Optimization Problems in Calculus
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ScribdTranslationsOptimization Problems in Calculus
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ScribdTranslationsCALCULATION I - EM 18
THIRD PARTIAL
S U SANAB E R M E O
PROBLEMSOF
OPTIMIZ ATION
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES
STEPS TO FOLLOW TO SOLVE THE
PROBLEM
1. Determine the objective of the problem; what needs to be done
maximum or minimum
2. Express that goal in the form of a function for better
understanding it is advisable to make a drawing
[Link] puntos máximos o mínimos se encuentran, si existen, entre
the solutions def'(x)=0
To see what the sought solution is, f''(x) is calculated and evaluated at
the solutions found in the previous step
EXAMPLE1
• A box is to be constructed, without a lid, starting from
a rectangular sheet measuring 32 cm long by 24 cm wide
wide. For this, a small square will be cut out of each
corner and it will bend.
What should be the side of the cut square to
that the volume of the resulting box is maximum?
RESOLVING
• In the first step, In the
previous example the
the goal is that the
volume of the box is
maximum.
RESOLVING
• In step two, the box is
a rectangular prism:
volume = area of the base
due to the height.
• Drawing
RESOLVING
• In step three,
AT LAST
• In step four,
• Note: The value x = 14.14 is not
possible, because 24 cm is not enough for
cut two pieces of size
14.14 each.
EXAMPLE2
•A metal mesh of 100 is available.
meters in length to fence an area
like the one in the figure. What are the
values of x and y that make the area
is the maximum closed?
CRITICALPOINTSANDEVALUATION
To solve the optimization problems of differential calculus
basic, we will use the following method:
1. Propose the function f that needs to be optimized (maximized or
minimize)
2. Calculate the derivative of the function f.
3. Find the critical points of f by setting the derivative f' to 0.
4. Study the monotonicity of the function (increasing or decreasing)
in the intervals generated by the critical points for
determine the type of extremes (relative or absolute).
EXAMPLE3
• A lidless box is to be built from a sheet of cardboard.
of 20x10cm. For this, a square of side L is cut from each
corner and fold the sheet raising the four sides of the box.
Determine the dimensions of the box so that its volume is
maximum if the side L must measure between 2 and 3 cm (2≤L≤3).
SOLUTION
• If a is the width of the box, h is its height and p is its depth,
then its volume is
• By cutting the four sides of length L, the width of the box is: a=20-2L
• The depth is: p=10-2L
• The height matches the height of the square, so: h = L
• Then the volume of the box as a function of L is given by
• We derive the function
• We set the derivative equal to 0 and solve the equation to find
the critical points
• We locate the points on the real line and study the signs in the
intervals
• We choose the points x=1 from the first interval, x=3 from the second.
interval and x=8 of the third:
• Then the function is increasing in the first interval, decreasing in
the second and growing into the third:
• But side L must measure between 2 and 3, that is, it must be
• Since in the interval [2.11, 3] the function is decreasing, the volume
It will be a maximum for L=2.11cm.
• Therefore, the dimensions of the box must be
That is, the dimensions are 15.78 x 5.78 x 2.11 cm and its volume
es192.45 3.
EXERCISES
• A metal mesh of 100 meters in length is available to fence a rectangular area.
What are the values of x and y, the dimensions of the rectangle, that make the area of
rhombus, formed by the union of the midpoints of the sides, be maximal?
• A company that manufactures wooden doors uses a rectangular plank for the leaf and
three strips of 10cm wide for the frame (side edges and top side). The price of
The board is $128 per square meter and the slats are $87 per linear meter.
Calculate:
• The dimensions of a door of 2 2for leaf area so that the cost is minimal.
What will its price be?
• If the door is 2.5 meters wide and 0.8 meters high, what is its price?