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Numerical Problems in Antenna Theory

The document presents important numerical questions related to Antenna and Propagation, covering various topics including the Friis Transmission Equation, directivity, effective aperture, input impedance, and radiation resistance. Each question requires calculations based on given parameters, such as antenna gain, frequency, and distance. The questions aim to test knowledge and application of antenna theory and propagation principles.

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44 views3 pages

Numerical Problems in Antenna Theory

The document presents important numerical questions related to Antenna and Propagation, covering various topics including the Friis Transmission Equation, directivity, effective aperture, input impedance, and radiation resistance. Each question requires calculations based on given parameters, such as antenna gain, frequency, and distance. The questions aim to test knowledge and application of antenna theory and propagation principles.

Uploaded by

mk4373773
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

➡️ MOST IMPORTANT NUMERICAL QUESTIONS (Antenna & Propagation)

(Covers every unit of syllabus: radiation fundamentals, dipoles, loops, aperture antennas,
arrays, Friis equation, smart antennas & propagation.)

1. Friis Transmission Equation Numerical

Ques. A transmitting antenna has Pt = 10 W, Gt = 8 dBi, and the receiving antenna has Gr =
5 dBi.
The antennas are separated by d = 2 km at f = 1 GHz.
Find the received power Pr using the Friis equation.

2. Directivity From Radiation Pattern

Ques. The radiation intensity of an antenna is:

3. Effective Aperture / Antenna Gain

Ques. An antenna has a gain of G = 12 dB and operates at λ = 0.15 m.


Find the effective aperture (Ae).

4. Input Impedance of a Half-Wave Dipole

Ques. The theoretical input impedance of a half-wave dipole is 73 + j42.5 Ω.


If the operating frequency changes slightly causing reactance to drop to j10 Ω,
find the VSWR when connected to a 75-Ω transmission line.

5. Field of an Infinitesimal Dipole

Ques. An infinitesimal dipole of length l = 5 mm carries a current of I₀ = 2 A at f = 100 MHz.


Find the far-field Eθ at distance r = 10 km.

6. Radiation Resistance of a Small Loop Antenna

Ques. A small circular loop has N = 2 turns, radius a = 0.1 m, operating at 10 MHz.
Calculate the radiation resistance using the small-loop formula.
7. Horn Antenna Gain Numerical

Ques. A pyramidal horn antenna has flare dimensions:

a = 20 cm, b = 15 cm

Operating frequency f = 10 GHz

Compute the aperture area, aperture efficiency (ηa = 0.6), and gain G.

8. Rectangular Microstrip Patch Design Numerical

Ques. Design a rectangular patch antenna for f = 2.4 GHz on FR-4 substrate (εr = 4.4,
thickness h = 1.6 mm).

Find the given values :

●​ Width W
●​ Effective dielectric constant εeff
●​ Extended length ΔL
●​ Actual patch length L

9. Uniform Linear Array (ULA) Beam Angle

Ques. A ULA consists of N = 8 elements with d = λ/2 spacing.


If the phase shift between elements is β = 45°,
find the angle θmax of the main beam using the array factor condition.

10. Array Factor and Directivity of 4-Element Array

Ques. A 4-element broadside array has element spacing d = λ/2 with uniform excitation.

Calculate:

●​ Array factor (AF)


●​ Half-power beamwidth (HPBW)
●​ Directivity (approx.)

11. Path Loss Calculation (Radio Wave Propagation)

Ques. Compute the free-space path loss (FSPL) for:


●​ Frequency f = 900 MHz
●​ Distance d = 5 km

12. Skip Distance (Ionospheric Propagation)

Given:
Maximum usable frequency MUF = 12 MHz
Critical frequency fo = 6 MHz

Find the skip distance using the skip-distance formula.

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