Acknowledgments

Before any development on this professional experience, it appears

I would like to begin this internship report with thanks to the office.
technical studies: TRIANGLE INGENIERIE SARL for accepting our
internship request despite the critical health situation due to the pandemic
Covid 19.
We were able to finalize and understand our project well thanks to our supervisor.
Mr. Abdelouahid EL ATMIOUI, State Engineer Civil Engineering, Head of
structural studies, to which we extend our sincerest thanks
for having sacrificed a lot of time to make this internship very beneficial.
Also, a big thank you to our teachers and the entire educational team of the School
Hassania of Public Works for their efforts during the past year have been
necessary for understanding the behavior of the structure and for reinforcing it
its different elements.
 Summary

Introduction 1

I. General presentation 2
1. Host organization: TRIANGLE ENGINEERING LLC 2
2. Project: Structural analysis of a 4-story hotel in Terfaya 3
2.1. General description 3
2.2. Technical Description 7

II. Structural analysis of the R+4 building 8

1. Design study 8
2. Calculation assumptions 10
2.1. Geotechnical data 10
2.2. Characteristics of materials 10
2.3. Applicable Regulations 13
3. Pre-dimensioning of structural elements 14
3.1. Pre-sizing of slabs 14
3.1.1. Determination of the thickness of hollow-core slabs 14
3.1.2. Determination of the thickness of the solid slab 14
3.2. Preliminary sizing of beams 15
3.2.1. Main beams 15
3.2.2. Secondary Beams 16
 3.3. Preliminary sizing of the columns 16
4. Sizing of structural elements 17
4.1. Study of beams 19
4.1.1. Calculation Assumptions 20
4.1.2. Assessment of charges 20
4.1.3. Calculation of moments 21
4.1.4. Reinforcement of the continuous beam of axis B 27
4.1.5. Verification by the RSA software 29
4.2. Study of poles 32
4.2.1. Study of the square post A1 32
4.2.2. Study of the square post B3 37
4.2.3. Study of the circular pole C4 41
4.3. Study of insoles 45
4.3.1. Study of the footing under column A1 45
4.3.2. Study of the footing under column B3 49
4.3.3. Study of the footing under column C4 51

III. Study of non-structural elements 55

Study of balconies 55
1.1. The dimensions of the balcony 55
1.2. Evaluation of charges 56
1.3. Reinforcement of the balcony 56
 2. Study of stairs 58
2.1. Definition and terminology 58
2.2. The dimensions of the stairs 59
2.3. Evaluation of charges 60
2.4. Reinforcement of stairs 61
3. Study of the elevator 63
3.1. Definition and terminology 63
3.2. Study of the slab supporting the elevator 64
3.2.1. Thickness of the slab 64
3.2.2. Assessment of Charges 65
3.2.3. Punching Verification 66
3.2.4. Calculation of demands 67
3.2.5. Reinforcement of the slab 72

IV. Study of sanitary plumbing of the building 73

1. Study of the drinking water supply network 73
1.1. Calculation of probable flows 73
1.2. Calcul des diamètres des canalisations d’alimentation 75
2. Study of the internal evacuation system 76
2.1. Definition and terminology 76
2.2. Calculation of wastewater and stormwater drainage installations 77
3. Summary of results 81
3.1. Diameters of the supplies in the various floors 81
 3.2. Diameters of the falls 81
3.3. Diameters of the collectors 81

V. Modeling the structure with CypeCAD software

1. Extracts from the BA plan made by CypeCAD 82
1.1. Reinforcement of beams 82
1.2. Reinforcement of the columns 85
1.3. Reinforcement of footings 88
2. Excerpts from the summaries obtained by CypeCAD 90

VI. Comparative table of rebar results of 91

structural elements (beam, columns, and footings)

Conclusion 92

References 93
 Introduction

As part of an engineer's curriculum, and to complement and strengthen the

training, the engineering internship is an opportunity to deepen one's understanding in the
construction industry and make a projection of all the knowledge acquired
throughout the two years of study, a projection on a real project that requires
a particular reflection and a connection between several disciplines in order to
conduct a complete, detailed, and relevant study of the project.
Being second-year engineering students in civil engineering at Hassania School of...
Public Works, we have chosen to work together as a team to carry out
our engineering internship lasting two months within a design office
techniques. We chose to conduct a comprehensive study of a building project.
to assimilate well and have a comprehensive view of the fundamental steps to follow
to establish a structural analysis of the building and develop the concrete plan towards the end
full and detailed arm. Consequently, we are obliged to
présenter un rapport technique de fin de stage dans lequel nous exposons tous les
acquis and the knowledge that we have learned during this period.

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 I. General presentation

1. Host organization: TRIANGLE ENGINEERING

TRIANGLE INGENIERIE is a multidisciplinary technical study office.
is made up of a permanent team of engineers and technicians covering
various specialties. The academic and practical expertise of the highly skilled staff
qualified is complemented by state-of-the-art software and computer equipment.

Official name TRIANGLE ENGINEERING

Complete address of the head office 57, Rue Al Quadissia, 1er Etage N° 2 Al
Majd - Tangier-Medina
Year of creation 2017
Legal regime Limited Liability Company
Activity Technical studies, engineering, expertise,
and advice.

The areas addressed are the following:

. Studies and calculations of reinforced concrete structures and metal framing.
. Sanitation Studies / V.R.D.
. Electrical studies: high current / low current.
. Fluid studies: plumbing / heating / air conditioning / industrial refrigeration.
. Gas distribution studies (medical, fuels, compressed air,
etc.…)
. Studies of finishing lots.
. Preparation of measurements for all trades.
. Establishment of consultation files for companies (DCE).
. Monitoring and quality control of the work.
. Financial management of projects.
. Scheduling, Management, and Coordination of Work (OPC).

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 Figure 1 - Organizational chart of the TRIANGLE ENGINEERING study office.

2. Project: Structural analysis of a R+4 hotel at

Terfaya
2.1. General description
The project aims to carry out a comprehensive structural analysis of a building.
of a 4-storey hotel located in the city of Terfaya.

The structural analysis of the building involves making a design and a pre-
sizing of structural elements in order to subsequently establish the concrete calculation
the reinforcement of all the elements making up our structure while
applying the BAEL regulation and respecting construction rules
seismic

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 Figure 2.a – Main facade of the hotel R+4.

Figure 2.b - Left side façade of the hotel R+4.

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 Figure 2.c – Side facade of the hotel R+4.

Figure 2.d – Current floor plan of the R+4 hotel.

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 Figure 2.e – Pavement structure plan of the hotel R+4.

Figure 2.f – Plan of the terrace of the hotel R+4.

