LIST 3 - Prof.

Jason Gallas, DF-UFPB 10 de Junho de 2013, a`s 13:45

Solved Exercises of Basic Physics ´

Jason Alfredo Carlson Gallas, full professor of theoretical physics,
Doctor in Physics from Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany

Federal University of Paraíba (João Pessoa, Brazil)

Department of Physics

Numbering according to the sixth edition of "Fundamentals of Physics", Halliday, Resnick, and Walker.

This and other lists can be found at:[Link]

Contents
11ROTATION˜ 2
Questionnaire 2
11.2 Exercises and Problems 2
11.3 As Rotation Variables. 2
11.4 Linear and Angular Variables 4
11.5 Rotational Kinetic Energy 5
11.6 Calculation of the Moment of Inertia 5
11.7 Torque 6
11.8A The Second Law of Newton for Rotation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
11.9 Work, Power and the Work-Energy Theorem 8
11.10 Additional Problems 9

Comments/Suggestions and Errors: please send to jasongallas @ [Link] (without 'br' at the end...)
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LIST 3 - Prof. Jason Gallas, DF-UFPB June 10, 2013, at 1:45 PM

˜
11ROTATION Is there tangential acceleration? When she spins with
constant angular acceleration, the point has acceleration
radial? Is there tangential acceleration? The modules of these
11.1 Questionnaire Do accelerations vary over time?

Q11-3. Yes, the radial accelerationr=ω2the acceleration

tangential is zero in this case. Rotating with acceleration
The vector that represents the angular velocity of rotation angular constant, the edge point has acceleration
from a wheel around a fixed axis must be nec- dialar (t) = (α t)2tangential accelerationt=α r
essentially about this axis? constant.

Yes, the angular velocity vector defines the axis of

rotation. Even when the axis is not fixed, the vector is Q11-15.
directed along this axis, as in the case of the movi- What is the relationship between the angular velocities of a pair
ment of a piano. The angular velocity of precession of coupled gears, with different radii?
also a vector directed along the direction in
torno from which the axis of the pinion precesses.
The edge points of the gears have the same ve-
linear velocity: ω1r1=ω2r2 Thus, the gear
The one with the smallest radius has the highest angular velocity.
Q11-8.
Why is it convenient to express in revolutions by
second squared in the expression θ=ωo t+2a t2e 1 Q11-21.
not in the expressiont=α r? Figure 11.25 shows a 1m bar, with half
half wood and half metal, fixed by an axis in
Because in the equation θ = ωot+ a t2 ,theo also
o point The end of wood. A force
2
are measurable quantities inevolutions and revo- applied to the pointed metal tip. In Fig.
luxuries per second, respectively. But in the equation 11.25b, a bar fixed by an axis in O0 at the extremity
at=α r, to obtain linear acceleration in m/s2 ,α the metal age is the same force applied to point a0
must be expressed in radians/s2 . from the wooden end. The angular acceleration
the same for both cases? If not, in which case is it?
greater?
Q11-9.
A rigid body can rotate freely around a The density of metaise is greater than that of wood.
fixed axis. It ´is possible that the angular acceleration of this such that in situation (b), the moment of inertia of the
the body is different from zero, even if its speed bar in relation to the point O0 is greater than in
case (a). Thus, by the relationship τ=I α, it follows that
Should the angular damage be null (maybe, instantly)? Which one?
the linear equivalent of this situation? Illustrate both I(a) α(a) I(b) α(b) Angular accelerations do not
situations with examples. are the same in both cases, being α(a) > α(b) .

I Yes. If the rigid body is subjected to a

deceleration, its angular velocity eventually
it will be zero, and then it will start to grow in the direction11.2 Exercises and Problems
opposite. The linear equivalent of this situation can
being of a body thrown vertically upwards; its 11.3 As Rotation Variables
speed is zero at the highest point of the trajectory and it
falls again. 11-6P.
A wheel spins with an angular acceleration α given by
Q11-13. α = 4at3-3bt2 I don't understand the time, and there is confusion with...
stantes. Seωoit is the initial speed of the wheel, deduce the
Imagine a wheel spinning on its axis and consider equations for (a) angular velocity and (b) displacement
a point on its edge. The point has radial acceleration, angular momentum as a function of time.
When does the wheel rotate with constant angular velocity?

