Modified Proctor Test for Soil Compaction
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ScribdTranslationsModified Proctor Test for Soil Compaction
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ScribdTranslationsINTRODUCTION
Compaction is a term that refers to a means by which an effort is made to.
the artificial improvement of soil in its mechanical properties (properties
engineering) through certain processes that are also mechanical. Thus, with
the purpose of obtaining certain data such as the maximum dry density of a soil
and the optimal moisture content, which are the basis for achieving efficiency
in the compaction work, data that will help increase the
resistance and decrease the comprehensibility at the time of compacting a
soil, different investigations and laboratory tests were conducted with
the aim of achieving the aforementioned.
Proctor developed an essay in which he determined that applying to a soil
certain energy to compact it, the density varies according to the
moisture content of soil, a test that is currently the most used and
recommended in soil mechanics laboratories, in its two variants:
Standard Proctor and modified Proctor, the latter being the one that provides
best results; results that are reflected in the field with quality
of compaction that is obtained.
In this report, we will see the modified Proctor test and the entire process.
that was carried out for the determination of maximum dry density and content
optimal moisture of a soil according to ASTMD D-1557 standards,
AASHTO T-180 and MTC E-115 test that was carried out in the
SAN JUAN BAUTISTA PRIVATE UNIVERSITY in its
SOIL LABORATORY with a soil sample obtained in the
borders of the university and the NATIONAL COLLEGE SAN PEDRO of
CHORRILLOS.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
COMPACTION
When the soils have characteristics and/or properties that are not suitable for
the construction, such as: high permeability, low capacity of
support and others, some means can be used to improve them.
properties and characteristics, such cases are referred to as
stabilization.
Compaction is a soil improvement method that consists of
exert a relatively short-duration mechanical action on a mass
from soil to a partially saturated state, to reduce its volume
(reducing their voids) and increasing their density. In general, the
compaction is the densification of soil by the removal of air, which
requires mechanical energy. The degree of compaction of a soil is measured in
terms of its density in dry state.
In the field, it generally applies to artificial fillings, such as
earth dam curtains, dikes, and embankments on roads. Sometimes
It is necessary to compact the natural terrain, which is done through
of equipment called compactors, which not only manage to increase the
resistance and reduce the volumetric deformation capacity of the mass
of soil (to improve volumetric stability), but also its
permeability and thus improve its durability.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE COMPACTION:
Physical characteristics of the soil (nature of the soil).
Initial water content of the soil.
The compaction equipment and the specific energy of compaction.
The procedure adopted and the equipment selected for compaction.
The thickness of the layers.
LABORATORY METHOD: PROCTOR METHOD.
It consists of compacting the soil inside a cylindrical metallic mold.
various layers and due to the fall of a hammer (metal ram). There are two
Variations of the method:
Standard or normal Proctor, with a 5 ½ lb hammer, drop height of
12'', 25 blows per layer and 3 layers to compact. The mold of φ = 4'' and
volume 1/30 feet3.
Modified Proctor, with a 10 lb hammer, drop height of 18'', 56
strokes per layer, and compacting in 5 layers, with a 6" mold.
Standard Proctor Modified Proctor
Number of G. 25 56
Number of layers 3 5
Weight of the piston 2,5 kg (5,5 lb) 4,5 kg (10 lb)
Drop height 30.5 cm (12 inch) 45.7 cm (18 inch)
Mold diameter 10.2 cm (4 inches) 15.24 cm (6 inch)
Volume 943.3 cm 2124 cm
MODIFIED PROCTOR (PROCTOR 1993):
It is the modification of the standard Proctor test, increasing the energy.
of compaction (2,700 kN-m/m3), the number of blows per layer increased to
56 and the number of layers to 5, increasing the weight of the hammer (ram)
metallic) to 4.54 kg and the drop height of it to 18" (45.57 cm), being
the specific compaction energy of 27.2 [Link]/cm3, resulting in the
maximum dry density obtained, higher than that obtained in the Proctor
standard and lower optimal moisture content.
The laboratory test commonly used to obtain dry density
maximum compaction and optimal water content is the Proctor test
compaction modified.
OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of conducting this laboratory essay:
Recognize and correctly use the materials and equipment
necessary to perform the Modified Proctor Test.