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2.2. Technical description
2.2.1. Geometric characteristics
The geometric characteristics of our building are as follows:

Total length of the building 20.1m

Total width of the building 19m

Total height of the building 16.7m

Ground floor height 4m

Current floor height: 1/2/3 2.8m

Height 4emefloor 2.6m

2.2.2. Structural description of the work

Before designing the load-bearing elements of our building, it is necessary to
master and understand the details arising from architectural design and
mentioned in the architectural plans.
The building consists of a ground floor containing a reception hall, a
reception, a café restaurant, an office, etc..., of three common floors containing
essentially the hotel rooms, and a fourth floor containing a large
balcony terrace and a large usable area where there are rooms, one
lingerie and a technical room.
The floor essentially contains hollow core slabs for the entire
floors. Full slabs are also found on balconies and in the stairwell
of stairs.
For each floor, the stairwell consists of a landing (slab
full), and of two sides of the straight stairs (treads, steps, and against
There is also an elevator next to each staircase.

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 II. Structural analysis of the R+4 building

1. Design study
Based on the architectural plans of our building, the design is made.
in such a way as to respect the architectural and structural constraints while
respecting the continuity of the load-bearing elements, namely the columns, to ensure
thus a good load distribution and the rules of seismic design all
by trying to achieve the maximum possible asymmetry.
The result obtained after the design is the subdivision of the building into several
axes according to the two directions X and Y.

Figure 3.a–Formwork plan of the PH on the ground floor, 1erand 2thfloor.

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 Figure 3.b - Formwork plan of the PH of 3thfloor.

Figure 3.c–Shuttering plan of the PH of 4thfloor.

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2. Calculation assumptions

2.1. Geotechnical Data

The excavation base representing the foundation of any foundation, in other words, it is the
the lowest level where the excavation stops. In our project, the F.F level = 2m.
Given the results of the surveys, the laboratory has recommended some
shallow foundations:

Isolated soleplates connected by beams and possibly by ground beams.

The allowable constraint to consider for sizing the
foundations will be limited to 1.5 bars or 15 T/m².

2.2. Material Characteristics

The calculation of reinforced concrete structures is carried out based on assumptions from the studies.
that take into account in particular the characteristics: physical, chemical and
mechanics of materials (concrete, steel).

The characteristics of the materials concern:

The characteristic resistance to compression and tension.
Deformations (elongation and shortening).

2.2.1. The concrete

The concrete used for the construction of this structure is standard concrete mixed at
350kg/m3 of CPJ45 cement to achieve at the time of implementation a
suitable consistency and after hardening the required qualities.
The characteristic compressive strength of concrete:
In common cases, concrete is defined by the value of its strength.
characteristic to compression at the age of 28 days after its fabrication:

The characteristic tensile strength of concrete:

The characteristic tensile strength of concrete at 28 days denoted ft28 is
conventionally defined by the following relationship:

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Limit constraints:
Limit compression constraint:

Concrete works in compression, but we must limit its compression:

To the elected:

With:{

- At the ELS:

Shear strength limit constraint:

Harmful or very harmful fissuration:

Minor damage due to cracking:

Longitudinal deformation of concrete:

Instantaneous longitudinal deformation modulus:

()

Delayed longitudinal deformation module:

()

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The table below consolidates all the characteristics of the concrete used in
our project.

Calculation constraint:
Class of Fc28 Ft28 σb (MPa)
concrete (MPa) (MPa) ELU ELS

B25 25 2.1 14.2 15

2.2.2. Steel
The steels used for the reinforcement of the structural elements are of type:

High adhesive steels of grade FeE500.

Elastic limit:

Longitudinal elasticity module:

Limit constraints:
THE ELECTED:

With:

The ELS:

Little harmful fissuration:̅

Harmful fissuration:̅

Very harmful fissuration:̅

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The table below brings together all the characteristics of the steel used in
our project.

Nuance of steel Elastic limit Calculation constraint

(MPa) σa (MPa)
FeE500 500 434,78

2.3. Applicable Regulations

The following calculations are all based on the following regulations:

Revised 2011 seismic construction regulation RPS 2000

It is an official regulation that applies to new constructions and to
existing buildings undergoing significant modifications such as change
of use, transformation for public safety reasons or construction of a
addition. It is approved by decree No. 2-02-177 of 9 Hija 1422 (February 22, 2002), and
It was revised in 2011 to take into account scientific advancements in the field.
of seismic engineering. Its objective is to:
Define the seismic action on ordinary buildings during
earthquakes.
Present a collection of minimum design and calculation requirements as well
what constructive measures to adopt to allow buildings
ordinary structures to adequately resist seismic shocks.

Regulation BAEL 91 amended 99

For the sizing and calculation of reinforced concrete elements.

DTU Regulation 13.12

The rules for the calculation of shallow foundations.

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3. Pre-dimensioning of structural elements
3.1. Preliminary sizing of slabs
3.1.1. Determination of the thickness of hollow core slabs
The thickness of the hollow floor slab is determined based on the condition of the
next arrow :

With:

L: the maximum span between support points in the direction of the secondary beams

h : height of the floor

The span system of a hollow core slab is based on the short side, but in
for ease of execution, we adopt a system of the same scope for all
the hollow core slabs making up our floor.

In our case, we have L = 4.61m. So:

We therefore adopt a hollow core slab with a thickness of 20 cm.

Conclusion:

3.1.2. Determination of the thickness of the solid slab

The balcony is likened to a console embedded in the floor, made of solid slab of
length L.
The thickness of the balcony is given by:

In our case, we have L=2.20m. We therefore obtain a thickness of the solid slab of
balcony of equal value: e = 15 cm

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3.2. Pre-dimensioning of beams
The criteria for the pre-sizing of main and secondary beams are
following:

According to BAEL 91:

According to RPS 2000 RV 2011:

3.2.1. Main Beams

Beams axes A, B, C, D, E, and F: load-bearing beams supporting the floor, the
Ribs are resting on these beams.
The beams axes A, B, C, D, E, and F are stressed, their dimensions: height and
thicknesses are given in the table below.

Scope of the Calculated height Chosen height Thickness

beam h = l/12 (m) (cm) chosen (cm)
l (m)
3.4 0.28 30 20
4.72 0.39 40 20
3.5 0.29 30 20

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3.2.2. Secondary Beams
Beams Axes 1 and 6: edge beams supporting the facade walls, they are few
requested, their dimensions: height and thickness are given in the table below
below.

Scope of the Calculated height Chosen height Thickness

beam h = l / 16 (m) (cm) chosen (cm)
l (m)
2.63 0.16 30 20
4.61 0.29 30 20
3.3 0.21 30 20

Beams Axes 2, 3, 4 and 5: non-load-bearing beams, supporting the same loads

a vein, these are submerged bands whose height is merged with
the thickness of the hollow core slab.

Scope of the Chosen height Thickness

beam (cm) chosen (cm)
l (m)
2,63 20 20
4.61 20 20
3.3 20 20

3.3. Preliminary sizing of the columns

The dimensions of the cross-section of the column, a and b being respectively the
length and width must meet the following conditions:

According to the BAEL:

√
{

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 According to RPS 2000 RV2011:

With: a : the length of the section.

b: the width of the section.
Lfb and Lfa are the buckling lengths (lf=0.7×l).
l : ceiling height.

4. Sizing of structural elements

Assessment of charges
We are taking inventory of the loads demanding the floors of our building.

