HISTORY

Before the arrival of themachinesthe yarn was made by hand with the
spindle and the wheel, which consisted of a rod in the one that is
I fixed a portion (called a fluff) of the fiber that was to be spun.
the wheel was held with the left hand or hooked onto the
belt. The spindle was a smaller piece of shape
approximately conical, that was rotated with the right hand
wrapping the thread around it as it was twisting.
Around the 13th and 14th centuries, they were introduced in Europethelathes
from the hilarIndia, which represented an improvement over the
spindles. In thetornof hilar, the spindle, positioned horizontally, is
it rotates through a wheel driven by a pedal, and produces a
unique thread. To obtain a very fine thread, two yarns are needed.
In many developing countriesdevelopment, the yarnmanualit continues to be
the mainmethodemployee.

Spinning wheel
 OBJECTIVE

Theobjectiveof the yarn and of theprocessesthat precedes it is

transformar las fibras individuales en un hilo continuo cohesionado y
manageable. The processes applied to the fibers vary according to the type.
employee. Thecotton, wool, linen, jute, and other natural fibers
they intertwine each one differently. Some fibers come from
barks can be spun in two different ways, resulting in threads
with different properties. In natural fibers, the process involves
basically the opening, mixing, carding (in some cases also
hairstyles), stretched and twisted to produce the material for the looms.
Next takes place the actual spinning.
THE SPINNING
CONCEPT:

Spinning is an industrial process in which, based on operations

more or less complex, with textile fibers, whether natural or
artificial, a new fine, elongated, strong textile body is created
flexible called thread. The history of spinning is in the same origin.
from the use that man made of natural fibers. In that
origin, the first spinning tool was the hands of the
man who, making a simple twist on a bunch of
fibers, manufactured a simple thread, susceptible to being spun
again, braided, or used in the manufacture of fabrics. The
Spinning is the basic manufacturing process of the entire textile industry. It is logical

that rests the development of perfection

this; thus, over time, technology has been making it
increasingly complex and more precise,
perfecting classic spinning, specializing it in achieving
of unique products, required for economic reasons and to
fine concrete textiles.
Stretching and twisting, when it comes to the thread of a rope. It is the operation

which concludes by turning the simple thread into a yarn of fibers

discontinuous. The filament yarns are almost all artificial or

synthetics, since the only natural filament is silk, which
corresponds to less than 1% of fiber and yarn production. The
union of filaments, their twisting or both things at the same time, form the thread

of filament. These filament yarns, except for the special ones, are
lisos (they have no loose ends and, therefore, it does not occur in them)
pilling), silky, with a luster superior to that of spun threads; but
this brightness varies according to the amount of tarnish in the solution of
where the fiber comes from and how much twist the thread has.
TYPES OF SPINNING:

Conventional spinning: It has been a labor-intensive job.

work, a manual task that has not been substantially modified
for millennia; after machining, they have still intervened
various individual machines. Since the early sixties
it uses a machine called direct draping, which eliminated the
replacing it with a ring device that twists the
thread at the same time they are stretching it; it produces a thicker thread than
Yes, the prior fuse exists.

The untwisted yarn: It consists of passing the first twist thread.

for a sizing solution, thus giving it the compactness that is requested.
They are threads without resistance.

The self-twisting yarn: It consists of the fibers coming out of

the yarn, two strands are passed together through two rollers
parallels, that move forward and backward to stretch the strands
and they twist them.

The open-end spinning: it has no bobbin or braider

rings. In this case the first strand of fibers enters a
high-speed rotating container through which air circulates for
Drag the wick to the collector where it comes out with a first.
twist.
 THE THREAD:

A thread is defined as a set of continuous or textile fibers.

discontinuous, twisting together reaching a great length
and that is directly used for the manufacture of textiles and
for the sewing of these. If they are continuous filament fibers, they are
it is called CONTINUOUS YARN, and if it is about discontinuous fibers
they will form the so-called SPINNING.

Spinning,processfinal in the transformation of fibers into thread. With the

the only exception of silk, all natural fibers have a
limited length quite defined. This length ranges from something more
of one centimeter in the case of certain American cottons and
Asians up to a meter in the case of some bark fibers or
sheets. Most synthetic fibers are cut with a
a certain length, so they also need to be spun.

Cotton thread

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THREADS:

They are the defining characteristics of them; thus their composition,

thickness, elasticity, regularity, etc. They must be expressed with formulas
standard, quantified in internationally standardized units
and that are enough for different threads to have a name
own with which it can be defined and known.

Its composition
It is analyzed under the microscope or using reagents.
specifics that detect the presence of components
determined.

The diameter or thickness

From here, the TITLE or NUMBER of that thread is determined, and
It is studied using the aspes and/or the balance.

The index of torsion and retorsion

It is studied using a specific device for this.
exam, the torsimeter, and sets the TORQUE INDEX of
that thread.

His resistance
Its measurement is expressed in the heading LENGTH OF
BREAKAGE, which means the maximum length that a thread
can reach for that, suspended by one of its
extremes, it breaks under its own weight. Its formula is the
next

Nm x AVERAGE RESISTANCE
Lr (Km)= -----------------------------------------
1000
The elongation
It is the ability of a thread to undergo a
stretching without breaking. It is measured by a
dynamometer.

Elasticity
It is the ability to resist stretching and recover.
its length
primitive once the stretching ceases.

The regularity
Regularity refers to the variations in diameter that
it experiences a thread along its length. It measures it
regular meter. And it has the following in its expression
landmarks:
Knots:
Gatas: (maximum thicknesses)
Xemics: (minimum thicknesses)
Neps: (agglomeration of fibers)
immature)
 The fibers
Referred to this indication regarding the composition of
each thread:
Length: of the fibers that make it up.
Fineness: of these fibers.
Shape and orientation: of them.
Sometimes other data is added.
The finish
Indicated in the COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION and measured by the
friction meter.
The aspect
This data gives an idea of the behavior of the thread in the
garment (FILOPLAN) supposed study.

Microphotographs of cotton

STAGES OF SPINNING:
 If one observes the spinning operation in that simple task with which
it was the second tool in this manufacture, the spinning spindle, it
you can see the various phases that make up the work, starting from when the
fiber mass arrives at the spinning execution site until the
final product goes to its next destination: sewing or weaving. These
the stages of spinning are as follows: the unpacking of the mass of
fibers, carding of them, their styling or parallelization, braiding or
first twist, the spinning itself, the finishing of the thread and
other possible final operations on it.

Husks

Correct position of a spindle

UNPACKED:
It is the first task to be performed on the fiber when it comes out of the
raw materials warehouse and enters the spinning factory,
currently in an annex section to that of spinning, not within the
same plant, due to operational issues of unloading and of
cleaning. Once the cotton, wool, or linen bale is untied or opened,
etc., two operations are carried out: disaggregation and cleaning.
Disaggregation. Applied to the flock or mass of fibers that arrives to be
thread. It consists of the separation of the components. It also
llama
abertura de la fibra, porque ésta llega en paquetes donde ha estado
compressed maybe a long time.
Cleaning. Removal of impurities through the circulation of air to
high speed.
With these two operations, what is called in some places is formed
the fiber shake.

