ESSAY - HOW TO WRITE

A. INTRODUÇÃO (início, começo)

We can start an essay by making a statement, a declaration, a description, a question, and in many other ways.
ways. What should be kept in mind is that an introduction serves to introduce the topic, define the topic, and attract the reader's attention.
for the topic that we are going to develop.
An introduction should not be too long so as not to discourage the reader. If the writing is to be thirty lines, it is advisable that the
students use four to six for the introductory part.

AVOID:

I. Start with a general idea, but that is not related to the second part of the essay.
II. Start with digressions (the beginning should be short).
III. Start with the same words as the title.
IV. Iniciar aproveitando o título, com se este fosse um elemento d primeira frase.
V. Start with clichés

Examples:
Since the beginnings of Antiquity...
It's not easy regarding...
Well, I think that...
One of the most discussed issues today...

B. DEVELOPMENT (medium, body)

The substantial and decisive part of an essay is its development. It is in this section that the student has the opportunity to express a
reasonable, logical content. If the development of the essay is its most important part, it should occupy the greatest number of lines.
Assuming a thirty-line essay, the essay should allocate fourteen (14) to eighteen (18) lines for the body or
development of it.

AVOID
I. Details, digressions, repetitions, excessive examples to the point that there is no space left for the conclusion.

C. CONCLUSÃO (fecho, final)

Just like the introduction, the conclusion should take up a small part of the text. If the essay is planned for thirty lines, the conclusion part of the
The conclusion should be four to six lines.
In conclusion, our ideas propose a solution. The writer's point of view, although it has appeared in other parts, acquires
major highlight in the conclusion.
If someone introduces a subject, develops it brilliantly, but does not provide a conclusion: the reader will feel lost, stunned.

AVOID
I. Not finishing (this is the main flaw)
II. To inform that you are about to conclude, using expressions like 'In summary' or 'In conclusion'

PARAGRAPH AND TOPIC SENTENCE

We know that producing a text requires us to use the standard variety of the language in a coherent and cohesive manner, right? And that
it needs to contain the following aspects: the pragmatic, the semantic-conceptual, and the formal. As well as that there is no discourse
totally neutral, because it is always the result of other dialogues, readings. In other words, there is a 'conversation' between the texts that we call
of intertextuality, polyphony that we use from various sources such as in explicit citations, paraphrases, among others.

Meanwhile, for this "great" text to be comprehensible and have the characteristics mentioned earlier, we need to use
adequately the paragraph. After all, it is through it that we are establishing the production. And, just like the text in its entirety, the
The paragraph needs to have elements that we will see next.
Don't forget that practicing is always the best way to learn.
PARAGRAPH:
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A paragraph is a logical sequence of sentences related to a specific topic. There are three types of paragraphs:
Paragraph - made for synthesized information and an audience with little cultural background;
Medium paragraph - intended for a middle school reader, constructed with about 100 or 150 words;
Long paragraph - Present in scientific and academic works, intended for complex explanations and ideas.

Parts of the paragraph

1. Introduction: usually contains the topic sentence, which generally and concisely expresses the main idea of the paragraph.
2. Development: it is the set of reflections that clarify the central idea, discussing it in detail.
3. Conclusion: it is the final statement that synthesizes the content of the paragraph and, if applicable, establishes the 'hook' with the idea.
which will be developed in the following paragraph.

PHRASAL TOPIC

The central idea/synthesis of the paragraph is stated through the sentence called the topic sentence. It is also known as a phrase-
synthesis or topic sentence.
A topic sentence will only be understood if it is clear and unambiguous. The important thing in this sentence is that the reader understands the idea.
central, the purpose of what will be addressed in the paragraph.

Example:

Inadequate: Studying is essential.

Adequate: Studying is fundamental for mastering your language with its particularities, making it simpler and more accessible.
to the speakers.

How to check if your paragraph is well written:

In each paragraph, does the topic sentence present the main idea?
Did you use examples and details to describe it?
Did you use sentences to present your opinion or judgment?
Are the sentences in the text relevant only to the topic to be explained?
Is there an explicit conclusion?

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ESSAY
The development is the writing itself. In the development, thestudentshould discuss the arguments presented in
Introduction. In each paragraph, one writes about one, and only one, argument.
The argumentative paragraphs of the essay, in addition to what we studied along with the introduction, can be made in several ways
different ways:

Hypothesis:
Presenting a hypothesis in development is the attempt to seek solutions, pointing to likely outcomes. In the hypothesis, the student
show to beinterestedfor the subject and willing to find solutions to improve the situation. With the hypothesis, practically, not
there is a risk of merely exposing the subject.