Top floor of the 4ththfloor

The upper floor of 4emethe floor is subjected to permanent loads in addition

due to an overload caused by the inaccessible terrace.

Element requesting Surface charge

(Kg/m²)
From hollow bodies 16+4 265
Sealing 20
Slope form 220
Charges Waterproof complex 15
permanents Isolation
Sealing protection 120
Ceiling coating 30
False Ceiling 60
Charges Terrace inaccessible 100
exploitation

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 Top floor of the 3rd floor

The upper floor of the 3ththe floor supports permanent loads including: the slab,
the partitions, the ceiling coating, and the floor covering, in addition to an overload
due to the accessible terrace.

Element requesting Surface charge

(Kg/m²)
From hollow bodies 16+4 265
Light partitions 75
Charges Coating 140
permanent Ceiling coating 30
False Ceiling 60
Stairs and circulation 250
Charges housing accommodation
exploitation
Accessible terrace 150

Upper floor, ground floor, 1st and 2nd floor

The upper floor of the ground floor, 1erand 2ème floor

supports the permanent loads at
knowledge: the slab, the partitions, the ceiling plaster and the floor covering and the
operating charges that take into account the nature of the building's use.

Requesting element Surface charge

(Kg/m²)
From the hollow body 16+4 265
Partition 75
Charges Coating 140
permanents Ceiling coating 30
False ceiling 60
Stairs and circulation 250
Charges housing
exploitation
Balcony 350

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4.1. Study of beams
Beams are horizontal elements made of reinforced concrete subjected to
bending moments and shear forces. The calculation will be done in simple bending
with the most unfavorable solicitations. Their role is the transmission of loads.
from the floor to the posts.

The calculation is done by the flat-rate method if the following conditions are met
respected:
The method applies to common constructions:
when q ≤ 2g or q ≤ 5KN / m²
b) The moments of inertia of the cross-sections are identical along
the beam.
c) The successive ranges are in a ratio between 0.8 and 1.25
(25%).
d) Cracking is considered not detrimental to the strength of the concrete.
armed as well as that of its coverings.

If (a) is not verified (case of floors with relatively high load capacity)
elevated), we will apply the Caquot method (Annex E2 of the BAEL).
If (a) is fulfilled but one or more of the three conditions (b), (c), and (d) are not,
we will apply the reduced Caquot method (Annex E2 of the BAEL).
In our case, we will limit our study to the continuous otter axis Bau level of
l’étage courant.

Figure 4– Continuous beam of axis B subject of our study.

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4.1.1. Calculation assumptions
The loads acting on the current floor slab are:

We have:

{ the charges are moderate

the moments of inertia of the cross sections are not
identical along the beam.
the ratio of two successive ranges is not understood
between 0.8 and 1.25

So, we use the reduced Caquot method for the calculation of the beam.
continue.
It should be noted that the calculation of the continuous beam along axis B of the chosen dimensions at
The pre-sizing phase level was done by software and yielded some
very large and uneconomical reinforcement sections. The proposed solution is
the increase in the dimensions of the beam to optimize its reinforcement.
The change in the dimensions of the beams constituting the floors of our
The building does not have a significant impact on the calculation of the previously established columns.
since we do not mark a change at the level of the pole sections.

4.1.2. Evaluation of charges

Charging line

Charges transmitted from the slab

It increases by 10% the load borne by the continuous beam because it is transmitted.
from one load-bearing element (the slab) to another load-bearing element of the structure (the

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continuous beam of axis B), moreover the beam is hyperstatic and adjacent to a
eave beam.

Total charges applied on each beam of the continuous beam axis B

Requested element Beam 1 Beam 2 Beam 3 Beam 4 Beam 5

25x40 25x45 25x45 25 times 45 25x40
Charge
total permanent: 2.53 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.53
(t/m)
Charge
of exploitation 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
totale: (t/m)

4.1.3. Calculation of moments

We are dealing with a building (a closed environment), cracking is considered
little harmful, the calculation is therefore made at the ELU. In addition, it is considered that we do not have
no solidarity between the posts and beams making up our structure, it is-
Say the poles will not take any moment at the joints.
The reduced Caquot method consists in reducing the permanent loads and
calculate the moments on supports.
[Link]. The reduced ultimate loads

Elément sollicité Poutre 1 Poutre 2 Poutre 3 Poutre 4 Poutre 5

25x40 25x45 25x45 25x45 25x40
Ultimate charge
reduced (t/m) 3,85 3,88 3.88 3.88 3.85

Figure 5 – Diagram of the loads applied to the beam at axis B.

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[Link]. Moments on supports

With:{

And:

Support:
3,4 3,74 3.74 3.74
3.74 3.74 3.74 3.5

β 0.77 1 1 1.33
-5.74 -6.38 -6.38 -5.91

From the RDM perspective, the moment is considered null at the edge supports:
and , but we put a framework that will balance a moment of : with
is the isostatic moment in the edge spans 1 and 6.

Support :

Support :

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[Link]. Moments in spans

Span 1: 0 ≤ x < 3.4m

M(x) = + )+ *

= = -1,925x²+6,545x

* = -1.69x

The maximum moment in the span corresponds to = is equal to :

The maximum cutting effort in the span at x = 0 is equal to:

We repeat the same calculation for the other spans and we obtain:

Span 2: 0≤x< 4.67m

The maximum moment in the span corresponds to = is equal to:

The maximum shear force at span x = 0 is equal to:

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Span 3: 0≤x< 4.67m

The maximum moment in the span corresponds to = is equal to:

The maximum shear force in the span at x = 0 is equal to:

Span 4: 0≤x< 4.67m

The maximum moment in the span corresponds to = is equal to :

The maximum cutting effort in the span at x = 0 is equal to:

Span 5: 0 ≤ x < 3.5 m

The maximum moment in the span corresponds to = is equal to :

The maximum cutting effort in the span at x = 0 is equal to:

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 Figure 6– DMF of the continuous beam from axis B.

Figure 7 - DET of the continuous beam of axis B.

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[Link]. Results using RDM6

Figure 8–DMF obtained by RDM6 from the continuous beam of axis B.

Maximum bending moment = 36.43 kN.m at 5.691 m

- Minimal inflection moment = -69.22 kN.m at 8.070 m

Figure 9–DET obtained by RDM6 of the continuous beam from axis B.

- Maximum cutting effort = 88.84 kN at 8.070 m

- Minimal cutting effort = -88.43 kN at 12.74 m

This small difference between manual calculation and the software is due to the fact that we have
applied, on RDM6, a uniform load of 3.88 t/m across the entire beam. Then
that, in manual calculation, only the intermediate spans that have a load of
3.88 t/m while the edge spans have a load of 3.85 t/m.

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4.1.4. Reinforcement of the continuous beam of axis B
[Link]. The longitudinal reinforcements
- Span 1:

The beam has a rectangular section (b x h) = (0.25m x 0.4m) and a usable height:

So:

And: ( ) √ therefore:

With
The section of the longitudinal reinforcements:

We perform the same calculation for the other spans to obtain the reinforcements.
principles of the beam.
The same calculation is also established for the support sections to obtain the
armatures hats.

