Kandahar University
Education Faculty
Computer Learning
Introduction to Backend
Development
Lecturer: Mohammad Nabi “Hotak”
Semester: 7th
Subject: Web Designing II
Introduction
Introduction
Backend development refers to the server-side of web or mobile
applications. It focuses on how the application works behind the
scenes -- handling data, logic, authentication, and
communication with databases or other services.
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INTRODUCTION
What Is Backend Development?
➔
While the frontend is what users see and interact with, the backend is the part that
users don’t see. It consists of:
– Servers
– Databases
– APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)
– Server-side applications/code
➔
The backend handles:
– Business logic
– Database operations
– Authentication and security
– Serving APIs and client requests
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INTRODUCTION
Components of Backend Development
Component Description
Server A system that listens to requests from clients and sends responses.
Database Stores, retrieves, updates, and deletes data. Common types: SQL
(PostgreSQL, MySQL), NoSQL (MongoDB).
Application The actual code that processes logic, written in backend languages.
API A set of endpoints for communication between frontend and backend.
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INTRODUCTION
Components of Backend Development
Language Popular Frameworks
JavaScript ([Link]) [Link], [Link]
Java Spring Boot
Python Django, Flask, FastAPI
PHP Laravel
Ruby Ruby on rails
Go Gin, Echo
C# [Link]
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INTRODUCTION
Common Databases
SQL Databases NoSQL Databses
PostgresSQL MongoDB
MySQL Redis
SQLite Cassandra
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INTRODUCTION
Backend Responsibilites
Authentication & Authorization
Database CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete)
API design and development
Performance optimization
Security (encryption, data validation, etc.)
Deployment and scalability
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INTRODUCTION
Backend Workflow (Simplified)
Frontend Request → Server (Backend) → Business Logic →
Database → Response Sent Back
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INTRODUCTION
Example: User Login Flow
[Link] submits login form (email & password).
[Link] sends data to /login endpoint.
[Link] receives the data, validates it.
[Link] queries the database for the user.
[Link] matched, generates a JWT token and sends it back.
[Link] uses the token for authenticated actions.
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INTRODUCTION
Where Is Backend Code Deployed?
[Link] platforms (AWS, Google Cloud, Azure)
[Link]-as-a-Service (Heroku, Vercel, Render)
[Link] servers or VPS (DigitalOcean, Linode, Hostinger)
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INTRODUCTION
Skills to Learn as a Backend Developer
✔ One backend language ([Link], Python, etc.)
✔ RESTful API & JSON
✔ Database fundamentals (SQL/NoSQL)
✔ Authentication (JWT, OAuth)
✔ Version control (Git)
✔ Security best practices
✔ Deployment & CI/CD basics
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IMPLEMENATION
THE END
QUESTION?
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