SAN ANTONIO NHS- Senior High School
Practical Research I
Module 3
Related Literature- is composed of discussions of facts and principles to which the present study is related.
These materials are usually printed and found in books, encyclopedias, professional journals, magazines,
newspapers, and other publications.
Related Studies are studies, inquiries or investigations already conducted to which the present proposed study
is related or has some bearing or similarity. They are unpublished materials such manuscripts, theses, and
dissertation.
Importance, Purposes, and Functions of Related Literature and Studies
A survey or review of literature and studies is very important because such literature and studies serve as the
foundation of the proposed study. This is because related literature and studies guide the research in pursuing
his research venture.
1. They help or guide the researcher in searching for or selecting a better research problem or topic. By
reviewing related materials, a replication of a similar problem may be found better than the problem
already chosen. Replication is the study of a research problem already conducted but in another place.
2. They help the investigator understand his topic for research better. Clarification
3. They ensure that there will be no duplication of other studies. There is duplication if an investigation
already made is conducted again in the same locale using practically the same respondents.
4. They help and guide the researcher in locating more sources of related information. This is because the
bibliography of study already conducted indicates references about similar studies.
5. They help and guide the researcher in making his research design especially in
a. The formulation of specific questions to be researched on;
b. The formulation of assumptions and hypotheses if there should any;
c. The formulation of conceptual framework;
d. The selection and application of the methods and research;
e. The selection and application of sampling techniques;
f. The selection and/or preparation and validation or research instruments for gathering data;
g. The selection and application of statistical procedures;
h. The analysis, organization, presentation, and interpretation of data;
i. The making of the summary of implications for the whole study; and
j. The formulation of the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
6. They help and guide the researcher in making comparison between his findings with the findings of
other researchers on similarities with the end in view of formulating generalizations principles which
add the contributions of the study to the world of knowledge.
Characteristics of Related literature and Studies
1. The surveyed materials must be recent as possible. This is important because of the rapid social,
economic, scientific, technological changes. Findings several years ago may be of little value today
because of the fats changing lifestyle of the people.
2. Materials reviewed must be objective and unbiased. Some materials are extremely or subtly one-sided,
either political or religious, etc. Comparison with these materials cannot be made logically and validly.
Distorted generalizations may result.
3. Materials surveyed must be relevant to the study. Only materials that may have some bearing or
similarity to the research problem at hand should be reviewed.
4. Surveyed materials must have been based upon genuinely original and true facts or data to make them
valid a more reliable. These are cases where fictitious data are supplied just to complete a research
report.
5. Reviewed materials must not be too few or too many. They must only be sufficient enough to give
insight into research problem or to indicate the nature of the present investigation.
Style or Approaches of RRL
Traditional- to do a review of related literature in a traditional way is to summarize and present forms
of knowledge on specific subject. Your aim here is to give an expanded or new understanding of an existing
work. Being necessarily descriptive, interpretative, evaluative and methodologically unclear and uncertain, a
traditional review is prone to subjectivity.
Types of Traditional Review
Conceptual Review-analysis of concept or ideas to give meaning to some national or world views
(Government).
Critical Review- focuses on theories or hypothesis and examines meaning and results of their application
to situation.
State-of-the-art Review- makes the research deal with the latest research studies on the subject
Expert Review- encourages a well-known expert to do the RRL because of the influence of the of a
certain ideology, paradigm or belief on him/her
Scoping Review- prepares a situation for future research work in the form of project making about
community development, government policy, and health services among others.
Systematic- methodological in nature. It involves sequential acts of a review related literature.
Sources of Related Literature and Studies
1. Books, encyclopedias almanacs, and other similar references.
2. Articles published in professional journals, magazines, periodicals, newspapers, and other publications.
3. Manuscripts, monographs, memoirs, speeches, letters, and diaries.
4. Unpublished theses and dissertations.
5. The constitution, laws and statutes of the land.
6. Bulletins, circulars, and orders emanating from the government offices and departments, especially from
the office of the President of the Philippines and the Department of Education.
7. Records of schools, public and private, especially reports of their activities.
8. Reports from seminars, educational or otherwise.
9. Official reports of all kinds, educational, social, economic, scientific, technological, political, etc. from
the government and other entities.
Where to locate the Sources of Related Literature and Studies
1. Libraries, either government, school, or private libraries.
2. The National Library
3. Department of Education’s Library and other agencies.
Characteristics of the Researcher
1. Intellectual Curiosity- undertakes deep thinking and inquiry of the things, problems, and situations
around him.
2. Prudence- is careful to conduct his research study, wisely, efficiently, and economically at the right time
and place.
3. Healthy Criticism- is always doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results
4. Intellectual Honesty- is honest to collect data in order to arrive at honest results.
5. Intellectual Creativity- enjoys inventing unique, novel and original researches. Hobby.