Bales of cotton

OPENING Y
CLEANING
CONCEPT:

Process that consists of opening, mixing, cleaning, and forming the shake.
Here the bales travel through ducts that pull small tufts of
fibers from the lower part of the bale and drop them onto a mesh.
Dirt and garbage are removed at high speed.
The clean fibers are taken from here and introduced into the carding machine.
Here what is achieved is a homogeneous mixture.

CLEANING EFFICIENCY PERCENTAGE AND PERCENTAGE OF

SPUN IN THE WASTE IN OPENING AND CLEANING:

Cotton trash N points of Efficiency of the

smoothie cleaning %
5.0 and above 5 60-65
3.0 to 4.9 4 55-60
1.0 to 2.9 3 50-55

FIBER BREAKAGE AND NEPS GENERATION IN PROCESS OF

OPENING AND CLEANING:

If the fiber length is extended to 2.5% or the upper half of the

average length of the material drops more than 4% in relation to the
mix, it should be suspected that there is a fiber break in the line of
cleaning and opening.
The increase in neps in cotton processing has to
stay below 60-70% for optimal operation
from the line.
WASTE PERCENTAGE IN OPENING AND CLEANING PROCESS
(EXCLUDING VOLATILE LOSSES):

It is similar to the percentage of waste in cotton for good.

efficiency and cleanliness.
The volatile losses vary between 0.5% (fine mixtures) and 1.0%
(rougher mixes).

Opening and
cleaning

What forms the opening and cleaning?

A roll of napa.

Napa Roll
 Opener machine

Opening
and cleaning
 Cotton opener

CARDING
CONCEPT:

The obtained mixture is taken to the Cardas, which open up.

they desensitize the fiber, remove impurities, parallelize the fibers, the
veils that form like the lighter card but in two phases
main:
In the first one, since the cylinder fittings are somewhat
thicker then the veil is not so regular.
In the second phase they are finer, the veil is more regular and
homogeneous, which is divided into fine strands that are rolled into
way of yarn in rotating tubes, which wind several at
same time.
The card is made up of a drum that has a devil that are
cylinders of different separations, a card face that is the
divisor of the card that is graduated according to the title and the canel.
the card, which is the part that contains the already produced thread.

The yarns obtained from the carding must have a title or weight by
linear metro determined, therefore as they are being produced,
They should be controlled on the respective scale.
After the fiber mass has been disaggregated and set apart
from her the impurities, the raw material goes through a new process of
disaggregation (the carding), until each fiber becomes so loose that
it can regain its most natural form (curly, etc.), but without losing
proximity of the fibers to each other so that the mixing is maintained
like a mass of fibers. After carding, the raw material is
completely clean and in proper physical shape to pass to the
spinning plant and enter the spinning process.
THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF CARDING:

separate the strands of individual fibers and mix

homogeneously the different qualities of materials
regenerated fibers that make up the fiber bank.
2. produce at the end of the carding a veil and subsequent wick with Nm
regular.

The material goes from the rest rooms to the charger where through
from a conveyor belt and a bed of spikes, it is fed.
the scale that opens when it reaches the desired step (it is adjustable)
a hatch and the fiber drops onto another conveyor belt
what brings the material to some feeder cylinders and takes them to the
avan-train (avantrén) which is a rigid garment.

Pre carda

Nutrition of card
 Installation of cardas

Garnishes of the menu

 Card

Percentage of waste content in the carding process:

percentage of waste in 2 to 3.4 3.5 or more
the mixture
percentage of SHP waste 0.20 -0.40 0.30 - 0.50
HP 0.15 - 0.25 0.20 - 0.30
On the tape VHP 0.10 - 0.20 0.05 - 0.10

IRREGULARITIES IN THE CARDING PROCESS:

Tipo de carda percentage of

irregularity (u %)

SHP 4.5

HP 4.0

VHP 3.5

EFFICIENCY OF NEP REMOVAL IN CARDING:

CARD TYPE PERCENTAGE OF

EFFICIENCY
SHP 40

HP 60

VHP 80

SPEED OF CARDS:

ELEMENT UNIT SHP HP VHP

LICKERIN rpm 400 - 500 500 - 900 900 - 1100
rpm 250 - 350 350 - 450
CYLINDER 200 - 350
DOFFER rpm 10 - 12 20-25 40 - 45
CAPS 3 5 6
Inches per minute

Sector cards

HAIRDRESSER
CONCEPT:
When the narrow mass of fibers, which is the carded tape, is
sufficiently thin, they, within it, are susceptible to
to organize oneself and orient oneself in the direction in which later one
he will build the thread.
Combing. It is the arrangement of the fibers, applied to the carded strip; a
spinning phase that is done only in the case of long fibers, for
for example, cotton, and start by removing the fibers that are too
Short. From this phase, fibers emerge in a first parallel position.

Bending: It is to continuously regularize the mass of fibers that

is going to enter the next phase.

Dresser
PREPARATION OF THE HAIRDRESSER:

Sequence of the process:

I- Tape mantle – Layers on the roll

II Manuar - gathering

Total number of folds: minimum of 120 (normally there are 8 in

manuals) (8 feeding buckets) for 38 in gatherers = 288
folds.

The greater the number of folds, the better the quality of

the thread.

Linear density of the cylindrical roll of cotton: 50 - 55 g/m.

%CV of a 1 m long roll of cotton cylindrical = 2.0%

Entrance belt to the meeting organizer:

Pre-stretch: 1.1
Total stretch: 6.0 to 6.5

Hairdresser modern

EFFICIENCY OF THE COMBING PROCESS:

The efficiency in hairdressers is generally evaluated by improvement.

of the length of the fiber in relation to the input of the material.
EPN = efficiency in hairdressers (%) per extraction units of
noil.
A = length of fiber at 50% of combing tape.
B = length of the fiber at 50% of combing batt.

Hairdresser

Preparation of the hairstylist

EFFICIENCY OF NEPS REMOVAL IN PROCESS OF

HAIRDO:

Extraction percentage PERCENTAGE OF

EFFICIENCY
OF NOIL NEP REMOVED
12 - 14 45
15 - 17 55
18 - 20 70

NOTE:
A = neps /g in cork of the hairdressing chair.
B = neps /g in styling ribbon.

It fulfills the following functions:

Feeding 4 to 6 rolls of tape per work side.

Material grooming: during this operation fibers are removed.
shorts and impurities that still persist in the material and are present
a complete parallelization of the fibers. Each roll of tape is
feed a hairstyle head.
From each hairstyle head, a kind of veil is produced.
fiber, which is condensed is condensed to form a
love.
On a table, the 4 to 6 newly formed ribbons gather to
enter the stretching area integrated into the hairstylist, to which
produce a ribbon woven with a specific weight per unit
of length.
Finally, the tape is deposited in a spiral shape inside
a boat.

