms of teaching, studies, and research);
Nutritional (in the treatment of elimination of bacteria and fungi);
Projects (when they involve medical equipment).
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2.2. LABOR MARKET

The National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), of the Ministry of Health, requires
that imaging diagnostic services follow specific protocols that ensure
the quality of the service and the safety in handling the machines, both for the patients
how much for the professionals who operate them. The Radiology Technician is responsible for everything
radiological process. Acts in the prevention, promotion, maintenance, recovery, and alleviation of
health hazards through scientific development and the use of radiological technologies.

The professional in Radiology has a vast field of action. They can work
in radiology and imaging diagnosis services, public or private, independent or
linked to hospitals. Clinics and basic health units, that is, it can operate in the
radiology services from hospitals, polyclinics, offices, specialized clinics,
support, diagnostic and therapy units.

In addition, the technician is trained to perform radiological applications in

radiotherapy, assisting in supervision and radioprotection activities, development and
execution of hospital waste management, development of scientific research and
technological in the field of radiology. The professional also works in conducting exams
of computed tomography, commercial radiology, dental radiology, and mammography, can
still act in the execution of specific procedures in the field of nuclear medicine.

2.3. SUPERVISED INTERNSHIP

The first part of the internship was held at the Cel. Passos Clinical Center.
located at Av. Alexandrino de Alencar, No. 411, Alecrim–Natal/RN, also known as
by the PM Clinical Center. Currently, the space has an X-ray machine.
conventional from the brand VMI and an automatic radiological film processor from the brand
LOTUS. About 50 exams are performed every day, the service unlike
what many think is not restricted only to military police and their dependents, but rather,
open to the entire underprivileged population. As for the physical structure, the sector is divided into: reception,

examination room, darkroom, and report room, all equipped and air-conditioned. In addition to the
pacientes ambulatoriais, o setor de radiologia também atende os pacientes internos do
Central Hospital Cel. Pedro Germano, also known as the PM Hospital, as the
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Even though it is undergoing renovation, some x-ray exams are therefore

referred to the Clinical Center.

During the internship period, we observed some difficulties that the institutions
public health services face, such as: lack of radiological films,
problems with equipment (printer, computer, x-ray processor, air-
conditioned). However, the Health Directorate of the Military Police of the State of Rio Grande do
Norte possui Dotação Orçamentária Própria, e esses contratempos são solucionados
quickly.

Recently, the Health Department of the State of Rio Grande do Norte entered into an agreement

with the Ministry of Health, held a bidding process for the acquisition of equipment for the
PM Hospital, among the items there is: a 16-slice computed tomography machine.
PHILIPS brand channels, a bone densitometry device and two X-ray machines
being one of them remote-controlled by fluoroscopy.

The second part of the internship was carried out at the Radiology Institute of Natal, which is located

located at Av. Afonso Pena, n° 744 - Tirol - Natal/RN. The institution carries out more
of 400 different types of exams, however the following description will be about Tomography
Computerized. Currently, the IRN has two tomography devices: one in the unit
Tyrol and another in the PAPI unit, with 64 and 16 channels respectively. The PAPI unit besides
outpatient care, also attends to emergency room patients.

Many CT exams are performed using contrast during the course.

technician, the importance of it in radiological examinations was noted. The CT team is
composed of a radiology technician and two nursing technicians. They carry out
approximately 60 daily exams, among them, some require 3D reconstruction.

Currently, the IRN is building another unit in the south zone, near the
Promater Hospital will also be providing a PET/CT or PET Scan between
others.
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3. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

Radiology today is present in a large number of pathology diagnoses or

treatment of them.
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4. REFERENCES

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