Technical High School Laâyoune Common technical core

Internal functional analysis

Internal organization of the product

INTRODUCTION
Having defined the entire set of service functions specific to a given product when
From the phase: Feasibility study, we will have answered the question: 'Why this product'
does it exist?" The next step is to define the "how?", it consists of
to define the technical functions that are those that the product must ensure so that the
service functions can be fulfilled, these are therefore the internal functions of the product
and that result from a determined design. These technical functions are developed by
refinement then materialized by the association of components or constituents. This
materialization constitutes what will be called later: the technical solutions of
realization, referred to as constructive solutions because they lead to the
construction of the system.
It should be noted that technical functions address a need related to the
conception or to the construction that the user did not necessarily request, these are in
effect of service function supports without which they could not be
made.

To summarize, we can say that:

The study of service functions corresponds to an external functional analysis.
product.
The study of technical functions and the search for solutions corresponds to an analysis.
functional internal product.
All products (having a technical aspect) are made up of components (parts
mechanics, electrical components ...), these sets of parts perform functions
techniques allowing to satisfy service functions.

Note:
Note the difference between FS and FT:

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Service function: Expected action by a product (or carried out by it to respond

at the request of a given user).
Technical function: Internal action of the product, chosen by the designer/producer,
as part of a solution, to ensure service functions.

To obtain the technical functions, performing the service functions, we use

a top-down analysis. The top-down functional analysis is an approach that
uses tools or graphical representations. It starts from the overall function and
dissects a system to extract the different elementary functions. It starts from there
from the general to the particular.
The tools of functional analysis most commonly used for the
refinement of the analysis are the FAST and the SADT.

1 - FAST Diagram (Function Analysis System Technique):

This tool allows, starting from a service function, through questioning, to lead to
technical functions and associated constructive solutions. Each function
positioned in relation to those that are adjacent to it through questioning
following:

The answer to the 3rd question (when) is often omitted.

Two particular arrangements can be found in the FAST diagram:
the AND arrangement (indicating the functions performed simultaneously) and the OR arrangement
(indicating possible alternative functions)

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Here is, for example, the partial FAST of a vacuum cleaner:

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2 - SADT Method (Structured Analysis for Design and Technic)

It follows the previous principle but uses rules and a more formal structure.
complex. This type of analysis, functional decomposition allows to model and
graphically describe technical systems. This is done through successive analyses.
descendants, that is to say going from the most general to the most detailed according to the
needs.

In another way, we can say that the understanding of systems and objects
techniques require study:
From the action they exert on their environments;
Of their functional and structural organizations;
To facilitate the study, it is possible:
To model the system;
To associate a graphic formalism with this modeling.
So the SADT method (from English Structured Analysis for Design and Technic) is
a structured technique for analyzing and modeling systems that results in
a graphical design tool for representation whose model consists of
diagramme d’Activités ou Actigrammes représentant l’ensemble des activités du système.

4.1 - Activity Diagram (Actigram)

General model of Actigram:

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The following elements are found in this diagram:

Isolation boundary: it allows to distinguish the system from the environment.
surrounding exterior.
- Global function: it is the purpose of the system and is defined by a verb
the infinitive.
Input data: it is actually the raw material on which the
system. There are 3 types of inputs: product, energy, or information.
Output data: we mainly find the raw material
provided with added value. We also have reports (feedback
information), energy losses and waste.
Control or command constraints (instructions / information):
These are the parameters that trigger or modify the execution of a function.
We thus find:
-C : configuration parameters.
-R : adjustment parameters.
-E: operating data, operating instructions.
-W : energy control data.
- Processors or mechanisms (Supports for the activity): these are the
physical or technological elements that perform the function or support it
the activity.

Example: The actigram specific to a car wash station.

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2.1 The SADT model (top-down approach - analysis

descendant)

Recall that the SADTest tool is a representation tool that allows for the decomposition of a
functional system, in successive levels. The links between functions being
expressed according to a precise formalism: the 'MECS' codes:
M: resources (material, software, personnel);
E: inputs (materials, energies, information);
C: control data (information about the system status, decisions
of the operator, configuration parameters, adjustment and
of exploitation,...
outputs (materials, energies, information...).

Note:
For the same system, several SADT representations can be developed according to
different viewpoints: that of the designer, the user, the agent of
maintenance,…
- more complete than a FAST representation, a SADTrenseigne representation
also on the Inputs/Outputs of the function, on the means and the data
necessary for its implementation.

This tool consists of a coherent set of diagrams:

The highest level diagram (A-0) represents the overall function.
of the system. It is divided into subsystems A1 and A2 and A3...
A1 is decomposed into A11 and A12 and A13 ... and so on.
Chaque diagramme de niveau inférieur définit les fonctions techniques
as well as their relationships and their arrangements within the system.

Each diagram fits exactly into the upper-level diagram by

preserving the relationships of each component with its environment.

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A-0 Instructions
Energy Information

FUNCTION
Material of work Material of work
in the initial state GLOBAL in the final state

System ensuring the overall function

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energy instructions Information

of control

M.O. Function
M.O.
initial global finale
A-0
Global level A-0 system

Function1
A1

Function 2
A2

Function 3
A3

Function 4
A4

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Example: The A-0 Actigram of 'a vacuum cleaner'

A-0
Engine temperature threshold

Electric energy Bag filling level

Remove the
Dust on Objects without
dust
objects of objects dust
domestics

Household vacuum cleaner

Example: The partial SADT diagram of 'a vacuum cleaner':

energy Information
instructions
of control
Information
Dust full bag
Dusting
on objects of objects Objects without
domestics A-0 dust

Vacuum cleaner
Global Level A-0

Air at pressure
Full bag
atmospheric Create a
local aspiration
A1

Dust on objects Unit Separate

Engine/turbine the dust Dust
e A2
in the bag
A0
filter
A0

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Information
energy
settings of control
Information
Dust full bag
on objects Separate Objects without
the dust A2 dust

Actigram A2: Separate the dust filter

Air flow and

dust

Filter the air

A21
Evacuate the air
filter filtered
A22

orifice Stocker
the dusts
A23 Dust
in the bag
sack

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