The byproduct obtained in the combing process is called NOIL.

is approximately equivalent to 15% of the material fed and
it is used to make coarse threads.

The styling process is too expensive and only applies to

practice when very fine threads and/or very
high quality.

After this process, 1, 2, or 3 passes are always made.

manually in order to compensate for irregularities on the tape
introduced in the detachment and subsequent splicing of the
fibers, during the difficult process of styling. It also has
as a final mix the combed cotton with other fibers like the
polyester.

NOTE:

The hairstyle is only practiced on rolls of 100% cotton ribbons.

never with mixtures. This can be done once the cotton has
hairstyle.

INFLUENCE OF HAIRSTYLE ON THE PROCESS AND THE THREAD:

With combed cotton, finer threads can be produced.

thinned out by the uniformity of the length of the fiber.
Facilitates spinning by eliminating large variations in
the length of the fibers.
Due to its higher degree of parallelization and sorting of
the fibers produce less fuzzy threads.
Stronger threads can be produced, as the
long fibers have greater cohesion among themselves due to having
a larger contact area.
Softer and cleaner threads are produced.
MANUAL

The following functions are fulfilled in the manual:

Dubbing: each work side is fed with 6 or 8 tapes

coming from cards in order to homogenize the material.
2. mixed: the fed tapes can be different
fibers.
3. material stretching.
A tape is produced with the weight per unit length
established.
5. the newly formed tape is wound into a container of size
specific.

Pre-stretching in high voltage manuals:

Paso del Manuar PRE - STRETCH

FIRST STEP 1.7

SECOND STEP 1.3

 MODERN MANUAL

Distribution of manuar tapes

Senses of the rollers

Cigarettes
FULFILLS THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS:

Each workstation is fed with a belt.

coming from manuals.
A stretch is given to the material made up of a thin
love.
A slight twist is given to the thin ribbon forming
a wick
The wick is placed on a cart
plastic, forming a spiral-shaped package.

The twist is inserted into the stretched wick to give it strength.

a tape has enough fiber mass for it to remain
joints without the need for twisting.
The twisting of the wick arranges the fibers in a slight order.
in formal spiral. To allow them to adhere to each other. The
the twist given to the wick must be enough for it to
it easily wraps around the spool and then it unwraps
no problems when feeding into the spinner.

Package formation:
layer formation: the wick must be placed on the
carefully and uniformly during the formation of
package. The machine places the wick coils side by side,
vertically and horizontally. The vertical direction forms a
series of spirals and the horizontal a series of layers.
Wrap: the wick must be wrapped around the reel to a
speed rate in such a way that it has neither too much nor too little tension.
I was very loose. A well-wrapped package is one that
it has the desired density, that is, it is neither too tight nor
very weak in its movement from the front cylinder through
the flyer and on the cart. to achieve a good wrapping,
the machine must be well adjusted to provide attention
correct and constant as the diameter changes
package with each layer of wick that is added.
 •Construction of the envelope: like successive layers of wick are
wrapped around the cart, the number of turns per layer
decreases gradually at the top or bottom of the
cart with the aim of giving a certain conicity to the package.
the conical construction of the envelope is strictly associated
with the layer formation operation. the lamp has a
construction envelope mechanism that makes it possible
give the package an appropriate shape so that it can withstand the
management. Another purpose of constructing the enclosure is
put as much wick on the cart as possible without
It causes problems in the sack, transportation, stand, and feeding.
in the continuities.

When a fuse blows in some position of

work this is sucked by an air current that
act
while
himself stops the
machine.

Mechera

Speed Range of Quantity

Types of of Range of titles fotos of positions
stretch production machines produced of work
3 to 5 12 to 14 1
Batanes oz/yd valley

Up to 350 80 to 120 50 to 70 1
draft gn/yd love
Up to 800 5 to 8 50 to 70 1 or 2
manuares gn/yd love

50 to 70 1 or 2
hairdressers gn/yd love
 13 to 20 8 to 12 Not 0.8 Up to 108
crazy people Ne1.2 candle

Spinner 13 to 20 20 to 50 Ne 6 a Ne Used of Until

of rings 60 spinner 1100
Spinner 30 to 150 40 to 140 Ne 6 and Ne coil Up to 240

by rotor 35 of OE
1200 a Up to 60
encounter 1800 any Cone
as

doublers any coil cil

Ring Spinning
This machine performs the following functions:

Each job is fueled by a wick of oil lamps.

A stretch is given to the wick, forming a tiny ribbon.
A high twist is given to the tiny ribbon forming the thread.
properly speaking.
The newly formed thread is deposited on a spool of
plastic or cardboard forming a special package in shape
from a bottle known as used from a spinner.

The amount of twist received by the wick depends on several

factors:

Title of the fed wick.

Thread title produced.
Type of stretching system.
Fiber type.

And the amount of twisting given to a thread depends on:

• The length of fiber used.

• The title of the thread.
• The desired level of resistance.
• The type of thread.
• The final use of use.
 A certain resistance is required to prepare the thread and weave it.
for example, the warp thread must be stronger because of the
tensions to which the weft thread and the warp thread are subjected on the loom
they do not withstand so much tension during the weaving process, therefore
in the thread it is more prone to curl and tangle itself,
measurement processed on the loom.

Twists are measured in:

twist per inch (tpi)
twist per meter (tpm)

A common thread has between 15 to 20 twists per inch.

basically depending on its fineness.

Twists/inch = twist multiplier x square root of the

Don't unravel the thread:

Final use of the thread Torque multiplier

Knitted fabric 2.5 to 3.0

Plot 3.0 to 3.5

Warp 3.5 to 5.0

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RING SPUN YARNS AND YARNS

OPEN END:

ADVANTAGES OF OPEN END YARNS:

They have better irregularity values.
It has greater elongation.
They have smaller thick and thin parts.
They have fewer splices per coil.
They have fewer impurities than a carded thread of the same quality.
They are bulkier.
They have greater resistance.

DISADVANTAGES:
they are less resistant to tension.
It has a very different structure from that of ring threads.
 The appearance is not as pleasant as that of the ring threads.
You cannot obtain threads as fine (thin) as in the threads.
of ring.
the open end process has high demands on the teams
opening and cleaning, brushes and manuals.
It also has high technical demands and technology in the machine.
of the rotor laughter that is used.

DEVELOPER, ENCODER OR WRAPPER

This machine performs the following functions:

Gather many or several spools from the ring spinning machines to

to form a conical or cylindrical coil (cone or cheese).
Purge the material, that is to say, eliminate defects from the
threads such as thick parts, thin parts, tangles and
embedded impurities. these defects are evaluated by means of
from an electronic sensor (purged) which cuts the thread when
exceeds a certain value of length and thickness previously
adjusted.
perform the waxing of the thread: using a device
optional paraffin applicator applies paraffin over the thread that goes
passing, in order to lubricate the thread and decrease its coefficient
of friction. This is only done when the thread is going to be used
as raw material for knitting, since the thread is
it must slide smoothly through the guides or needles of the
circular machines.