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 µ α Steel section Choice of
(cm²) reinforcement
longitudinal
Support G1 0.017 0.021 0.52 1T10
Truss 1 0.061 0.079 1.93 4T10
Support G2 0.115 0.153 3.75 4T12
Span 2 0.070 0.091 2.53 4T10
Support G3 0.099 0.13 3.64 4T12
Bay 3 0.065 0.084 2.35 4T10
Support G4 0.099 0.13 3,64 4T12
Truss 4 0.069 0.089 2.5 4T10
G5 Support 0.118 0.157 3,87 4T12
Span 5 0.066 0.085 2.11 4T10
Support G6 0.017 0.021 0.55 1T10

[Link]. The transverse reinforcements

Span 1:

We choose to adopt T6 for the transverse reinforcements of the [Link].

We chose to adopt 4T10 for the longitudinal reinforcement of the [Link], what
corresponds to:

section of a course on transverse reinforcements.

Shear rate in the calculation section:

With: ultimate cutting effort in the calculation section.

In our case:

So:

We check that: ̅

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The spacing between two transverse reinforcement bars must meet the inequality
next:

So: it corresponds to the first spacing in the most

requested that allows us to enter the suite of Caquot from the number the
closer.

The series of spacings to position the bars (T6) transversely throughout

long of the 1eraspan span: is in the following order:
10 times 3 minus 13 times 3 minus 15 times 3 minus 18 times 3 minus 20 times 3 minus 25 times 3 minus 37

On suit la même démarche mentionnée ci-dessus pour la position des armatures

transverses along the spans forming the continuous beam axis B.

4.1.5. Reinforcement verification by the Robot Structural software

Analysis
In this section, we perform the calculation BA of the beam axis B at the level of the floor.
current using the Robot software, we insert the geometric characteristics of
each span, the calculation options, the rebar layout and the loads
applied to each span. We obtain the following results:

Figure 10.a – Execution plan of span 1.

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 Figure 10.b - Execution plan of span 2.

Figure 10.c - Execution plan of span 3.

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 Figure 10.d - Execution plan of span 4.

Figure 10.e – Execution plan of span 5.

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4.2. Study of the poles
The columns are subjected to centered compression, and since concrete resists
Good for compression, the arrangement of reinforcements is therefore unnecessary, but since
the loads transmitted to the poles are never centered (following the
execution imperfections...etc.) it is necessary to introduce reinforcements
calculated longitudinally on a flat-rate basis. The risk of flare-up of
longitudinal reinforcements lead to placing transverse reinforcements (frames,
stirrups or pins).
The pole is subjected to a normal compressive force, the justification of
poles are calculated at the ELU as follows: Nu = 1.35G + 1.5Q, with G and Q to be evaluated.
by load descent.

It should be noted that in buildings with connected spans supported

by posts, it is necessary to increase the loads by:

15% for the central post of a two-span beam,

10% for the intermediate posts adjacent to the edge posts in the case
of a beam having at least 3 spans.

4.2.1. Study of square pole A1

Figure 11–Pillar A1 subject of our study.

The load descent on column A1 takes place from the 4th [Link] up to the
shallow foundation.

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The post A1 therefore supports the mentioned loads transmitted by the
fourth floorthfloor and the common floor, not forgetting the loads of the balconies
existing in the three common floors.

[Link]. Load rectangle: (Edge post)

[Link]. Load descent on column A

Floor 4thfloor :

( )

Current floor board:

( )

( )

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Summary table of loads applied to pole A1
Floor No. G (t) Q (t) Nu (t) Pole Weight (t) No
Partial Cumulative Partial Cumulative (cmxcm) final
(t)
T 0
4 1 1.51 1.51 1.02 1.02 3.57 25 x 25 0.47 4.2
3 2 2.53 4.04 1.23 2.25 8.83 25 x 25 0.47 10.1
2 3 2.53 6.57 1.23 3.48 14.08 25 x 25 0.47 16
1 4 2.53 9.1 1.23 4.71 19.35 25 x 25 0.66 22.14
Total G: 9.1 4.71 PP : 2,07

The post A1 is subjected to the maximum compression normal force: Nu = 19.35 t

Considering a square column at the ground floor, the section of column A1 must
check the following criterion:

̅̅̅

We obtain thus: √

By respecting the seismic construction regulations RPS2000, one chooses for

the post A1 minimum dimensions: 25 x 25 for all floors of the
building.

[Link]. Reinforcement of column A1

Foundation post:

Nu = 22.1 t

the post is embedded in the base

square post

()

reduced section of concrete due to formwork

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The section of the longitudinal reinforcements must verify the following inequality:

( )

So: ( )

We find: A < 0.

So: /ml of the cladding) =

Post Levels 1/2/3:

Summary table of the reinforcement for column A1:

Floor post Now (t) Steel Sections Choice of Choice of

tablets rebar reinforcement
longitudinal transversal
DRC 22.14 4 cm² 4T12 T6 / e=18cm
1st floor 16 4 cm² 4T12 T6 / e=18cm
2nd floor 10.1 4 cm² 4T12 T6 / e=18cm
3rd floor 4.2 4 cm² 4T12 T6 / e=18cm

The transverse reinforcements:

The diameter of the transverse reinforcements is at least equal to one third of the diameter of the
longitudinal reinforcements: φt ≥ φl /3

With a spacing: e=inf {15 φl, 40cm, a +10cm}

We therefore adopt transverse reinforcements with a diameter of: φt = 6mm with a
espacement :e= 18 cm

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[Link]. Verification by the Robot Structural Analysis software
In this section, we calculate the BA of column A1 at the first floor level.
With the help of the Robot software, we insert the geometry of the column, the parameters of
buckling, calculation options, reinforcement layout and loads
applied on pole A1.

We obtain the following results:

Figure 12.a – Execution plan of column A1.

Figure 12.b – 3D diagram of the reinforcement of column A1.

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4.2.2. Study of the square post B3
The load descent on column B3 is from the terrace floor down to the
shallow foundation.
The pole B3 thus supports the aforementioned loads transmitted by the
terrace floor, the 4th floor and the current floor.

Figure 13 – Post B3 subject of our study.