Obtain data from the tests and record them in a log.
arranged according to an established method to avoid making
errors or omitting relevant information.
Process the data obtained through formulations, tables and
graphics, in such a way that allows for drawing conclusions about the essay
completed.
Determine the optimal moisture content for compacting a soil, with the
which will achieve the maximum compactness.
MATERIALS
The materials used in the Modified Proctor Test are the
following:
1. Molds: they are metallic and cylindrical in shape, they can be
constituted by a complete or split piece by a generatrix, or
by two adjustable semicylindrical pieces. They are commonly used
single-piece molds with a recess in their upper circumference
where the collar and wings are adjusted to attach it to the motherboard.
2. Collar: each mold comes with a collar of approximately 60 mm.
height, which has a recess so that it fits tightly to the mold
and wings to hold it to the motherboard.
3. Motherboard: it consists of a metal plate on which is
secure the mold and the collar, through the wings that they have, to
bolts with butterfly nuts fixed to the plate.
[Link] piston: it is a metallic cylinder with a circular face of 50
mm and with a mass of 4500 g. It is equipped with a tubular guide
to control the fall height to 460 mm. The guide has four
10 mm to 20 mm drill holes at each end, spaced at 90º.
5. Graduated cylinders: they are glass or plastic containers that are graduated.
in cubic centimeters and are used to measure the water that is added
to the sample.
6. Scales: they are used to weigh the soil and the samples from each test.
to calculate the actual moisture content.
7. Steel rule: it is used to level the ground to the height of the mold, then
uncompressed and extracted the necklace.
[Link] No. 4: corresponds to a nominal opening of 5 mm and is used
to select the material to be used in the essay.
9. Mixing tools: metal vessels or pans are used.
deep bowls for mixing and spatulas or paddles.
METHOD
The Modified Proctor Test is performed following the method given to
continuation:
Collection and preparation of samples.
Obtain a soil sample to be tested weighing at least 6 kg.
Dry the sample until it becomes crumbly.
Sift the soil extracted by sieve No. 4.
Sample conditioning.
Homogenize the sample and separate into equal fractions
Completely mix each fraction separately with enough water to
be able to obtain results that allow us to reach maximum density and
optimal humidity that we need to know in this case we will carry out the
tests with 6% 8% 9%.
ESSAY.
Weigh and record the mass of the empty mold without the collar.
2. Determine the volumetric capacity of the mold.
3. Place the mold with its collar on the base plate.
4. Fill the mold as indicated in the standard.
5. Place a layer of material approximately one fifth of the
height of the mold plus the collar.
Compact the layer with 25 blows.
7. Repeat the compaction in 5 layers leaving an excess of material.
on the edge in the last layer.
8. Remove the collar and level it with the ruler to the edge of the mold.
Weigh the mold with the compacted ground. Subtract the weight of the mold to
obtain the weight of compacted soil only.
10. Determine the wet density of the compacted soil by dividing the
weight of the soil per volume of the mold.
RESULTS
The values obtained in the laboratory are detailed in the following table:
MATERIALS
SIEVE 4/3" OVEN
SCALE AND JARS MODIFIED PROCTOR
TEST TUBE FOR WATER RULE
RUBBER HAMMER AND MIXING SPOON
MOLD FOR MIXING AND VADILEJO
ESSAY PROCESS
CONCLUSIONS:
After completing this practical work, we can conclude that the essay
Modified Proctor is very important in civil engineering, for the
construction of pavements or future large-scale constructions.
In this laboratory, we have learned to carry out the procedure to take
I finish the test and thus be able to know what maximum compaction it allows.
soil in study and what is the optimal humidity to achieve maximum
compactness.
When water is added to the soil for compaction, it acts as a
softening agent of soil particles, which causes them to slide against each other
yes and move to a position of denser appearance. The dry density
After compaction, it first increases as the ...
water content. Beyond a certain water content, any
increase in water content tends to reduce dry density, due to
to which the water takes the spaces that could have been occupied by the
solid particles. The water content under which the density is reached
maximum dryness is called optimal water content. The type of soil, that is,
its grain size distribution, the shape of the soil grains, the density
of soil solids and the quantity and type of clay minerals present,
has a great influence on the maximum dry density and on the content of
optimal water