The ring spinner delivers the thread in used spooling.

which contain small amounts of thread, as well as
this thread contains imperfections such as thick parts and
thin, double threads, tangles and specks.

In the cross-winding winding machines or winders

they are used for spinning and bobbins are produced
 conic or cylindrical cross sections, which represent the following
ventajas:

Crossed coils have a very high thread capacity.

superior to that of the thread used, which facilitates
greatly the following operations.
While unwinding the used yarn from crossed spools, it
they can purge and optionally lubricate the threads.

Enconadora

spinning frame
 Thread winder

OPEN END
CONCEPT:

System developed especially for the spinning of short fibers.

A tape of fibers is broken down by a cylinder with lining that
turns at around 8000 revolutions per minute, and condensed
subsequently in a rotor The rotor speed can reach the
120,000 revolutions per minute.

40% of the world's open-end yarn production corresponds to,

currently, 60% to cotton threads and another 40% to cotton blend threads
and polyester. The rest corresponds, preferably, to fiber threads.
pure acrylic or blended with cotton. The open-end spinning
suitable for thick and medium threads (up to 40 English cotton).
An open-end yarn needs a minimum of 100 fibers in its cross-section.
transversal.

Description of the open-end system

The structure of the threads is different from

the one of a thread obtained in a continuous

of hilar of rings, end that

must have very much in mind in the design
of a fabric. They result in threads with

agavillados, that is, with fibers that

they wrap and tie the central core of
hello

Article Comment
Military fabrics They don't always comply with the

Work clothes specifications

Bedding Good results
Fabrics for furniture Good results
Denim jeans Excellent results
Printed fabrics Good results
Knitted sweaters Excellent results
Shirts and tablecloths They can't give touches of the thread, no.

Brushed fabrics convenient

Underwear Slightly indicated

Sportswear Requires experience

Inappropriate touches caution
Good results
This table provides a comparative study between the main
properties of conventional fabrics and those made with threads
open-end of analogous characteristics.

Comparative study between conventional fabrics and those obtained

with open-end threads of similar characteristics.

PROPERTY OF THE TISSUE COMPARISON

Aspect regularity Open-end threads are more homogeneous

Resistance and elongation Less breakage in the looms
break Improved in open-end
Bulkiness Open-end threads are rougher.
Touch and stiffness rigid
Mateado Open-end yarns are more matte.
Abrasion resistance Higher in open-end
Pilling Less pilling in open-end
Power of recovery Slightly lower in open-end
Vellosity Minor in open-end
Behavior when perched Caution in open-end threads
Wrinkling Of the same order

The optimization of the process in yarn manufacturing requires, along with

a reduction in production costs, an increase as well of
yarn spinning performance, at the same time as a decrease in the
salary expenses through automation. From this requirement
and as a consequence of the limits and spinning methods
conventional ones result in new procedures, with great
technical modifications for the processing industries and
yarn producers. Currently, they are in production
three systems, each of which works according to a
distinct principle. These processes are: rotor spinning,
air false twist spinning (air jet) and spinning
by friction.

OPEN END YARN BY ROTOR:

The preparation of the material prior to open-end rotor spinning

It basically consists of stretching.
A stretched tape is fed directly into the machine from the
boats.
The belt is driven by the feed roller to the cylinder.
disaggregator, which removes impurities. The individual fibers are
sucked by air pressure up to the rotor. In the rotor, the fibers
are incorporated at the free end of the spinning thread, which, thanks to the
The rotor is formed and receives twisting. The thread is continuously extracted.

through extraction rollers and then it is rolled up

about a coil.

OPEN END SPINNING BY ROTOR

OPEN END SPINNING BY AIR JET:

The basic principle of this spinning system consists of two
air jet nozzles that are used in the corresponding part
to the twisting of the yarns.
The raw material, in the form of stretched tape, is presented to a
elevated stretching device with double cuff. Next,
the pounds are fed to a nozzle, which imparts two actions
successive false twists to form the thread. The thread is extracted
continuously through an extraction roller and is wound up
about a coil
OPEN END SPINNING BY FRICTION:
This system is represented by the DREF system. This system is
feeds with one or more strips (tapes) of card (according to the title of
ribbon). The tape disintegrates into individual fibers through a
high-speed rotating carding drum. The mass of fibers that
It is fed, stretched, and held through a method of
storage known as an input system.
The fibers are removed from the carding drum by force.
centrifuge and, through a current of air, are directed to the line
of the pinching of the two spinning drums.

OPEN END SPINNING BY AIR JET:

The drums are perforated and rotate in the same direction. The
fibers twist together on the surface of the drums,
through a mechanical rotation process. The perforations of
the drums allow the passage of an airflow through
they to favor the rotation effect. At the top of the
Drums exist as a device to orient the fibers in the direction
from the thread. The formed thread is extracted using delivery cylinders and,
next, it is wound onto a spool

They incorporate to the free end of the thread that rotates, which, thanks to the rotor

it forms and receives torsion. The thread is continuously extracted

through some extraction rollers and then it is wound
about a coil.

WAX THREAD
CONCEPT:

Parallel threads differ from threads of

rings or rotors, where the cut fibers do not
are subjected to any twisting. The set
parallel fibers are held together by a
multifilament that wraps them in the form of
spiral and gives them resistance to breaking. The
Multifilament can be wound in one direction.
Structure of a parafil thread.
It consists of a stretching train that can stretch.
up to 180 times to lose weight
conveniently a tape of gill or manuar and
a hollow spindle very similar to the one described in the

chapter regarding the acquisition of fantasies in

the continuous twisting. The speed of
the thread can reach up to 220 meters
per minute. The production of this machine is about 4.5 times
the one from the traditional spinning process.

The torsion coefficient K of the envelope is in the same order.

that in the continuous rings. As K increases, the resistance increases
from the thread up to values of K=140; then it decreases. The level of torsion
It influences the touch of the fabrics.
The length of the fiber does not influence the wrapping process.
only determines the class and execution of the stretching train that
It must be applied. There is a parafil system for the spinning of fibers of
cotton cutting and one for the spinning of long fibers from cutting
lanero.
The main advantages of parafil parallel threads are:
Softer touch of the fabrics
Greater volume
In some cases, they can replace twisted threads.
The limit of weldability is considerably increased.

PLYFIL YARN
CONCEPT:
Spinning system to directly obtain two-ply threads. A
mechanism with compressed air rolls the stretched fibers together
coming from a wick. Two threads thus formed are gathered and
folded over a spool. Due to the weak resistance of this thread
It is advisable to give a subsequent twist to cables in machines.
conventional twisting.
Covers the entire range of thread numbers for yarn spinning.
(from 2/40 to 2/120 Nm). It is possible to work with fibers of up to 220

millimeters in length. A stretching train thins the tape (it can

stretch it about 350 times) to turn it into thread, after passing
by an air chamber that curls the fibers and gives them cohesion
minimum for it to be wound onto a spool at speeds of
order of 200 meters per minute.
There is another version of the plyfil suitable for short fiber spinning.
up to 90 millimeters. The plyfil machine can stretch up to
350 times, so in some
cases can be spun directly
manual tapes. The best
industrial results are given in the
manufacture of fine threads. Due to the
turns in the opposite direction that
produced during the process of
twisted from a conventional thread, this
practically untwisted. For
counteract this effect, in the
twisted from these threads requires a high twist, which makes
that its production is low.