[Link]. Load Rectangle

At the level of the terrace floor

( ) ( )

On the fourth floorthfloor and the current floor

( ) ( )

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[Link]. Load descent on post B3
The calculation of the permanent and variable loads transmitted to the pole B3 by the
building floors and the sizing of column B3 is done in the same way
way that for the pole A3.
Summary table of loads applied to pole B3
Floor No. G (t) Q (t) Now (t) Post Weight (t) No
Partial Cumulative Partial Cumulative (cmxcm) final
(t)
T 0 9,13 9,13 1.17 1.17 14.08 25 x 25 0.44 14.67
4 1 11.25 20.38 7.44 8.61 40.43 25 x 30 0.56 41.78
3 2 11.25 31.63 4.65 13.26 62.59 25 x 30 0.56 64,69
2 3 11.25 42.88 4.65 17.91 84.75 30 x 30 0.67 87.76
one 4 11.25 54.13 4,65 22.56 106.91 30 x 30 0.94 111.2
Total G: 54.13 22.56 PP : 3,17

[Link]. Reinforcement of column B3

Foundation post:

Nu = 111.2 t

the post is embedded in the footing

square post (30 x 30)

()

reduced section of concrete due to formwork

The section of the longitudinal reinforcements: ( )

We find: A≥5.29

Verification of the minimum section:

/ml of the facing) =

On a : A≥ the minimum section is therefore verified

IT report Oumaima ARIB and Omar DRISSI-EL-BOUZAIDI Du 23/06/2020 au 23/08/2020 38/93

Post 1st floor:

Nu = 87.76 t

the pole is crossed by two beams at the start and others

equal inertias

square post (30 x 30)

()

reduced section of concrete due to formwork

The section of the longitudinal reinforcements: ( )

We find: A < 0.

So: /ml of the facing) =

Pole floors 2/3/4:

Summary table of reinforcement for column B3

Floor post Now (t) Steel sections Choice of Choice of

tablets reinforcement reinforcement
longitudinal transversal
DRC 111.2 5.29 cm² 4T14 T6 / e=21cm
1st floor 87.76 4.8 cm² 4T14 T6 / e=21cm
2nd floor 64,69 4.8 cm² 4T14 T6 / e=21cm
3rd floor 41.78 4.8 cm² 4T14 T6 / e=21cm
4th floor 14,67 4.8 cm² 4T14 T6/ e=21cm

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[Link]. Verification by Robot Structural Analysis
The BA calculation retained at the Robot software level allowed us to obtain the
following results:

Figure 14.a - Execution plan of column B3.

Figure 14.b–3D diagram of the reinforcement of column B3.

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4.2.3. Study of the circular pole C4
For architectural reasons, column C4 is a circular column.
The load descent on the C4 column is from the terrace floor down to the
shallow foundation.
The C4 pole therefore supports the loads mentioned above transmitted by the
terrace floor, the floor 4èmefloor and the common floor ceiling.

Figure 15 – Pole C4 subject of our study.

[Link]. Load rectangle: (Intermediate column)

()

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[Link]. Load descent on the column C4
The calculation of the permanent and variable loads transmitted to the pole C4 by the
The building floors are done in the same way as for column B3.

Summary table of loads applied to pole B3

Floor No. G (t) Q (t) Now (t) Post Weight (t) No
Partial Cumulative Partial Cumulative D=30cm final
(cm2) (t)
T 0 12.25 12.25 1.59 1.59 18.92 707 0.49 19.58
4 1 9,71 21,96 3.97 5.56 37.98 707 0.53 39.36
3 2 9.71 31.67 3.97 9.53 57.05 707 0.53 59.14
2 3 9.71 41.38 3.97 13.5 76.11 707 0.53 78.92
1 4 9.71 51.09 3.97 17.47 95.17 707 0,74 98,98
Total G: 51.09 Q:17,47 PP : 2,82

The C4 pole is subject to the maximum axial compression force: Nu = 95.17 t

The circular section of pole C4 must meet the following criterion:

̅̅̅
We obtain therefore:

We choose for the pole C4 a diameter: D = 30 cm, which gives a section of

707 cm² for all the floors making up the building.

[Link]. Reinforcement Column C4

Foundation post:

Nu = 98.98 t

the post is embedded in the base

SI Report Oumaima ARIB and Omar DRISSI-EL-BOUZAIDI Du 23/06/2020 au 23/08/2020 42/93

 ()

reduced section of concrete due to formwork

The section of the longitudinal reinforcements: ( )

We find: A < 0

Verification of the minimum section:

/ml of the cladding) =

So:

Floor post:

Summary table of the reinforcement for Column B3

Post Nu (t) Section steels Choice of Choice of

floor tablets reinforcement reinforcement
longitudinal transversal
DRC 98.98 4 cm² 4T12 T6 / e=18cm
1st floor 78, 92 4 cm² 4T12 T6 / e=18cm
2nd floor 59.14 4 cm² 4T12 T6 / e=18cm
3rd floor 39.36 4 cm² 4T12 T6 / e=18cm
4th floor 19.58 4 cm² 4T12 T6 / e=18cm

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[Link]. Verification by Robot Structural Analysis
The BA calculation retained at the level of the Robot software allowed us to obtain the
following results:

Figure 16.a – Execution plan of column C4.

Figure 16.b - 3D diagram of the reinforcement of column C4.

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4.3. Study of the soles
We carry out the foundation calculations, namely: the sizing and the calculation of
reinforcement of isolated footings under the previously calculated columns.

4.3.1. Study of the footings under column A1

The A1 pillar at the ground floor level is a square pillar with a section of 25 x 25, therefore the
The corresponding insulated sole is a square sole with side A.

[Link]. Determination of the geometric characteristics of the sole

To ensure that the stresses are evenly distributed on the ground and to ensure that the
efforts in the concrete beams are properly transmitted to the reinforcements, the
The dimensions of the sole must meet certain criteria.

Figure 17 - Diagram illustrating the parameters of the sole.

The A side of the sole must check the following criterion:

̅
With: P = G + Q = 9.1 + 2.07 + 4.71 = 15.88 t

So: √

A major increase of 10% to take into account the self-weight of the sole and the weight
lands.

We obtain: A = 1.1 m

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The useful height of the sole must check the following criterion:

We obtain: d = 0.213 m

The height h of the sole must verify the following criterion:

With :φ: the diameter of the reinforcements to be used in the footing reinforcement.

For the sole we choose to adopt the T12 reinforcements.

We get: h = 0.30 m

The thickness e of the sole must check the following criterion:

We obtain: e = 0.15m

[Link]. Reinforcement of the footing

Calculation of the self-weight of the sole :

To calculate the total surface area of the sole it is divided into four elements.

We obtain: and afterwards:

Calculation of earth weight:

A part of the sole with a height of 1.20m is filled with soil, its weight
volumetric:

which corresponds to a total land weight:

Calculation of the reinforcement section:
Cracking is considered harmful, so the calculation is done at the Ultimate Limit State and then at
the ELS.

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 Calculation at the ELU:

The section of the two layers of reinforcements used for the footing reinforcement
is the following:

With:

We therefore obtain:

Calculation at the ELS:

The section of the two layers of reinforcements used for the footing reinforcement.
is the following:

With:

We obtain:

La section des armatures à adopter pour le ferraillage de la semelle is the one

withholding at the level of the calculation at the ELS (most unfavorable case).

So:

We adopt for the sole. two layers of T12 reinforcements every 26 cm.

[Link]. Verification by Robot Structural Analysis

In this part, we calculate the BA of the sole. using the software
Robot, we input the dimensions of the post A1 resting on the base, the parameters
of the sun, the calculation options, the reinforcement layout and the applied loads
on the sole. We obtain the following results:

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 Figure 18.a–Geometry of the sole .

Figure 18.b – Execution plan of the foundation .

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 Figure 18.c–3D diagram of the reinforcing steel of the footing .