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LIST 3 - Prof. Jason Gallas, DF-UFPB 10 de Junho de 2013, a`s 13:45

I(a) To obtain the angular velocity, just integrate the I(a) Being ωo= 25.0 rad/s, it is
given angular acceleration:
ω t ω=ωo-α t= 0
Z dω0= Z α dt0 ωo 25.0
ωo 0 α= = 1.25 rad/s2 .
t 20.0
ω−ωo =a t4-b t3 Angle traversed
ω(t) = ω o+a t4-b t3 t2
The angular displacement obtained by integrating the ve- θ=ωot−α
2
angular velocity
θ = 250 rad.
θ t
Z dθ0= Z ω dt0 (c) For the number of revolutions N, we have
θo 0
θ 39.80 revolutions.
t5 t4 N=
θ−θo =ωo t plus a minus b 2π
5 4
t5 t4
θ(t) = θo+a−b
5 4 11-23P.
A disk rotates around a fixed axis, starting from the re-
11-10P. landing with constant angular acceleration until reaching the
A wheel has eight spokes of 30cm. It is mounted only rotation of 10 rev/s. After completing 60 revolutions,
It turns a fixed axis at 2.5 rev/s. You intend to its angular speed is 15 rev/s. Calculate (a) the
shoot an arrow 20cm long through angular acceleration, (b) the time required to complete
from the wheel, parallel to its axis, without the arrow knit the 60 revolutions, (c) the time necessary to
collides with any ray. Suppose that both the arrow reach an angular velocity of 10 rev/s and (d) the number
as long as the rays are very thin; see Fig. 11.26. from rest to a speed of 10
(a) What is the minimum speed the arrow must have? (b) rev/s.
The localization of the point you are aiming at, between the axis and the
Does the rim of the wheel matter? If so, The angular speed of the disk increases from 10
What is the best location? rad/s to 15 rad/s in the necessary interval to complete
such as 60 revolutions.
The angle between two consecutive rays is π/4 and the
necessary time to travel it ω 2=ω2o+ 2α θ

θ pi/4 ω2o
= 0.05s. 1.04 revolutions per second2 .
t= = α=ω2− 2θ
ω 5π
(b) The time required for the 60 volts is
The minimum speed of the arrow must be then
l 0.20 ω−ωo
v= = = 4.0m/s. t= 4.8s.
t 0.05 α

No, if the angular velocity remains constant. The time until reaching 10 rad/s
ωo
11-15E. t 0= = 9.62s.
α
The engine's flywheel is spinning at 25.0 rad/s.
And the number of laps completed in the interval is
When the engine is off, the steering wheel slows down.
a constant rate until it stops at 20.0s. Calculate (a)
ω2o = 48 revolutions.
the angular acceleration of the steering wheel (in rad/s)2 ), (b) or θ=
2alpha
ostphnpateuncigloam
edr)(nivl)ite(drber
of revolutions completed by the steering wheel until it stops.

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11.4 As Linear andAngular Variables (b) The coin is projected tangentially, following a
straight trajectory.
11-29E.
A turbine with a diameter of 1.20m is rotating at 200. 11-36P.
rev/min. (a) What is the angular speed of the turbine in
The turbine of a steam engine spins at a speed of
rad/s? (b) What is the linear speed of a point on its
gave angular constant of 150 rev/min. When the steam
borda? (c) What constant angular acceleration (rev/min2 )
It is turned off, the friction in the bearings and the resistance of the air
Will it increase its speed to 1000 rev/min in 60s? the turbine parameters 2.2h. (a) What is the angular acceleration
how many revolutions will it complete during this period
Is it good for the 60s?
turbine constant, in rev/min2 , during the break? (b)
How many revolutions does it make before stopping? (c) What is the
tangential component of the particle's linear acceleration
I(a) The angular velocity in rad/s located 50cm from the axis of rotation, when the turbine
(200)(2π) Is it rotating at 75 rev/min? (d) In relation to the particle of
ω= 20.94 rad/s. eItm(cw
),hashitemoduulsohtferesunitlgnileaarcceelraoitn?
60
Any point on the edge of the turbine moves The given interval corresponds to 132min.
locity angular acceleration