Like the core of the threads. during their spinning process in the
plyfil system, does not receive any torsion, using said system
you can reduce the degree of twist of the twisting just to the point where
the one who still maintains their resistance. The twisting speed of
a plyfil thread is increased by 30 to 40% in relation to the twist
conventional.

FRICTION SPINNING
CONCEPT:
Spinning system based on disaggregating the fibers
from a tape shaped very similarly to the system
end, and condense them through friction with two cylinders
metallic.
It is suitable for cotton and chemical fibers.
up to 40 millimeters in length, preferably
polyester. Acrylic and viscose. The fineness of the fibers
Chemicals are in the range of 1.3 to 1.5 decitex.

ADVANTAGES OF FRICTION THREADS:

Absence of surrounding fibers (twisted). Similar to the
continuous threads.
Fabrics with a more regular appearance (fewer neps in the
hello
Thicker yarn than open-end, so the fabrics
they present a great covering power.
Softer fabrics than those made with open-end yarns.
 •Greater seam resistance than threads manufactured in
continue of rings.
• Cleaner tobacco threads
• Greater dye affinity than those of rings and open-end.

The main disadvantages of threads obtained by friction are:

Lower tensile breakage resistance than threads

of continuous rings
Lower abrasion resistance than continuous threads
Fabrics wrinkle more.

Sirospun yarn
CONCEPT:
It consists of combining two wicks at the exit.
of the continuous stretching train
spin on a single spindle to obtain threads
a pair of cables, with torsion in it
sense at each end. A detector of
breakages. very sensitive, avoids existence
from pieces of thread to a rope. The continuous
conventional spinning, both of fibers
short or long, they adapt
easily to the sirospun system. For this
method reduces thread breakage in
the continuous spinning since the tension of
The thread is supported by both strands.
Good results are obtained for wool.
and blends of wool with polyester. The fibers
acrylics are more problematic. The
maximum profitability occurs in the
obtaining threads from 2/60 to 2/80
metric. Sirospun threads are less
fluffier and rounder than the conventional ones, due to the twist
and twisting in the same direction. They are more resistant to wear due to

abrasion. The recommended torsion coefficients are somewhat

superior to employees in conventional wool spinning
combed. In the chapter on inconveniences, we will say that the fabrics
they present a slightly differentiated touch and a falling of the
continuously spun yarns. As indicated, the twist and the
retaliation goes in the same direction, which limits the possibilities of
creation of articles. Another drawback is that the knots in the thread
they are two ends and since it is an unbalanced thread there is a
greater tendency towards corkscrew and having deformed meshes in the
knitted fabrics.

THREADING BY COMPACTION
INTRODUCTION:
The present study evaluates the main advantages and
disadvantages of spinning by Compaction as opposed to the
conventional continuous ring. The experimental phase has been
carried out in cotton and wool sector industries of various
countries, respecting the environmental conditions and the size to the maximum

from the samples for the results to be significant and

would allow to understand this new contribution in more depth
the world of spinning that has raised so many expectations among
the textile manufacturers around the
world.

Fundamentals of spinning by compaction:

The compaction or condensation spinning system
it does not differ much from the one currently used to obtain
Carded or combed yarns in continuous ring spinning.
It is suitable for all cotton fiber cutting and
wool cut, whether natural fibers, chemical fibers and their
mixes. It is also applied, with good results, to the
obtaining fine threads made from microfibers. They have not been
limitations detected regarding the number of threads that
It is necessary to obtain. It is necessary to adapt the operational organs.

from the continuous rings to the thickness of the thread to be made, to

just like in conventional continuous. In the spinning by

compaction modifies the stretching train of the continuous
to laugh to reduce the spinning triangle, integrating
better the emerging fibers in the core of the thread. Spinning
by compaction it recovers the appearance
and properties of the threads obtained with low stretches
in the continuous spinning but allows them to be manufactured with

stretched high and at elevated speeds.

By compaction
Main yarns by compaction:
The condensation system, A, replaces the devices of
aspiration of the broken threads of the continuous spinning by a system
to produce the condensation of the fibers. It consists of a slot, of
a microporous Teflon web and a suction of the fibers over
the support beam. A tension (stretching) of the fibers is caused in the
condensation zone. The second system, B, consists of cylinders of
nutrition (1 and 11) and intermediaries (2 and 21), a couple of bags and a
perforated drum 3 with two cylinders 31 and 31 that constitute the area
of condensation. In the main drawing area, the fibers are
guided by the bags, but the distance between the bag R and the cylinder
N is much larger than in a conventional system. Within the
stationary drum 4 there is a slight depression. In this system,
there is no tension (stretched) in the condensation group. The
compaction system, C, consists of feed cylinders (1 and
11), intermediates (2 and 21) and stretchers (3 and 31), two bags for the
fiber control, a perforated bag H (with an opening H1, H2) and
two output cylinders (4 and 41). This arrangement of the stretching train
is not limited by the length of the fibers, as it simply
They add some mechanisms to the conventional stretching machine. It can be

apply a tension to the fibers of the stretched wick.

The D system is the one used in this study. Next is the train.
the conventional stretching of the continuous spinning is arranged
condensation mechanism, so this method is suitable
for all types of fibers, regardless of their length and
length diagram. The condensation mechanism consists of a
bag with 4444 holes per square centimeter, a
special profile PT and an S opening to have a slight depression.
The holes in the bag are very small and only allow passage.
dust and some broken fiber tips. It needs to be cleaned with
frequency, these sieves (it can be done with the machine in
(march). A gear, G, drives the condenser cylinder 4 and this to
or the holey bag. The output tension will depend on whether they are
short or long fibers. To work with long fibers, it is advisable to have
self-lubricating rings and for short fibers, super-polished rings.
Currently, the continuous ones that meet a minimum of conditions
techniques can be transformed into continuous compaction.
It is about a powerful vacuum cleaner for fibers and dust. It is advisable to separate.

the conventional continuities of the compaction for the

greater amount of waste generated by conventional processes
do not deposit in the condensation zone, affecting the quality of the
compressed thread. It is well known that high humidity in the
Spinning room will cause wrappings on the stretching cylinders.
from the continuous. If it had very low humidity, it would increase the

formation of foam.