4.3.2. Study of the footing under column B3

The B3 column at the ground floor level is a square column with a section of 30 x 30, so the
The corresponding insulated sole is a square sole with side A.

By following the same calculation steps performed for the sole , we obtain the
following results:

[Link]. The geometric characteristics of the sole

A 2.55 m
d 0.563 m
h 0.60 m
e 0.15 m

[Link]. Reinforcement of the footing

The section of the reinforcements retained at the level of the calculation at the ULS (most cases
unfavorable) :

We adopt for the sole. two layers of T14 reinforcements every 20 cm.

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[Link]. Verification by Robot Structural Analysis software
The BA calculation of the sole by the software Robot allowed us to obtain the
following results:

Figure 19.a – Geometry of the sole .

Figure 19.b - Execution plan of the footing .

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4.3.3. Study of the footing under column C4
The C4 pole at the ground floor is a circular pole with a diameter of 30cm, two
calculation approaches can be considered:
1eraApproach: Choice of a square insulated slab of side A supporting a column.
square 30x30.

- 2thapproach: Choice of an isolated circular base plate.

[Link]. Calculation with the first approach

By following the same calculation steps carried out for the sole we obtain the
following results:

The geometric characteristics of the sole :

A 2.4 m
d 0.525 m
h 0.60 m
e 0.15 m

Foundation reinforcement :

The reinforcement section retained at the level of the calculation for the ELS (most likely case)
unfavorable) :

We adopt for the sole two layers of T14 reinforcements every 19 cm.

[Link]. Calculation with the 2nd approach

This approach involves considering the isolated sole. a cylindrical sole

of height D and diameter D. The reinforcement of the footing is determined in
calculating the section of the circles surrounding the sole.

Determination of the diameter of the sole :

The diameter of the sole must meet the following criterion:

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 √
̅

With:

We obtain: D = 2.5 m

The useful height of the sole must meet the following criterion:

With: diameter of the circular pole

We obtain: d = 0.55 m
Calculation of the section of the hoops:

Calculation at the ELU:

The section of the bars adopted for the reinforcement of the footing is as follows:

With:

We obtain:

Calculation at the ELS:

The section of the sections adopted for the scrap of the sole is as follows:

With: 102,06 t

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We obtain:

Footing reinforcement :
The section of the screens retained at the calculation level at the ELS (most unfavorable case):

We adopt for the soles of the shoe T12 reinforcements every 26 cm.

[Link]. Verification by the Robot Structural Analysis software

The BA calculation of the sole The Robot software has allowed us to obtain the
following results:

Figure 20.a–Geometry of the sole .

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 Figure 20.b – Execution plan of the footing .

Figure 20.c - 3D diagram of the rebar for the footings and .

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 III. Study of non-structural elements

Non-structural elements are elements that are not part of the system.
neither of bracing nor of the load-bearing system, their role is to ensure safety and the
comfort of uses, They are generally made of masonry (balconies,
partitions...) or in concrete (parapet, staircases...).

Study of balconies
The balcony in our building is a cantilevered structure embedded in the floor, it is
assimilated to a panel embedded in the floor, made of a solid slab of a thickness
e = 15 cm
The BA calculation of the balcony is therefore similar to the calculation of a bracket.

1.1. The dimensions of the balcony

Figure 21 - Diagram illustrating the dimensions of the balcony.

B 1.66 m
L 1m
The 1m
e 0.15 m

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1.2. Evaluation of charges

Figure 22–Diagram illustrating the loads applied from the balcony.

1.2.1. Permanent charges

PP of the full slab in BA

Chape
Sealing
Tiling
Coating

The sum of the distributed loads applied on the balcony is:

The concrete guardrail applies a linear load of value:

1.2.2. Operational expenses

The balcony is subject to a distributed live load: and a
other linear: (private local car with B<3.25m)

1.3. Reinforcement of the balcony

The calculation is done for a drain of 1m in width.
The ultimate moment at the ELU requesting the balcony is as follows:

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We obtain:

The console is a beam with a rectangular section (b x h) = (1m x 0.15m) and of

usable height:

So:

And: ( ) √

And :
The section of the longitudinal reinforcements:

What corresponds to adopting3T10

The section of the transverse reinforcements:

/ml

What corresponds to adopting2T6

Figure 23 - Reinforcement diagram of the balcony.

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2. Study of stairs
2.1. Definition and terminology
A staircase is used to connect one floor to another, it consists of a certain number of
marches. We call:

Step length: the useful length of the step.

Giron ‹ g ›: the width of the step taken on the stride line.
Height‹h›: the height of a step (from nose to nose).
Wall of the staircase: the wall that limits the stairs, it can serve as a support for the
mattress.
Pallet: the ceiling that rises under the steps.
The Cage: the volume circumcised at the staircase.
Day: space left in the middle of the horizontal projection of the staircase, maybe
null.
Collet: the edge limiting the staircase on the day side (width of the step).
Stride line: curve described by a person climbing the stairs
(marked at 0.5m from the ground)
Escaped: free vertical height above the edge at the nose of a step
(2m minimum).
Flight: an uninterrupted sequence of steps from one landing to another.
Landing: the horizontal part between two flights (minimum length
=3 marches).
Guardrail: the protection of the flight of landings on the side of the void (Bais,
Metal...)

Figure 24 - Diagram of the elements constituting the staircase.

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In our project, we have only one type of stairs: straight stairs with 2 flights.
a rest platform.
We are interested in the study of stairs at the level of a common floor.

2.2. The dimensions of the stairs

- Step (g) and riser (h):

We set: h = 17cm, and from BLONDEL's formula we determine g.

BLONDEL formula:

We find: g = 28 cm
Taking into account the total height of the current floor (3m), we find that we have 11
march connects one floor to the one above.

-Angle of inclination:

()

Thickness of the worktop:

( )

With: L represents the inclined length of the workbench

We have: L = 3.6 meters = 15 cm

Thickness of the bearing:

Generally, it is used for a change of direction.

We find: We take: e = 20 cm
It should be noted that the other uncalculated dimensions of the stairs are to be determined.
from the architect's plan of our building.

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The table below gathers all the dimensions of the stairs.

Width of the step: 28 cm

giron (g)
Height of the step: 17 cm
contramarch (h)
Angle of inclination 31,26°

Thickness of the worktop 15 cm

Length of the workbench 3.6 m

Emmarchement 1.5 m

Day 0.4 m

Level 1.4 m

2.3. Evaluation of charges

2.3.1. Charges applied on the workbench
Self-weight:

( )

Horizontal covering (tiling + setting mortar):

Vertical coating:

Plaster coating:

Operating charge:

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2.3.2. Charges applied on the tier
- Poids propre :

- Revêtement :(carrelage + mortier de pose) :

Plaster coating:

Operating charge:

2.4. Reinforcement of stairs

The sum of the permanent loads applied to the workbench:

The operating charge applied to the workstation:

It is considered that the beam is loaded by the maximum load (on the bench) on
the entire length.

The calculation is made for a drain of 1m in width.