v=ωr= (20.94)(0.60) = 12.56m/s. ωo

α= 1.136 revolutions per minute2 .
t
The necessary angular acceleration The number of laps until I will stop
ω−ωo 1000 minus 200
ωo2
α= = = 800rev/min2 . θ= = 9903rev.
t 1.0 2α
(d) O nu´mero do voltas no intervalo de1.0minutoe´ (c) To obtain the tangential linear acceleration in
SI units, angular acceleration must be expressed in
2 2 rad/s2 . By making the conversation, we obtain α = 1.98×10−3
θ= ω −ωo = 600rev.
2α rad/s2e
at=αr= 9.91×10−4m/s2 .

11-34E. The angular velocity ω = 75 rev/min corresponds to

7.85 rad/s and
A certain coin of mass Me is placed at a
distance from the center of the turntable platter. ar=ω2 r= 30.81m/s2 .
coefficient of static frictione . The angu-speed-
the turntable's speed is gradually increasing until ωo , Therefore, the module of the resulting linear acceleration is
when, at this moment, the coin slips out of the 2 230.81 m/s2 .
a=a+a
prato. (a) Determine ωodepending on the magnitudes M, t
pr
R, geµe (b) Make a sketch showing the trajectory
approximately of the currency, when it is projected out of the 11-42P.
turntable. Four pulleys are connected by two belts.
shown in Fig. 11−30. The pulley A (15cm of
The coin is under the action of the centripetal force The radius is the driving pulley and rotates at 10 rad/s. B (10 cm of
ray) is connected to Appeal belt 1. A B0(5.0cm
F = Mω2 R.
de raio)e´ conceˆntricaa`Be esta´ rigidamente ligada a
She. The pulley (25 cm in radius) is connected to B.0by
When the plate reaches the speed ωo , the force
Centripetal equals maximum static friction force: correia2. Calculate (a) the linear velocity of a point
on the belt1, (b) the angular velocity of pulley B, (c) the
Mω 2 R=µ o Mg angular velocity of pulley B0 the linear velocity
from a point on the belt2e (e) the angular velocity of the
µo g poliaC.
ωo= r
R

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LIST 3 - Prof. Jason Gallas, DF-UFPB June 10, 2013, at 13:45

The linear speed of any point on the belt11.6 Calculation of Moment of Inertia
1e´
v1=ωA rA1.5m/s. 11-49E.
The masses and the coordinates of four particles are the
The speed v1it is the speed of the points at the edge seguintes:50g,x= 2,0cm,y= 2,0cm;25g,x= 0,
from the pole B, whose angular velocity is then y= 4,0cm;25g,x=−3,0cm,y=−3,0cm;30g,
x = −2.0 cm, y = 4.0 cm. What is the moment of inertia?
v1
ω B= = 15 rad/s. of the set in relation (a) to the x-axis, (b) to the y-axis
rB (c) to the axis? (d) If the answers to (a) and (b) are,
, AeB, then what is the answer to (c)
(c) As poliasBeB0rotate around the same axis, of
in function of AeB?
so that
ωB'=ωB= 15 rad/s. This exercise is an application of the theorem of
perpendicular axes, not presented within the text.
The linear speed of any point on the belt is Este teoremae´ va´lido para distribuic¸o˜es de massa con-
they are in a plane, like thin plates. Here we have a
v2=ωB’ rB'0.75m/s. discrete mass distribution in the plane xy. We will in-
saying the masses butiand coordinatesxiheyiin order
(e) The points on the edge of the pulley have linear velocity. in which they appear in the statement.
v2 Therefore, Moment of inertia in relation to the axis x: a
distance of the particles to the x-axis measured on the y-axis
v2
ω C= = 3.0 rad/s.
rC
Ix = X mi y 2i
I

=m1 y21+m2 y22+m3 y23+m4 y24

1.305 times 10−4kg·m2 .