Main conclusions:
All the studied threads (of carded and combed cotton, fibers of
latest generation fire-resistant, wool, polyester/wool and fiber
acrylic), obtained by compaction have greater resistance and
elongation to rupture by tension, greater mass regularity and
a significantly less hairiness, since this compaction
incorporate all the emerging fibers into the core of the thread. This reduces
the waste on the dresser, with the same level of thread quality
manufactured. The compacted threads can be worked with, in most
of the cases, without scorching, significantly reducing the loss
of fibers through this action. All these advantages directly influence
in the breaks in spinning and in the performance in weaving: they can be
reduce thread breakage in warping and weaving by 30 to 50%
with the consequent increase in the quality of the fabrics produced.
These good properties can be leveraged to reduce up to
the 15% the twisting of the threads with respect to that of a thread obtained in

a continuous conventional ring, of equal quality. In addition to

reducing the spinning cost represents a significant improvement in touch
of the fabric, very important for threads intended for knitted fabrics.
Twisting of the threads can also reduce torsion.
removes, in some cases, the paraffin coating from the thread. This decrease in
the twisting of the threads facilitates the application of dyes and/or products
of finishing on the fabrics.

The compacted threads resist better against pilling.

successive windings at high speed that the obtained threads in the
continues to weave conventional rings. For the same level of
quality can be wound at higher speeds. The materials that
it is necessary to focus on spinning by compaction, they must have a low
content of plant contaminants to prevent clogging of the systems
of aspiration. It is essential to have an air system
conditioned in very good conditions of dust filtration and
separate the conventional continuities from those of compaction for
that the largest amount of sludge generated in the conventional system
does not affect the quality of the thread. It is a new conception of the
Yarn suitable only for well-equipped spinners and with technology
well developed.

Fundamentals of compact spinning:

The compacting or condensation spinning system does not differ
much of what is currently used to obtain carded threads or
hairstyles in continuous ring twisting. It is suitable for everyone.
cotton cutting fibers and wool cutting fibers, whether natural fibers,
chemical fibers and their blends. It is also applied with good
results, to the obtaining of fine threads based on microfibers. Not
They have detected limitations regarding the number of threads that need to be

obtain. It is necessary to adapt the operational bodies of the continuous

rings to the thickness of the wire to be manufactured, just like in the continuous

conventional. In the spinning by compaction, the train is modified

stretched from the spinning line to reduce the spinning triangle,
better integrating the emerging fibers into the core of the thread.
Main compact spinning systems A, B, C:
All the studied threads (of carded and combed cotton,
fire-resistant, state-of-the-art fibers, wool,
polyester/wool and acrylic fiber), obtained by compacting have
greater resistance and elongation to breakage by traction, greater
mass regularity and significantly less hairiness, as this
compaction incorporates all the emerging fibers into the core of the
Hello. This is how waste is reduced in the hairdresser, at the same level.
of the quality of the manufactured thread. The compacted threads can be

to work, in most cases, without scorching, reducing oneself

notably the loss of fibers due to this action. All these
advantages directly impact breaks in spinning and in the
performance in weaving: thread breakage can be reduced in the
hurt and the weaving of 30 to 50%, with the consequent increase of the
quality of the fabrics manufactured. These good ones can be taken advantage of

properties to reduce thread twisting by up to 15% with

regarding that of a thread obtained in a continuous ring
conventional, of equal quality. In addition to reducing the cost of
yarn, represents a significant improvement in the feel of the fabric, very
important for threads intended for knit fabrics. It also
it can reduce the twisting of the threads. It is suppressed, in
in some cases, the wax coating of the thread. This reduction in twisting.
from the threads facilitates the application of dyes and/or products of
finish on the fabrics. The compacted threads are more resistant to
formation of fuzziness in successive windings at high speed that
the threads obtained in the conventional ring spinning.
For the same level of quality, it can be wound at higher.
speeds. The subjects that need to be addressed in spinning regarding
compaction must have a low content of contaminants
vegetables to avoid clogging the suction systems. It turns out
essential to have an air conditioning system in very
good dust filtration conditions and separate the continuous ones
conventional compaction ones so that the largest amount
generated waste in the conventional system does not affect the quality of
Hello. It is about a new conception of spinning suitable only for
well-equipped spinners with well-developed technology.
SPINNING THROUGH FLUIDS
CONCEPT:
The object of this invention is a new Spinning System within
a fluid medium, which transforms fibers into threads using a
fluid medium in which the fibers are introduced, moved and
transformed into thread (spinning) through control and variation of
certain parameters of the fluid system and the control of
movement of the fibers to spin, and they can also receive in said
fluid medium a physical and/or chemical treatment of those known in the
textile sector, simultaneously with the spinning process.

FLUID SPINNING SYSTEM

The object of this invention is a new Spinning System within

a fluid medium, which transforms fibers into threads using a
fluid medium in which the fibers are introduced, moved and
transformed into thread (spinning) by means of control and variation of
certain parameters of the fluid system and the control of
 A certain resistance is required to prepare the thread and weave it.
for example, the warp thread must be stronger because of the
tensions to which the weft thread and the warp thread are subjected on the loom
they do not withstand so much tension during the weaving process, therefore
in the thread it is more prone to curl and tangle itself,
measurement processed on the loom.

Twists are measured in:

twist per inch (tpi)
twist per meter (tpm)

A common thread has between 15 to 20 twists per inch.

basically depending on its fineness.

Twists/inch = twist multiplier x square root of the

Don't unravel the thread:

Final use of the thread Torque multiplier

Knitted fabric 2.5 to 3.0

Plot 3.0 to 3.5

Warp 3.5 to 5.0

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RING SPUN YARNS AND YARNS

OPEN END:

ADVANTAGES OF OPEN END YARNS:

They have better irregularity values.
It has greater elongation.
They have smaller thick and thin parts.
They have fewer splices per coil.
They have fewer impurities than a carded thread of the same quality.
They are bulkier.
They have greater resistance.

DISADVANTAGES:
they are less resistant to tension.
It has a very different structure from that of ring threads.
The spinning process occurs from the introduction of the
fibers, dragged by a fluid medium, through one or several
holes or injectors, perpendicular or oblique to the axis of the
conduction, within the closed circuit of pressurized fluid, starting from
whose moment is carried out, in a combined and scheduled manner
agreement on the type of thread to obtain: parallel connections of
different ports or entry injectors through which it
admits fluid under pressure in the circuit (with fibers or without fibers), effects

of reducing the diameters of the openings to facilitate an effect

Venturi, Venturi effects inside the conduits, connection
among different conductors to achieve superposition or
folding of different fibers, and any other known effect in the
technique that can be carried out by conventional means
inside a fluid that contains some solids (fibers) in
suspension. Among these effects are included: tinting, vaporization,
fixed or other possible treatments of fibers and/or threads.

Making a comparison with conventional spinning, we will say

that the fibers introduced into the fluid medium BEND or
overlap when two fluid inlet injectors and fibers are
they connect in parallel or two conduits meet at a point,
and each time a Venturi effect is applied (increase of the
velocity in the medium as a cause of the decrease in the section of
step) a STRETCHING of the fibers is performed. This is necessary in the
spinning to regularize the fibers and place them as parallel as possible
possible one and the other. With the Venturi effect, we obtain the effect of

reduce the mass of fibers that circulates within a medium in such a way
that the final title (thickness) of the thread will depend on the amount of fibers

in grams per linear unit of section of said wire (title of

a thread).