The ultimate load applied to the workbench:

The ultimate moment at the ELU requesting the workbench is as follows:

The beam has a rectangular section (b x h) = (1m x 0.15m) and a useful height:

So: 0.108

And: ( ) √

So:

And:

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The section of the longitudinal reinforcements:

What corresponds to adopting 3T14

The section of the transverse reinforcements:

/ml

What corresponds to adopting2T10

The section of the cap reinforcements:

/ml

What corresponds to adopting1T10

Figure 25 - Diagram of the reinforcement of the staircase.

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3. Study of the elevator
3.1. Definition and terminology
An elevator is a mobile device that ensures the movement of people (and
objects) at height on defined levels of a construction.
The dimensions, construction, and real-time control during use of the
Elevators provide secure access for people.
This lifting device is mostly installed in an elevator shaft.
(a closed vertical hopper generally inside the building), consisting of three
main constituents:

Cabin: an organ intended to receive people or cargo to

transporter
Lifting winch and its pulley: is a horizontal cylinder rotating around
its axis, on which a cable that serves to drive the cabin is rolled or unrolled
and rolls its movements of ascents and descents.
Counterweight: intended to balance the cabin and the payload.

The cabin and the counterweight are at the ends of the steel cable that carries in the
Gorges of the pulley, the winch. That is:

PM: 'dead weight': it is the weight of the cabin, bracket, accessory, cables.
the cabin load.
Pp: the weight of the counterweight such that Pp = Pm + Q/2.
Mg: the weight of the cables.

The nominal load is 600 kg for 8 people.

The room reserved for machinery is located at the upper part of the building, it
contains a motor that ensures the movement and stopping of the elevator.

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 Figure 26 – The components of an elevator.

3.2. Study of the slab supporting the elevator

3.2.1. Thickness of the slab
The machine slab supporting the elevator is located at the upper floor level of
4thfloor.

On a: { so:

So the slab is load-bearing in both directions.

The thickness of the slab must therefore meet the following criterion:

The dimensions of the elevator are taken while ensuring fire protection and
the noise, for this we take the thickness of the machine slab equal to 15cm.

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3.2.2. Assessment of loads
Distributed charges
Element soliciting Surface charge
(daN/m2)
Charges Dead weight of the slab 375
permanents
Charges Dalle not accessible 100
of exploitation

Fundamental combination Total charge (daN/m2)

ELU : 656.25

ELS : 475

Occasional charges
Element soliciting Weight (daN)
Dead weight 733,14
Cable mass 32.5
Charges
Weight of the counterweight 1033.14
permanent
Winch and Motor 1200
Charges Surcharge of 8 600
exploitation of individuals

The sum of the localized permanent loads borne by the slab is:

G = 2998.78 daN

Fundamental combination Total weight (daN)

ELU : 4948.35

ELS: 3598.78

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3.2.3. Verification by Punching
There is a risk of punching shear in the slab due to the concentrated force.
applied by one of the engine mounts (assumed to be 4 mounts), each mount takes
a quarter (1/4) of the total load.

For each of the four supports:

To avoid the risk of puncturing the slab, one must check the criterion
following :

With:

. final charge for each press.

. perimeter of the contour at the level of the middle leaf.
. h: thickness of the slab equal to 15cm.
. U, V: represent the sides of the rectangle (U//Lx and V//Ly) on which the
charge applies, considering the diffusion at 45 degrees in the concrete.

The impact surface (a x b) is (10 x 10) cm²

Figure 27–The parameters for punch shear verification.

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So:

{ So:

the condition is met

So the risk of puncturing does not exist.

3.2.4. Calculation of solicitations

[Link]. Calculation of moments due to point loads
The study of the slab subjected to localized loads will be done using tables.
from PIGEAU by placing the charges at the center.

The expressions of the moments given by the PIGEAUD method are the
following:

ELU :

ELS :

With: Poisson's ratio taken equal to 0.2

M1, M2: dimensionless, are given based on the ratios U/Lx and V/Ly
in the tables of PIGEAUD
The calculation is done for a drain with a width of 1m.

The charge per square meter will be:

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When the load is not concentric, proceed as follows:

The slab with dimensions (Lx × Ly) is subjected to an eccentric load (A)
distributed over a rectangle (U×V). We divide the slab into fictitious rectangles giving the
symmetric charges:

Four symmetric rectangles A

Two symmetrical rectangles B

Two symmetrical rectangles C

A rectangle in the center D

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 Figure 28–Diagrams illustrating the different parameters.
It is clear that the moments produced by the non-concentric load A will be
provided by:

The table below brings together all the results obtained using the
PIGEAUD's charts:

U (m) 1,79 1.79 1.29 1.29

V (m) 1.79 1.29 1.79 1.29
S = UxV (m²) 3,20 2.31 2.31 1.66
U/Lx 0.54 0.54 0.39 0.39
V/Ly 0.38 0.38 0.28 0.28
M1 0.118 0.118 0.138 0.138
M2 0.072 0,072 0.091 0.091
x S (daN) 63320.58 45709.54 45709.54 32847.55
x S (daN) 46050.82 33242.93 33242.93 23888.86
(daN.m) 7471,83 3922.67 4587.52 3296.66
(daN.m) 4559.08 3291.09 4159.57 2989.13
(daN.m) 6097,13 4401.36 5192.55 3731.44
(daN.m) 4402.46 3178,02 3942.61 2833,22

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So:

We obtain the following values:

(daN.m) 2258.30
(daN.m) 97.55

(daN.m) 234.66

(daN.m) 115.05

[Link]. Calculation of moments due to distributed loads

The expression for the moments due to distributed loads is as follows:

ELU :

ELS :

With: and = f(ρ,υ) to be determined from the table.

The calculation is done for a weir with a width of 1m.

The table below summarizes all the results obtained:

0.0668
0.4506
0.0729
0.5966

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 (daN.m) 486.11
(daN.m) 219.04
(daN.m) 383.98
(daN.m) 229.08

[Link]. Total moments acting on the machine slab

These are the moments due to concentrated loads and the moments due to the loads
distributed:

We obtain the following final values:

(daN.m) 2744.41
(daN.m) 316.59
(daN.m) 618.64

(daN.m) 344.13

Maximum moment in the span:

Maximum moment in support:

The moments in support and in span are then:

ELU ELS

(daN.m) 2332.75 525.84

(daN.m) -1372,21 -309.32

(daN.m) 260.10 292.51

(daN.m) -158.30 -172.07

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3.2.5. Reinforcement of the slab
Reinforcement in the direction XX

Sense Z Choice of
XX (MN.m) μ α (m) (cm²/ml) (cm²/ml) reinforcement

Span 0.023 0.105 0.14 0.12 4.47 1,2 4T12 / e = 25 cm

Supports 0.014 0.063 0.0814 0.12 2.68 1,2 4T10

Reinforcement in the YY direction

Sense Z Choice of
YY (KN.m) μ α (m) (cm²/ml) (cm²/ml) reinforcement

Truss 2.6 0,012 0,015 0,12 0.5 1,2 4T8 / e = 25 cm

Supports 1.58 0,007 0,0089 0,12 0.3 1,2 4T8

1

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So:

{ So:

the condition is met

So the risk of puncturing does not exist.

