The Constitution of India
Chapter IV A
Fundamental Duties
ARTICLE 51A
Fundamental Duties- It shall be the duty of every citizen of India-
(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions,
the National Flag and the National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national
struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon
to do so;
(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst
all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional
or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the
dignity of women;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests,
lakes, rivers and wild life and to have compassion for living
creatures;
(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry
and reform;
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and
collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels
of endeavour and achievement;
(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education
to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six
and fourteen years.
The Coordination Committee formed by GR No. Abhyas - 2116/([Link].43/16) SD - 4
Dated 25.4.2016 has given approval to prescribe this textbook in its meeting held on
30.01.2020 and it has been decided to implement it from the educational year 2020-21.
Mathematics and Statistics
(Arts and Science)
Part - II
STANDARD - XII
Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research,
Pune - 411 004
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First Edition : 2020 © Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production
First Reprint : 2021 and Curriculum Research, Pune- 411 004.
Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum
Research reserves all rights relating to the book. No part of this book should
be reproduced without the written permission of the Director, Maharashtra
State Bureau of Textbook Production and curriculum Research, Pune.
Mathematics and Statistics Co-ordinator
(Arts and Science) Ujjwala Shrikant Godbole
Commitee Members I/C Special Officer for Mathematics
Dr. Mangla Narlikar (Chairman)
Dr. Sharad Gore (Member)
Shri. Prahallad Chippalagatti (Member) Cover &
Shri. Prasad Kunte (Member) Computer Drawings
Shri. Sujit Shinde (Member)
Shri. Sandip Koli, Artist, Mumbai
Smt. Prajkti Gokhale (Member)
Shri. Ramakant Sarode (Member)
Smt. Ujjwala Godbole (Member-Secretary)
Production
Sachchitanand Aphale
Chief Production Officer
Mathematics and Statistics
Sanjay Kamble
(Arts and Science) Production Officer
Study Group Members Prashant Harne
Dr. Ishwar Patil Dr. Pradeep Mugale Asst. Production Officer
Dr. Pradnyankumar Bhojnkar Shri. Uday Mahindrakar
Shri. Prafullachandra Pawar Shri. Balkrishna Mapari
Shri. Sachin Batwal Shri. Devanand Bagul Paper
Shri. Swapnil Shinde Smt. Swati Powar 70 GSM Cream wove
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Print Order No.
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Vivek Uttam Gosavi, Controller
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Maharashtra State Textbook Bureau,
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The Constitution of India
Preamble
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having
solemnly resolved to constitute India into a
SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to
all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith
and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of
the individual and the unity and integrity of the
Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this
twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY
ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES
THIS CONSTITUTION.
NATIONAL ANTHEM
PREFACE
Dear Students,
Welcome to Standard XII, an important milestone in your life.
Standard XII or Higher Secondary School Certificate opens the doors of higher
education. Alternatively, you can pursue other career paths like joining the workforce.
Either way, you will find that mathematics education helps you considerably. Learning
mathematics enables you to think logically, constistently, and rationally. The curriculum for
Standard XII Mathematics and Statistics for Science and Arts students has been designed
and developed keeping both of these possibilities in mind.
The curriculum of Mathematics and Statistics for Standard XII for Science and Arts
students is divided in two parts. Part I deals with topics like Mathematical Logic, Matrices,
Vectors and Introduction to three dimensional geometry. Part II deals with Differentiation,
Integration and their applications, Introduction to random variables and statistical methods.
The new text books have three types of exercises for focused and comprehensive
practice. First, there are exercises on every important topic. Second, there are comprehensive
exercises at the end of all chapters. Third, every chapter includes activities that students
must attempt after discussion with classmates and teachers. Additional information has
been provided on the E-balbharati website ([Link]).
We are living in the age of Internet. You can make use of modern technology with
the help of the Q.R. code given on the title page. The Q.R. code will take you to links
that provide additional useful information. Your learning will be fruitful if you balance
between reading the text books and solving exercises. Solving more problems will make
you more confident and efficient.
The text books are prepared by a subject committee and a study group. The books
(Paper I and Paper II) are reviewed by experienced teachers and eminent scholars. The
Bureau would like to thank all of them for their valuable contribution in the form of
creative writing, constructive and useful suggestions for making the text books valuable.
The Bureau hopes and wishes that the text books are very useful and well received by
students, teachers and parents.
Students, you are now ready to study. All the best wishes for a happy learning
experience and a well deserved success. Enjoy learning and be successful.
(Vivek Gosavi)
Pune
Director
Date : 21 February 2020 Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook
Bharatiya Saur : 2 Phalguna 1941 Production and Curriculum Research, Pune.
Mathematics and Statistics XII (Part II)
Arts and Science
Sr. No Area / Topic Sub Unit Competency Statement
The students will be able to
• state and use standard formulas of
derivative of standard functions
• use chain rule of derivatives
1. Differentiation Differentiation • find derivatives of the logarithm,
implicit, inverse and parametric
functions
• find second and higher order
derivatives.
• find equations of tangents and normal
to a curve
• determine nature of the function-
increasing or decreasing
Applications Applications of
2. • find approximate values of the
of Derivatives Derivatives
function
• examine function for maximum and
minimum values
• verify mean value theorems
• understand the relation between
derivative and integral
• use the method of substitution
Indefinite Indefinite
3. • solve integrals with the help of
Integration Integration
integration by parts
• solve the integrals by the method of
partial fractions
• understand integral as a limit of sum
Definite Definite • the properties of definite integral
4.
Integration Integration • state the properties of definite integral
and use them to solve problems
Application Application
of Definite of Definite • find the area under the curve, bounded
5.
Integration Integration by the curves using definite integrals.
• form a differential equation and find
its order and degree
• solve the first order and first degree
differential equation by various
Differential Differential
6. methods
Equation Equation
• apply the differential equations to
study the polpulation, growth and
decay in amount of substance and
physics.
• understand the random variable and its
types.
• find probability mass function and its
probability distribution.
Probability Probability
7. • find the expected value, variance and
Distribution Distribution
the standard deviation
• find the probability density function of
continuous random variable
• find distribution function of c.r.v.
• understand random experiment with
two or more outcomes.
• determine probability distribution of
Binomial Binomial random experiment with parameters n
8
Distribution Distribution and p.
• find mean, variance, expected value
and standard deviation for the
binomial distribution.
INDEX
Sr. No. Chapter Name Page No.
1 Differentiation 1-64
2 Applications of Derivatives 65-94
3 Indefinite Integration 95-150
4 Definite Integration 151-177
5 Application of Definite Integration 178-190
6 Differential Equations 191-218
7 Probability Distributions 219-244
8 Binomial Distribution 245-255
Answers 256-276