Also within the circuit, whose conduits can have shapes

various geometries, preferably tubular, can
arrange several auxiliary devices that help to parallelize the
fibers inside the fluid. These devices can be, by
example, roughness (carding flanges) that provide a
mechanical assistance within the fluid to parallelize the fibers, fins,
deflector plates, nozzles for introducing pressurized air or others
fixed or movable elements that allow to modify at will the
direction of the fluid flow.

The twisting of the thread is done by applying effects

various that may or may not be combined with each other and that may
apply simultaneously or in deferred phases of the process. The
different effects and degrees of torsion are achieved through the
application of well-known conventional techniques in the
fluid dynamics technique, through which controlled use
the trajectory of the fluid is diverted and consequently that of the fibers
circulating, a circular movement of the thread is generated over itself
by creating a Coriolis effect, or any is done
change of direction in any of the three directions of space
(for example, 180 degrees of deviation, multiple changes of
spiral direction, etc.), all of this to apply a twist to the thread.
controlled; the above can be combined with specific changes of
passage section to internally provoke Venturi effects and with the
injection of more fibers at designated points.

The twisting of the fibers occurs when the fibers intertwine.

to each other, once they have been attached as parallel as possible
to each other.

As expressed before, this can be achieved either by the

manipulation of solids (fibers) within the fluid and/or by the
insertion of new fibers through additional injectors (with
possibility of Venturi effects or not), in such a way that the fibers
remain intertwined and twisted.

Once the effect is achieved within the system, the thread is already bent.
whether stretched and/or twisted is collected using a folding system
it can be a conventional winding or another existing system
in the market.

The type of fluid medium can be any of those used in the

industrial practice.

Other desired additional transformations of the thread can

to be achieved through the use of selected fluids to
such purposes or by the addition of fluids to the fluid system
different. Among them, we will mention those that imply
modifications of the physical and chemical structure of the fibers and the thread
resulting. Examples of these transformations can be dyeing.
of the thread, the vaporization, the fixing, the ensimaje or treatment by
liquids to enhance the physical or mechanical properties of the thread,
surface treatments or others, just to name a few of
everything that the textile industry can do within an environment
fluid. The pressure and temperature of the fluid used can be
various depending on the desired characteristics of the final thread
to manufacture.

All the possible effects that in the known textile practice are
They can be given to a thread, they can also be reproduced in the system.
fluid of the invention through the modification of the variables
static and dynamic of the fluid system, as described
previously. For example, one can make a
"flameado" handling stretches (Venturi effects or combination of
the ones described above) programmed within the medium
fluid.

Other effects can be loops, serrations, knots, insertion of Lycra,

etc.

The dimensions of the ducts or conduits used for

configure the circuit can be any and the pumps of
propulsion and injection as well as the control elements
(manometers, etc.) and programming of the operations can
form, along with the necessary injectors, subsystems that
achieve the same goals in laminar or turbulent regime in the
interior of the duct.

DREF HIGHLIGHT

CONCEPT:

The main advantage of the DREF system compared to all the

the spinning systems mentioned earlier consist of the
design of the two perforated cylinders, as well as in the position of two
suction devices facing each other in the pinch zone between the
two spinning cylinders. The fibers are transported by the current
The air in the spinning unit no longer forms a layer that...
transported to the torsion zone via the perforated cylinders, but not
The individual fibers are added to the end of the spinning thread and twisted.
hasta formar un conjunto de hilo. La torsión posible a alcanzar
it depends on the one hand on the speeds of the cylinders and on the other
side of the suction intensity.

The formation zone of the hila is located between the two cylinders.
of hilar, about the plane that connects its centers. Depending on its
título, el hilo puede variar en altura su posición en la zona de pinzado
forever remains in contact with the two surfaces of the
spinning cylinders. The air current that carries the fibers to the
spinning unit as well as the two suction currents form a
force component that is oriented towards the clamping area. The
the contact of the thread with the two surfaces divides the clamping force into
the respective normal forces of each of the spinning cylinders.
The normal force and the coefficient of friction, depending on the
the structure of the surface of the spinning cylinders, 'form a pair of
friction forces that give the thread the effect of being twisted. The thread thus

produced can be delivered from the parallel pinching zone to

the axes of the spinning cylinders, without causing a notable axial force,
which is the case in all conventional spinning systems. This
notable axial force refers to the tension of the yarn produced at the
output from this to the winding device.
 Specific Characteristics: One of the main
Characteristics presented by the DREF system include the diameter of the...

spinning cylinders that are much larger than the diameter of

hello. As a result, this leads to a revolution of a deciliter
Due to the hilar, a high degree of distortion is achieved in the entire thread.

Reciprocally expressing this results in a small number of

revolutions of the rotating elements necessary for the process
of spinning. If the ratio between the diameter of the spinning cylinders
and the thread is approximately 100:1 and the wire cylinders rotate with 3000

r.p.m. this theoretically means that the spinning unit can

offer a potential twist of 300,000 r.p.m. and although
a maximum of 50% of the torsional potential disappears,
product of the sliding between the surface of the thread and the surface
of the spinning cylinders there are still 100,000 r.p.m. available to
twist potential of], thread, value - cannot be reached with
none of the conventional systems. As we have already
mentioned earlier that the friction forces in the area of
they are pinned as responsible for the formation of the thread, and that

they also transmit the torsion of the thread without causing an axial force;

then this will allow for a spinning process almost without

breakages. Another advantage of the system. DREF represents the possibility

to segregate impurities in the spinning area, that is to say they can

remove plant impurities and dirt directly during the
process of thread formation without any complication.

CURRENT SITUATION AND MODELS:

Today there are 3 different models of the DREF spinning system:
DREF 2, an open-cable system that is applied exclusively in
the thick thread sector; DREF 3 system conceived for the
production of medium title threads and DREF 5 designed for the
production of threads with finer counts than DREF 3.
THE DREF 2 SYSTEM:

Based on the possibilities techniques offered by ' this

system, especially for the range of coarse titles, it has been
established in the market since its introduction in 1977. Since
so they have been sold in the everyone more than 1000
DREF 2 machines and production rates in the range of titles
rude, from Nm 1 - Nm 10 amounts to 200,000 tons of
threads. In the global production of yarns, the range of titles
elaborated bastos on DREF 2 machines represents approximately 25%
DREF 2 system is suitable for central feeding of
set of fibers, such as e.g. threads, filaments (mono - or
multifilaments, textured or high tenacity filaments, fibers of
aramid, fiberglass, and even metal wires. The threads
multicomponent DREF 2 are applied only in the sector of
thick titles.