Parallelism:
Working with parallelism in development is presenting the same subject from different angles, it is presenting
correspondence between different ideas or opinions regarding the same argument. For example, when it comes tocomputer science,
discussing the job market, not just arguing that the machine has taken the place of man, but also
presenting the increase in employment in the area, the available technical resources, the convenience, etc...

Bilateralism:

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Workwith bilateralism is to present positive aspects and negative aspects, favorable points and unfavorable points of
argument. It is to work with the 'pros and cons', without giving emphasis to just one of them.
{"favorable_aspects":"Working with just two paragraphs in development allows for a clear and concise presentation of ideas, which makes it easier for readers to grasp the main points quickly. It also encourages writers to focus on the most important aspects of their argument, leading to more efficient communication.","unfavorable_aspects":"However, restricting the work to only two paragraphs may oversimplify complex issues, limiting the depth of analysis and discussion. This format could also lead to important details being overlooked, potentially resulting in a lack of comprehensive understanding of the subject matter."}

Opposition of ideas:
Working with opposing ideas is to explore with the same critical interest two poles that sustain the discussion. For example, in
when it comes to early childhood education, exploring male education and female education with the same interest, showing the
existing differences.

Causes and consequences:

Working with causes and consequences is to present, in one paragraph, the aspects that led to the discussed problem and, in another
paragraph, its consequences.

06) Exemplification:
Seja qual for a introdução, a exemplificação é a maneira mais fácil de desenvolver a dissertação.
Concrete examples that are important for society must be presented. Argue about historical figures,
artistic, political, about important historical, cultural, and social facts.

Model phrases for development:

I present here some phrases that can help to start the development. Do not take these phrases as an infallible recipe.
Before using them, carefully analyze the theme, tirelessly plan the development, use your intelligence, to be sure of what
it will be even in your dissertation. Only after that, use these phrases:

Phrases for paragraphs causes and consequences:

When examining some ..., it is observed that ... . It can be mentioned, for example, ...
As a result, one sees, at all times, ...

Phrases for pro and con paragraphs:

Some argue that .... . In addition ... . Not to mention that ....
Others, however, ..... . There are historical records of ....... that .......

Phrases for paragraphs historical trajectory:

In the past, when ..., it was noticed that ...
Currently, it is observed that ...
As a result, it is noted ...

Other sentences:
Among the numerous reasons that led to the ...... it is undeniable that .....
The critical observation of historical facts reveals why ......
Conducting a study on ......., it is noticeable, through ......, ....

Connection between the development paragraphs:

It is very important that the development paragraphs are connected, so that they do not turn the essay into a
sequence of disconnected paragraphs. Below follows a series of sentences for linking the paragraphs.
Furthermore ...
Another existing factor ...
Another constant concern ...
It is still worth remembering ...
On the other hand ...
However, but, nonetheless, still, on the other hand, meanwhile ..

IMPORTANT:

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 Never start an essay with long sentences. Just create a main sentence that will be your general idea to be
developed in the paragraphs that follow;
Never use an expression you don't know, as spelling and accentuation errors are what most deduct points in a
essay;
Never place a hyphen where it is not necessary, such as in penta-champion, or incorrectly separating syllables like ca-rro.
(this only happens in Spanish and we are writing in Portuguese);
Never use slang in the essay because the dissertation is the rational explanation of what will be developed and slang can cut.
totally the sequence of what will be developed in addition to offending the standard of the Portuguese Language;
Never forget the dots on the 'i's because a little dot is not worth it.
Never place commas where they are not necessary (there are so many punctuation errors!)
Never submit an essay without checking the syllabic division of the words;
Never start writing without structuring what you are going to put on paper;
Stay calm when writing and always return to the main sentence to guide your arguments;
Always check the AESTHETICS: Paragraph, accentuation, vocabulary, syllable separation, and mainly the PUNCTUATION that
It is the greatest difficulty for those who write and most people think it's so easy to punctuate!
Respect the margins of the paper and always try to write in a consistent handwriting without reducing the size of the letters at the end of the essay.
gain more space or expand to fill space;
The text must be visible and understandable for those who read it;
Always prepare a logical scheme based on the intrinsic and extrinsic structure;
Do not start or end an essay with expressions like: "... I think... It seems to be... I really believe... Who knows..."
shows doubts in your previous arguments;
Beware of 'creative superlatives' like: '... the same... justly.' And of 'uncultured neologisms' like:
...unremovable... unconstitutional...