11.5 Kinetic Energy of Rotation
(b) For the calculation of the moment of inertia in relation to
to the axis, the distance from the particle to the axis is measured to
11-46P. long of the axis
The oxygen molecule, O2 has a total mass of
5.3×10−26kg is a moment of inertia of 1.94×10−46 Iy = X mi x2i
kg·m2 , regarding the axis that runs perpendicular- i

mind the junction line of the two atoms. Suppose that =m1 x12+m2 x22+m3 x23+m4 x42
this molecule has a speed of 500 m/s in a gas
and that its rotational kinetic energy is two thirds of = 5.45×10−2kg·m2 .
kinetic energy of translation. Determine its velocity-
daddy angular. (c) For the axis, we have

Iz= X mi r2i ,comr2=xI2+y2 . i

With the given relationship between the kinetic energies, we have i
i

2 The calculations providez1.9 times 10−4kg·m2 .

Krot. = Ktrans.
3 (d) Adding the obtained values for IxeIy , confir-
1 2 2 1 let's have the relationship
Iω = mv2
2 3 2
IzIx+Iy ,
Introducing the values dem, Iev, we obtain ω =
6.75 times 1012rad/s. what can we identify as the theorem of the axes
perpendiculars.

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11-51E.
2 1
Two particles, each with a mass, are linked. MR0 = MR2
between itself and an axis of rotation in O by two bastions
2
each one, with a mass of length R
R0 = √2
shape shown in Fig. 11−32. The set rotates in
turns around the rotation axis with angular velocity ω. Equating the mentioned moments of inertia,
Determine algebraically the expressions (a) for the we have
moment of inertia of the set in relation to Oe (b) I=IA=Mk2 .
for the rotational kinetic energy in relation to O.
What we obtain directly
The moment of inertia for the axis passing through
I
Oé k= r .
M
Ml 2 Ml 2 3l 2
IO=ml2+m(2l)2+ + +M( )
3 12 2
8Ml2
equals 5ml2+ 11.7Torque
3
b) The kinetic energy of rotation
11-64P.
1 2 In Fig. 11-36, the body is fixed to an axis at the point
K = Iω
2 O. Three forces are applied in the directions shown in
1 8 figure: at point A, 8.0 m from O, FA= 10N; at the point
= 5ml2+Ml2ω 2
2 3 B, a4,0m deO,FB= 16N; at point C, 3.0m from
5 42 2 O,FC= 19N. What is the resulting torque in relation to O?
= m+M l ω
2 3
We calculate the torque produced by each of the
given forces:
11-58P. τA=rA FA sen45o= 56.57N·m, counterclockwise,
(a) Show that the moment of inertia of a cylinder
solid, of mass Me radius R, in relation to its central axis τB=rB FB sen90o64N·m, hourly
the same as the moment of inertia of a thin ring of
massaMe raioR/2 in √ relation to its central axis. (b)
τC=rC FC sen20o19.50N·m, counterclockwise.
Show that the moment of inertia of a body is
I want a mass concerning any axis equal to the Taking the positive meaning out of the plane of
moment of inertia of an equivalent arm in relation to page, we sum the values obtained above to have the
this axis, if the rim has the same mass resultant torque:
for
√ τR=τA−τB+τC
I
k= .
M = 12.07N·m, counterclockwise
The equivalent radius is called the radius of
back body.

The moments of inertia, in relation to the axes 11.8 The Second Law of Newton for the
mentioned, of the ring and the cylinder are
Rotation
1
IA=MR2eIAMR2 .
2 11-70P.
In order for these moments of inertia to be equal, the rim A force is applied tangentially to the edge of a
0
deve ter um certo raioR : pulley with a radius of 10cm and moment of inertia of
1.0×10−3kg·m2in relation to your axis. The force
IA=IC it is a variable module over time, according to the relationship

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LIST 3 - Prof. Jason Gallas, DF - UFPB 10 de Junho de 2013, a`s 13:45

F = 0.50t + 0.30t2 With Fem Newtons and according to the acceleration obtained above, the tension T1é
two. The pulley is initially at rest. Emt = 3.0
(a) what is your angular acceleration and (b) your ve- 2θR
T 1= M g - .
angular velocity? t2
Applying the second rotational law to the pulley (choose-
The torque acting on the pulley at the moment con-
moving in the clockwise direction as positive), we have
sideradoe´

τ(t= 3.0) = rF(t= 3.0) = 0.42N·m. (T1-2 )R=Iα.