Operating Principle DREF 2:

The disaggregation of the strands into individual fibers is carried out

by a rotating carding drum. A special input unit
guaranteed the retention of a set of highlights. The highlights are
they separate from the carding drum due to the effect of centrifugal force and,

supported by an auxiliary airflow, they are transported to the

pinching zone between the two spinning cylinders.

THE DREF 3 SYSTEM:

The second type of friction spinning technology available

in the market is the DREF 3 system, which has applications in the
range of medium titles of Nm 1.5 - 40 (667-25 Tex). The
nutrition of at least two components of fibers (being
this is necessary for the spinning principle related to fixation
from the false twist) automatically results in a thread
multicomponent.

Operating Principle DREF 3:

It is based on the simultaneous feeding of two individual currents.

from fibers to the spinning unit. DREF. To the drafting machine located
In front of the spinning unit, a roving of manuar is fed.
what happens in the second stretching passage to form the
nucleus. Since the nucleus receives a twisting force between the pair of
delivery cylinders of the first stretch train and the pair of cylinders of
complete output, it is necessary to feed a second component of
fibers in the form of individual fibers to cover the core, that is
fix it. These cover fibers coat the core in the area d
spinning and thus ensure a permanent fixation. The thread produced from
this way results in its structure a bicomponent thread
composed of a core component with parallel fibers like this
as By a component of discontinuous individual fibers of
Covering that wraps the nucleus in a spiral shape.

Dreff system 5
 There is not much information available about this system.

regarding, but it is well known that its conception began to

mid-1980s. Currently
introduction to the market, is in the process of
development.

HAIR STYLED SYSTEM

Opening, Cleaning, Mixing

The feeder system introduces the cotton fibers to the

machines that remove pieces of leaves, stems, and fragments of
the seed. The fibers of cotton are combined by
weight and classification to obtain the desired proportions.

Carded

The card separates the fibers into individual strands and removes the
residual waste and the dust. The machine then positions the
fibers evenly and twists them into a strand inside
of a cylindrical container.

Stretched

The carded fibers go through a series of rollers that mix and

They stretch the fibers. The purpose is to reduce the weight variation and
imperfections in the strands.

Hairstyling, Preparation for Hairstyling

The combing process removes short fibers and imperfections,

therefore creating strong, clean, and uniform fibers. Fabrics
made from combed yarn are glossy, soft, and more flexible.
 Specialized Yarn

The thread is twisted and produced with Open spinning technology.

End, Ring Spun and Air Jet.

Semi-peeled yarn
INTRODUCTION:

The classification of the fiber has been carried out, especially taking into account

consideration, the fiber longer than 6 cm is intended for the

preparation ofTOPSoPEINADO

The processes to follow to arrive at this product are:

. CARDING: in mechanical carders, which produce as a product

THE VEIL OF CARDARoFLAT SLIVER

. HALF UPDO: the FLAT SILVER conditioned for the

passage through machinesGILLoINTERSECTING, after three

passages are obtained the SLIVER or SEMI-PEINADO

. HAIRSTYLE: the SLIVERS go through the styling machines in

which are finished being parallelized, stretched, and cleaned of

impurities to the fibers resulting in Fiber Rolls
Styled or TOPS
The latest innovations in textile machines for the
spinning

Oerlikon Schlafhorst Sets the Standard for Spinning

Cut Fibers

The company Oerlikon Schlafhorst, a member of the Oerlikon Group,

presented new spinning technologies at the recent ITMA exhibition
2007 held in Munich, Germany, which confirmed its position
como líder en el mercado y tecnología en los sectores de la hilatura
by rings, winding, and rotor spinning.

Dr. Carsten Voigtländer, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), of

Oerlikon Textile, declaró al respecto: “Nuestro objetivo fue el de
position the new brand of our company, Oerlikon (which as
an umbrella covers several other brands) as a leader in the market
worldwide and leader in innovation in the textile market —in this sense,
our success at ITMA exceeded our expectations.

The size of the booth at the fair, approximately 2,000 meters

squares, and in particular, the secretly well innovations
taken care of in the areas of packages (coils), thread quality and
the spooled thread acted like a powerful magnet to attract
the visitors.

The following describes some of the main innovations

presented at the fair by Oerlikon Schlafhorst.

New Autoconer 5 with Preci FX:

With the new Autoconer 5, Oerlikon Schlafhorst once again highlighted

its leadership in innovation and technology in the market of the
winding machines. Excellent bundles or coils, quality of
spinning and splicing, high productivity, and dynamic processes
flexible thanks to new individual motor controls, they were good
received, as well as the quick adjustment, the precise diagnosis of
the errors, and the minimum maintenance.
The visitors to the fair received the modern open design very well.
and the interactive user guide that greatly simplifies the
operation of the Autoconer 5.
El nuevo sistema de desplazamiento del hilado, Preci FX, un sistema
without a drum for the automatic winding of the packages, it was revealed
like a 'quantum' leap in winding technology. The advantages
The benefits of the Preci FX system for users are: maximum flexibility and
digitally controlled package structure, as well as
features of the package with just the press of a button.
With complete digital control, the Preci FX system ensures a
package absolutely free of 'patterning', which is a development
particularly well received for the subsequent processes.

Redefined rotor spinning:

Oerlikon Schlafhorst also had a surprise for the
fans of rotor spinning technology. The Autocoro, the
market leader in rotor spinning, was presented in a new
concept, consisting of the Autocoro S 360 and Autocoro 480 models.

This new concept eliminates the mandatory coupling of the

automation and quality. The quality of the Autocoro spinning and the
package quality is guaranteed with both models, but the
Autocoro users can now precisely adjust the level.
of automation according to your requirements.
The new DigiPiecing technology in the Autocoro S 360 is a milestone for
this concept oriented towards quality. The technology of
DigiPiecing is 100% digital, with digital control and testing.
digital in which individual control technologies and sensors
intelligent ones work hand in hand.
The DigiPiecing system was established at ITMA as a real magnet
to attract a real audience of professionals in the field of
rotor spinning technology, and as the standout point for
high-quality thread splices made at rotor speeds
at 130,000 rpm.

Comp ACT3 Spinning Technology:

Oerlikon Schlafhorst demonstrated its expertise in the spinning sector at
rotors for compact yarns, particularly in those areas in
where conventional processes leave much to be desired.
The enormous interest shown in the Zinser 351 C3 machine exhibited in
ITMA confirmed the technological superiority of this system and the high
quality of its details and technological benefits. These include, by
example, the individual adjustability of the spinning structure, the
compact unit that cleans itself, and the reliability of the
quality of the yarn, which can be adjusted with just the press of a button.
In 2008, Oerlikon Schlafhorst will once again forge a name for
herself as a leader in innovation and in the market. At the ITMA
Asia, the firm will present additional innovations in the sectors of
packages, thread quality, and thread splicing.
Under the slogan of 'Join the Circle of Innovation', Oerlikon
Schlafhorst plans to launch new opportunities and visions.
from the market as well as the presentation of exciting innovations
technological advancements in ring spinning, the winding of packages of
yarns, and rotor spinning.