I.

Present perfect (Hiện tại hoàn thành)

1. Forms (Thể)
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành là sự kết hợp giữa have được chia ở hiện tại và động từ được chia ở quá khứ phân từ (past participle - pp)
: HAVE/HAS + V3/ed.
Affirmativ (+
S + have/has + V3/ed ... .
e )
Negative (–) S + have/has + not + V3/ed ... .
(+
Question Have/ Has + S + V3/ed ... ?
)
Note:
1. have not = haven’t; has not = hasn’t
2. Have/Has + S + Yes, S + have/has.
S trong câu trả lời Yes/No phải là đại từ nhân xưng
V3/ed ... ?
(I/we/you/they/he/she/it)
No, S + haven’t/hasn’t
2. Usages (Cách sử dụng)
Present perfect (have/has + V3/ed) Past simple (V2/ed)
DIỄN TẢ HÀNH ĐỘNG ĐÃ XẢY RA
-Hành động vừa mới xảy ra trong hiện tại. -Hành động xảy ra qua 1 khoảng thời gian.
E.g.: We have seen Jean this morning. E.g.: We saw Jean this morning.
(buổi sáng chưa trôi qua hết) (sáng nay đã trôi qua)
-Hành động không có thời gian cụ thể. -Hành động có thời gian cụ thể.
E.g.: I have already bought this CD. E.g.: I bought this CD last weekend.
(không nhớ/ không muốn đề cập đến thời gian) (có thời gian cụ thể là last weekend)
-Hành động còn để lại kết quả trong hiện tại.
-Hành động xảy ra và kết thúc hoàn toàn.
E.g.: He can’t play basketball because he has broken his leg.
E.g.: He broke his leg three years ago.
(Hành động gãy chân để lại hậu quả ở hiện tại là không thể chơi
(Hành động gãy chân đã chấm dứt và giờ không còn nữa)
quần vợt)

3. Signal words (Dấu hiệu nhận biết)

-for, since -It’s/ This is/ That is + the first/second/third/…/ last + time
-already, just, yet, recently, ever, … -It/ This/ That/ Noun + is/are + so sánh nhất
-so far, until now, up to now, … -in the last/past + khoảng thời gian

 for/since
-for + khoảng thời gian (có a/an/s)
E.g.: for two months, for a week, for a long time, for ages, …
-since + mốc thời gian (thời điểm), since + V2/ed (gặp since, HTHT đi trước, ed tiếp bước theo sau)
E.g.: since 2002, since Monday, since yesterday, since I was eighteen, ....
 just/already/yet/ever/never...before
-just (vừa mới) đứng giữa have/has và p.p, dùng trong câu khẳng định
E.g.: I have just finished the meeting,
-already (đã…rồi) có thể đứng cuối câu hoặc đứng giữa have/has và p.p, được dùng trong câu khẳng định
E.g.: I’ve eaten already, She’s already done it, ...
-yet (chưa) đứng ở cuối câu, được dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn
E.g.: Have you seen “Love story” yet?, I haven’t finished yet, ...
-ever, ever ...before (đã...từng) đứng giữa have/has và p.p, dùng trong câu nghi vấn
E.g.: Have you ever been to Hue (before)?
-never...before (chưa bao giờ trước đây) dùng trong câu khẳng định
E.g.: I have never been to Hue before.

NOTE:
1. Dấu hiệu nhận biết của thì hiện tại hoàn thành
just/ recently (vừa mới)
GIỮA HAVE/HAS already (đã … rồi)
VÀ V3/ED ever - ever … before (đã từng)
never - never … before (chưa từng)
for + khoảng thời gian (có a/an/s)
TRƯỚC THỜI GIAN since + mốc thời gian quá khứ (thời điểm/ hành động trong quá khứ: gặp since THTHT đi
trước, ed tiếp bước theo sau)

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 yet (chưa)
CUỐI CÂU so far (cho đến nay)
before – ever/never … before (trước đây)

2. Chuyển từ hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn và ngược lại
This is the first time I have seen him. (Đây là lần đầu tiên tôi thấy anh ấy.)
This/It is the first time + S + have/has + V3/ed … .
S + have/has + never + V3/ed … before.

1. I started learning English three years ago. (Tôi đã bắt đầu học tiếng Anh cách đây 3 năm.)
S + started/began + Ving … + thời gian trong quá khứ.
S + have/has + V3/ed + … + for/since + thời gian.

2. When did you start learning English? (Bạn đã bắt đầu học tiếng Anh từ khi nào?)
When + did + S + start/begin + Ving … ?
How long + have/has + S + V3/ed …?

3-4-5. The last time I saw him was three years ago. (Lần cuối tôi gặp anh ấy là khi tôi 7 tuổi.)
The last time + S + V2/ed + was + thời gian trong quá khứ.

S + last + V2/ed + thời gian trong quá khứ.

It’s + thời gian + since + S + last + V2/ed.
S + have/has + not + V3/ed + since/for + thời gian.