Taking T2 who comes
The angular acceleration at this moment is
2MθR 2Iθ
τ T2=Mg− − Rt2 .
α(t= 3.0) = 42 rad/s2 . t2
I
We obtain the angular velocity by integrating the function
α(t): 11-77P.
A tall, cylindrical chimney falls if there is
ω t
0 0 0 20 a rupture in your base. Treating the chimney as a
Z dω = Z (50t + 30t )dt
0 0 fine bastion, of height, express (the) ra-component
linear acceleration dial at the top of the chimney, as a function of
ω(t) = 25t 2+ 10t3
the angle she makes with the vertical, and (b) the component-
ω(t= 3.0) = 495 rad/s. tangential component of this same acceleration. (c) In which
Aoanegθicqate?rulal

11-75P. I(a) The radial component of the acceleration at the top of the
chimneyr=ω2 h. We can obtain using the
Two identical blocks, each with mass M, are connected. principle of conservation of energy. For angle
two by a rope of negligible mass, which goes through anything, we have
a pulley of radius Re with moment of inertia I (see Fig.
The rope does not slide over the pulley; unknown- h h 1
if there is or is not friction between the block and the table; there is not mg = mg cos θ + Iω2 .
2 2 2
friction at the pulley axis. When this system is released, 2
the pulley rotates at an angle θ, in time t, and the acceleration
ComI=mh /3, we obtain
two blocks are constant. (a) What is the angular acceleration of the 3g(1−cos θ)
polia? (b) What is the acceleration of the two blocks? (c) What are ω 2= ,
h
Are the tensions in the upper and lower parts of the rope? All
and the radial acceleration at the top then
these answers should be expressed in terms of M, I,
R,θ,get.
ar= 3g(1−cos θ).
If the system starts from rest and the acceleration (b)isTo obtain the tangential component of the acceleration of the
constant, then θ = α t2 /2e So, we now use the second Law in rotational form:
2θ τ =Iα
α= .
t2
h 1
(b) Disregarding any friction, the acceleration of mg sin θ = mh2 α
mass of the acceleration of the points on the edge of the pulley:
2 3
Comα = 3gsen θ/2h, we reach the requested acceleration
2θR
a=αR= . 3
t2 at=αh=gsen θ.
2
(c) Let's call T1the tension in the vertical part of the rope.
Taking the downward direction as positive, write- The total acceleration of the top
mos 9
Mg−T=Ma.
1 a2= 9g2 (1−cos θ)2+g2 you2 θ.
4

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Doing some algebra, we obtain a

quadratic equation for the variable cos θ, whose
root provides θ = 34.5o .
11-86P.

