Parental Drug Administration Techniques
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ScribdTranslationsParental Drug Administration Techniques
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ScribdTranslationsPARENTAL ROUTE
It is one of the forms of management.
drugs crossing one or more layers of the skin or membranes,
so that the mx passes into the bloodstream directly or through
of the tissues, it is widely used by nursing professionals.
The use of devices and needles of different types must be implemented.
longitudes and calibers depending on the management area
Characteristics and classification
• This pathway has a very regular absorption, as it prevents pre-systemic losses of
drug, it avoids the effect of the 3rd step and does not pass through many organs.
• It is divided into:
• Indirectly: here the absorption does not occur directly into the blood, the drug
It takes time to achieve blood circulation, the pathways are found.
intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular.
• Direct: it is the administration that is done directly in the bloodstream.
Sanguineous, the intravenous or endovenous route is found.
• In general, for each route, syringes, needles, antiseptic, gauze, or cotton will be used.
and gloves, for the intravenous route the infusion equipment, tourniquet and will be added
the fastening systems, all of these must be disposable.
Intradermal route
It consists of the administration of medications.
in the dermis, which is the 2nd layer of the skin, the
absorption is slow, it is used for tests of
sensitivity and a single vaccine that is the
tuberculosis, less than 1 can be administered
ml of the mx and its puncture angle of 10 - 15°
INTRADERMAL ROUTE EQUIPMENT
• 1 or 2ml syringe
• a gauge needle number 25 or 26 with a medium bevel, it is
orange.
• cotton or gauze
• Disposable gloves
• 70º alcohol or saline solution.
PRECAUTIONS
For this route, it is advisable to explain the
procedure to the patient or their family, do not do
pressure on the puncture site or massage,
explain to the patient the reaction that may occur
pass and even in sensitivity tests.
PROCEDURE
• Disinfect the area, take the syringe with the bevel.
from the needle upwards, at an angle of 10-15
degrees, inject the substance slowly, there it
it will form a button or a bulb, it should not
perform massage and the area should be marked where
the puncture was made.
SUBCUTANEOUSLY
• It consists of the introduction of mx into the subcutaneous tissue, it is the
the outermost layer of the skin and the deepest is the fatty tissue.
it is used when the mx needs to be absorbed slowly,
it can lead to pain because in that tissue there is
pain receptors.
• It is used for the administration of vaccines, anticoagulants and
insulins, doses of up to 3 ml can be administered and their
the angle is 45°
THE TEAMS OF THE TRACK
Subcutaneous
• 24 or 25G needle, syringes depend on the
amount of mx to manage, pre-filled syringes (are
those that already have the mx inside them), cottons,
disposable gloves, antiseptic, tray.
This route is contraindicated in patients with
coagulopathies and infections at the puncture site and
edemas.
PUNCTURE SITES
• Infraclavicular zone: it is located below the
clavicle.
• Deltoid: it is located in a muscle of the arm.
• Lower quadrant of the abdomen: what is around it
navel
• And the front part of the thigh
PROCEDURE
• Desinfectar el área, hacer un pliegue de
the skin of 2cm with 2 or 3 fingers,
introduce the water at a 45-degree angle
degrees and manage the mx.
VIA INTRAMUSCULAR
• It consists of the introduction of mx into the muscle tissue, it is
used in those cases where it is necessary to manage
with greater speed the mx but that cannot be managed
through venous route, absorption depends on the irrigation
blood and muscle mass.
• It is used in vaccines and injectable medications as analgesics, NSAIDs.
and some antibiotics.
• It has a 90-degree angle.
INTRAMUSCULAR EQUIPMENT
• The tray is the one that carries cotton and for
discard them, sterile syringe that depends on the
amount of mx to manage either of 3, 5,
10 ml or even more, IM needle depends on the
muscle mass in adults generally
it is caliber 21 and in children caliber 23,
drug either in solution or powder
reconstitutable, cotton swabs, gloves.
PUNCTURE SITES
• Dorsogluteal: It is in the gluteus, which is divided into 4 quadrants.
imaginaries and in the upper external quadrant it should be applied, it should
be careful as the sciatic nerve passes through the center of the gluteus.
• External vastus: it is in the thigh, divided into 3 quadrants and in the area
from the middle and laterally, that is, from the side, the mx is applied.
• Deltoid: it is a muscle of the arm, it is applied 4 fingers below the
shoulder.
The condition of the site where the mx will be applied must be assessed, that the
the quadrant is appropriate, perform a good cleaning, introduce the
needle at a 90-degree angle, aspirate to see if blood comes out, in
In this case, it is necessary to withdraw the needle slightly or change the site.
INTRAVENOUSLY
• It consists of the administration of mx directly into the bloodstream.
in a vein, it can be:
• continues: what is the management of the mx in a specific time.
• Discontinuous or intermittent: it is done with a perfusion machine and is
they administer large volumes of solution.
• The mx is administered with a syringe and immediately.
• This route is used for emergency medication, to administer fluids or mx
they are diluted.
INTRAVENOUS EQUIPMENT
• Drug, syringe (for drug and for introducing it into the
solution), needle (to load the drug and introduce it to
serum), antiseptic, gauze or cotton, gloves, system
of fixing (depends on each institution it may be with
micropore), container with the solution to be perfused (it is the
liquid bag or plastic cylinder where it is found
the solution) venipuncture needle, either a catheter or
of the moth type, turnstile.
• Container with the solution to perfuse: can hold 100, 250, 500, or 1,000 ml of
solution, it contains a cork of acucho, it is hung upside down on the serum foot, which is the
what the lectern contains.
• Catheter: Contains a protective sheath, has a flexible tube and a needle that helps to
puncture the vein and insert the tube. (rear chamber, allows seeing the blood and thus knowing if yes
we punctured a vein).
• Perfusion system: it is the device that connects to the bottle or solution liquids and with
the catheter. It has:
• Punch: helps to pierce the rubber stopper of the liquid, has a protective cap.
• Air intake with filter: allows air to enter the drip chamber, but prevents the entry
of germs.
• Drip chamber: a container in which the solution drips down drop by drop, allows you to see the
number of drops that fall per 1 minute.
• Extension: flexible tube that runs from the drip chamber to the device connection.
• Injection point: allows the administration of mx without having to disconnect the entire system.
• Others
• Tourniquet: stops the blood flow from the arm and makes the veins stand out.
• Parts of a syringe
• Piston: part of the syringe that is inserted inside the tube and
which allows to empty or fill it.
• Support of the piston: this is where we apply pressure with the
fingers or hand on the plunger and that allows to insert a
liquid in the syringe sucking or emptying it.
• Rubber piston: rubber found at the end of the piston.
allows to fit or seal correctly to the tube so that the
liquid should not come out when pressed.
• Tube: it is where the liquid that is extracted or is stored.
introduce into a body. They contain their units.
• Pivot: lower part of the tube and it is where the needle connects with
the tube.
• Needle: it is the metal and sharp part. Its end is called
The bevel usually has a diagonal cut that facilitates puncturing.
• The needle gauge or thickness depends on which one is smaller.
the thicker the number is and the larger the number is
less thickness it has, for example, gauge 20 is thicker than the
caliber 24, the same applies to catheters.
• In addition, the base of the needle has different colors that also
Visually, the caliber is recognized, for example, one sees a needle.
green and knows that it is caliber 21 or a pink catheter and knows that it is 20