NOTE:
- when + S + V2/ed  since + S + V2/ed
- at/on/in + thời gian  since + thời gian
- last + thời gian  since + last + thời gian
- yesterday  since yesterday
- thời gian + ago  for + thời gian

I. Fill in the gap (Điền vào chỗ trống)

a) since/for
1. We have been in Hong Kong ___________ a long time
2. My grandfather has left her for Thailand ___________ August.
3. We have worked for the container meeting Corporation ___________ 1996.
4. We have attended the important meeting ___________ this month.
5. Have they lived in New York City ___________ six years.
6. It’s ages ___________ we last met.
7. They have moved to the new apartment ___________ last summer.
8. Mary has been a new member of our group ___________ 1990.
9. Where have you been ___________ I came here?
10. The storm has happened ___________ two hours.
b) ever/never/already/since/for
1. I haven’t seen Keith ___________ Christmas.
2. She’s been in China ___________ a long time, but she’s ___________ visited the Great Wall.
3. He’s has worked for this company ___________ many years, ___________ 1976, I guess.
4. We’ve have been friends ___________ we were children, and I’ve ___________ liked anyone as much as I like him.
5. I have known him ___________ over ten years, but I’ve ___________ met his parents.
6. We haven’t had a barbeque ___________ last summer. Have you ___________ had a barbeque?
7. Have you ___________ been to Ha Long Bay? – No, I have ___________ been to there
8. I’ve known him ___________ ages, but I haven’t seen him ___________ I was at university.
9. My uncle has been at my house ___________ yesterday. Have you ___________ met him?
10. Sue has lived in London ___________ the last few years but she’s ___________ gone to Big Ben. Have you ___________ gone there?
II. Present perfect or past simple (Hiện tại hoàn thành hay quá khứ đơn)

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1. I (have) ___________ these shoes since my eighteenth birthday.
2. We (live) ___________ in Newcastle for three years now and like it a lot.
3. The last time I (go) ___________ to Brighton was in August.
4. When my parents were on holiday, I (stay) ___________ with my grandparents for two weeks.
5. I (not see) ___________ Rachel for ages. She (not visit) ___________ us since July.
6. Martin (be) ___________ to Greek five times. He loves the place.
7. I (work) ___________ for a computer company for a year. That was after college.
8. We (move) ___________ here in 1993. We (be) ___________ here for a long time now.
9. It isn’t very good party. Most people (already/go) ___________ home.
10. It was so hot today that I (wear) ___________ short and a T-shirt at work.
11. My wife and I (move) ___________ three times since we (get) ___________ married.
12. So far this week there (be) ___________ three burglaries in our street.
13. When I was younger I (play) ___________ badminton for my local team.
14. In the past few years, it (become) ___________ more and more difficult to get into university.
15. This book is so long that I (not finish) ___________ yet.
III. Rewrite the sentences, using the perfect tense (Viết lại câu, sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
a) This is the first time
1. This is the first time I have gone abroad.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. This is the first time she has used the computer.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. This is the first time Maryam has been to Hanoi.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. This is the first time we have travelled by plane.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. This is the first time I have watched this film.
_______________________________________________________________________________
b) I started + Ving
1. I started playing the guitar when I was ten.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. They started working in that factory five years ago.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. He started living in Hanoi when he was twelve.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. We started learning Chinese four years ago.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. They began building this house last year.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. My father began to give up smoking in 2009.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. She began driving 1 month ago.
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. They started playing tennis in 2003.
_______________________________________________________________________________
9. We began eating when it started to rain
_______________________________________________________________________________
10. I started writing books last summer.
_______________________________________________________________________________
c) When did you start + Ving … ?
1. When did he start working as a teacher?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. When did you start learning French?
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. When did you start playing the piano?
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. When did you begin teaching English?
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. When did they start knowing each other?
_______________________________________________________________________________
d) I last + V2/ed

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1. I last came here three years ago.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. She last watched this film in 1990.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. They last ate this food two days ago.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. He last visited Dong Nai in 2000.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. I last had my eyes tested when I graduated the university.
_______________________________________________________________________________
e) The last time + S + V2/ed + was
1. The last time we visited Kuala Lumpur was three years ago.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. The last time I went here was 2 days ago.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. The last time she stayed with her parents was last year.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. The last time he attended my class was in 1990.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. The last time I saw her was yesterday morning.
_______________________________________________________________________________
f) It’s + … + since + S + last + V2/ed
1. It’s Monday since I last saw him.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. It’s a long time since we last went to Paris.
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. It’s nearly two years since she last went out with him.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. It’s nearly 10 years since I last heard from her.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. It’s ages since I last enjoyed myself so much.
_______________________________________________________________________________
III. Rewrite the sentences with the words given (Viết lại câu với những từ cho sẵn)
1. Minh last wrote to his pen pal five months ago.
 Minh hasn’t ____________________________________________________________________
2. My sister has learnt Spanish for five years.
 My sister started _________________________________________________________________
3. I last had a haircut last month.
 I haven’t _______________________________________________________________________
4. We haven’t been to the concert for over a year.
 The last time ___________________________________________________________________
5. He hasn’t been back to his home town for 10 years.
 It is ___________________________________________________________________________
6. We last saw our grandparents two years ago.
 We haven’t _____________________________________________________________________
7. It’s a pity I can’t play the guitar well.
 I wish _________________________________________________________________________
8. I don’t normally have coffee for breakfast.
 I am not used ___________________________________________________________________
9. I’m sorry that I don’t know what to do about the problem.
 I wish _________________________________________________________________________
10. She’s sorry she can’t play the piano.
 She wishes _____________________________________________________________________
11. When I was a child, we lived in Bristol.
 We used _______________________________________________________________________
12. He would go hunting when he was in Africa.
 He used _______________________________________________________________________
13. My mother spent three hours making a dress.
 It took _________________________________________________________________________
14. It was breakfast time when Susan rang.

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 I was __________________________________________________________________________
15. My brother is too young to ride to school.
 My brother isn’t _________________________________________________________________