A uniform spherical shell, with mass M and radius R, spins

about a vertical axis, without friction (see Fig. 11−42).
A rope, with negligible mass, goes around the
11.9 Work, Power and Theorem of equator of the sphere and attaches a small body of mass
Work-Kinetic Energy m, which can fall freely under the action of gravity. A
the rope lifts the body through a moment pulley
of inertia and radius. The friction of the pulley in relation to the axis
11-82P. It is null and the rope does not slide on the pulley. What is the speed?
A ruler, supported vertically on the ground by one of the of the body, after falling from a height, starting from
limbs, it falls. Determine the speed of the other ex- rest? Use the work-energy theorem.
tremor when it hits the ground, assuming that the tip
do not slide on the support. (Suggestion: consider the ruler as Following the suggestion of the statement, the actual work-
a thin rod and use the principle of conservation of en- Given by gravity on the mass m: W = mgh.
ergy. As the system starts from rest, the variation of energy
kinetics
Following the given suggestion, we have
1 1 1
∆K=mv2+Iωp2+IC ω 2 , C
l one 1 2 2 2 2 2
mg = ml ω ,
2 2 3 wherepthe angular velocity of the pulley is ICeωCsa
the moment of inertia and the angular velocity of the shell
that provides ω = 3g/l. Therefore, the speed of the ex-
p Spherical. The speed also gives me the speed
the end of the ruler, when it hits the ground, it is
linear of the edge points of the pulley and of the points of
spherical shell. Then we can express the
v = ωl = 3gl.
p angular velocities in terms of linear velocity
of the mass
11-83P. v v
ω p= eωC= .
A rigid body is composed of three thin rods, r R
identical, of equal length, welded in the form of After these considerations, we finally have
H (see Fig. 11-41). The body rotates freely around
from a horizontal axis that runs along one of the W = ∆K
legs of the H. When the He's plane is horizontal, the body
which, starting from rest. What is the angular velocity of the 1 1 v2 1 2 v2
body when the plane of H passes through the vertical position? mgh= mv2+ I + MR2
2 2 r2 2 3 R2
1 I 2
The moment of inertia of the rigid body about the axis = m+ 2 + M v 2
2 r 3
mentioned
1 4 Removing the speed, we obtain
I=ml2+ml2=ml2 .
3 3 2mgh
v 2= .
Using the principle of conservation of energy, we have m+I/r2+2M/3

l 1 4 2 2 Remembering the equation of motion2= 2ah, can-

3mg = ml ω ,
2 2 3 easier to highlight the acceleration of the result
obtained, to which we arrive if we solve the problem us-
and, aside from the angular velocity, it results in I am reading the second law.

3 g
ω= r .
2 l

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11.10 Additional Problems Regarding this axis, we use the theorem:

1 2
11-91. I2 = mr +m(2r)2
2
A pulley with a radius of 0.20m is mounted on a 9 2
= mr
horizontal axis without friction. A rope, with mass of- 2
splayed, is wrapped around the pulley and attached to a
a 2.0 kg body, sliding without friction on a su- For the rigid body, we then have
inclined surface of 20owith the horizontal, according to I=I1+I2= 5mr23.2 kg·m2 .
shown in Fig. 11-43. The body descends with a
acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 What is the moment of inertia?
from the pulley around the axis of rotation?
11-96.
Let's use the second law here, in translation forms- A uniform cylinder with a radius of 10 cm and a mass of 20 kg.
and rotational. Taking the positive direction for it is mounted to rotate freely around a
under the inclined plane we have horizontal axis parallel to its longitudinal axis and dis-
tando 5.0 cm from this. (a) What is the moment of inertia of the
mg sen20o-T=ma. cylinder around the axis of rotation? (b) If the cylinder
starting from rest, with its axis aligned in the same al-
For the movement of the pulley, we write
rotation axis, what is its angular velocity when
a pass through the lowest point of the trajectory? (Suggestion:
Tr=Iα=I .
r use the principle of conservation of energy.
Bringing the first to the second equation, and ex-
explicitly I, we have
We use the parallel axis theorem to obtain
the moment of inertia:
mr2
I= o 2 I ICM+mh2
a (gsen20 −a) = 0.054kg·m .
one 2 r 2
= mr +m
11-93. 2 2
0.15kg·m2
Two thin discs, each with a mass of 4.0 kg and
radius of 0.40m, are connected as shown in the Fig. (b) Placing the reference of zero potential energy at
11-44 to form a rigid body. What is the moment? lowest point through which the center of mass passes
of the inertia of this body around the axis A, orthogonal to the
cylinder, we have
plane of the disks and passing through the center of one of them?

U1=K2
We have here an application of the theorem of the axes
alleles. We write the moment of inertia of the set r 1 2
mg = Iω
how 2 2
I=I1+I2 ,
Solving for the angular velocity, we get
2
where1=mr the moment of inertia of the disk
which passes the axis. To obtain the moment I2from the other ω = 11.44 rad/s.

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