3.2.4. Calculation of solicitations

[Link]. Calculation of moments due to point loads
The study of the slab subjected to localized loads will be done using tables.
from PIGEAU by placing the charges at the center.

The expressions of the moments given by the PIGEAUD method are the
following:

ELU :

ELS :

With: Poisson's ratio taken equal to 0.2

M1, M2: dimensionless, are given based on the ratios U/Lx and V/Ly
in the tables of PIGEAUD
The calculation is done for a drain with a width of 1m.

The charge per square meter will be:

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Horizontal feeding

Base flows Probable flows

Section Devices Values
Name
Landmarks Devices
X l.s-1 l.s-1 l.s-1
Bidet 4 0.2 0.8
Sink 8 0.2 1.6
Toilet with tank 8 0.12 0.96
of hunting
shower 4 0.2 0.8
Bathtub 4 0.33 1.32
Floor 4
Water post 4 0.33 1.32
Sink 4 0.2 0.8
Washing machine the 4 0,1 0.4
dishes
Washing machine the 2 0.2 0.4
linens

Total EF 42 8.4 0.1249391, 0.4948768

Total ECS 28 6.64 0.15396011 0.022294877

Vertical feeding

Bidet 4 0.2 0.8

Sink 8 0.2 1.6
WC with tank 8 0.12 0.96
of hunting
shower 4 0.2 0.8
Nutrition
vertical Bathtub 4 0.33 1.32
Floor 4 Water post 4 0.33 1.32
Sink 4 0.2 0.8
Washing machine the 4 0.1 0.4
dishes
Washing machine 2 0.2 0.4
linen

Total EF 42 8.4 0.1249391, 0.4948768

Total ECS 28 6,64 0,1539601 1,022294877

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1.2. Calculation of the diameters of supply pipes
Based on the probable flow rates calculated previously for each sector
and by adding the speed limit in piping (generally 1.5m/s for the
rising columns), we obtain the calculated inner diameter of the pipeline, we
then refers to the standard diameter table to choose the diameter
the most suitable commercial.

The two tables below group the diameters selected for sizing the
cold water and hot sanitary water supply lines:

EF Diameters
Qp Dint U L j 1,15.j JT

Landmarks

l.s-1 m.s-1 mm mm m.s-1 m mce.m-1 mce

Floor 4 1.05 1.5 29.85411 32,61,257952 1 0.073059 0.084017 0.084017

Floor 1.53 1,5 36,03754 36,21,486567 1 0,086997 0,100047 0,100047

current
DRC 0.73 1.5 24.89263 26,21,354037 ["1 0.110699 0.127304 0.127304"]

Of Floor 1.05 1,5 29,85411 32,61,257952 1 0.073059 0.084017 0.084017

4
Of Floor 1.85 1.5 39.62737 40,81,415017 1 0,068151 0,078373 0,078373
3
Of Floor 2.4 1,5 45,13517 45,61,469575 ["1 0.063394 0.072904 0.072904"]
2
Of Floor 2.83 1.5 49.01203 51,41,363862 1 0,047384 0,054492 0,054492
1
From the RDC 2.92 1,5 49,78527 51,41,407235 1 0.050206 0.057737 0.057737

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 ECS Diameters

qp Dint U L j 1.15.j JT

Landmarks

l.s-1 m.s-1 mm mm m.s-1 m mce.m-1 mce

Floor 4 1.02 1,5 29,424529 32,61,2220109 1 0,0651647 0,07493939 0,07493939
Floor 1.1 1.5 30.556652 32,61,3178549 1 0.0751946 0.08647384 0.08647384
current
DRC 0.65 1.5 23.489085 26,21,205649 1 0,083951 0,09654367 0,09654367
Av 1.02 1.5 29.424529 32,61,2220109 1 0,0651647 0,07493939 0,07493939
Floor 4
Av 1,82 1.5 39.304758 40,81,3920703 1 0.062656 0.07205443 0.07205443
Floor 3
of 2,36 1.5 44.75746 45,61,4450818 1 0,058358 0,06711172 0,06711172
Floor 2
Av 2.8 1.5 48.751552 51,41,3494037 1 0.043989 0.05058731 0.05058731
Floor 1
Av 2.89 1,5 49,528862 51,41,3927774 1 0,0467083 0,05371459 0,05371459
DRC

2. Study of the internal evacuation system

2.1. Definition and terminology
The internal drainage involves evacuating polluted domestic water from the
various sanitary devices up to the facade inspection covers.

The internal drainage network consists of:

1. Siphons :
The siphon is placed at the outlet of any device, it is used with a water trap.
sufficient (generally 5cm) to prevent the rise of unpleasant odors.

[Link] collectors:
The fixture drain collects the water from sanitary appliances.
Inside the premises, it is connected to a drain.

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 3. Slides (or descents):

The drains are vertical discharge pipes that collect water from
device collectors. We distinguish: the valve water falls that collect the
polluted water from toilets and wastewater drains that collect polluted water
from other sanitary devices. We can have several wastewater and water flows
valves according to the placement of the devices in relation to the ducts
techniques.

Types of falls

Single chute EU/EV/EP: wastewater, foul water, and rainwater

are collected together in the same conduit. This drop poses a
problématique au niveau de la station d’épuration car les eaux pluviales ne
are not polluted.
Unique drop for EU and EV
Separate chutes: the use of three separate chutes: one chute for the
EU, another one for the EV and another drop for the EP.
Main collector:
The main horizontal collector allows for the collection of water coming from
of falls.

There are two types of collectors:

Unit collector: a single collector for wastewater and sewage.

Separation collectors: one collector for the wastewater and another for the stormwater.

The internal drainage network is connected to the outside via a manhole.

Connection is the boundary between sanitary plumbing and sanitation.

2.2. Calculation of wastewater and rainwater drainage installations

The purpose of this section is to determine the diameters of the installations.
evacuation systems, namely the drains and collectors that allow for the collection of wastewater
and EV coming from all the sanitary fixtures making up the building.

Taking into account the use of the building (a hotel), we will adopt a design.
particularity of the internal drainage network that involves treating each room
regardless of the difficulty of connecting the existing sanitary appliances
on each floor. So we will have several shafts and subsequently a number
important of drops and collectors.

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For the downpipes, we adopt separate pipes for the wastewater and the
EV, and for the main collectors, we adopt a single collector for the EU and
EV.

For drainage installations, PVC pipes are often used because they
present the following advantages:

Resistance to corrosive products

Easy implementation and handling
Interesting cost
Electrically insulating

The calculation process involves first determining the hydraulic load.

maximum allowable (Qmax) which corresponds to the largest load between:
. The probable flow of wastewater (Qww) from a drainage system on
which only domestic sanitary appliances are connected.

With: ∑DU: the sum of connection units. The connection units

only apply for the calculation.
K: simultaneously coefficient depending on the type of use. In our case, it
it is a regular use (a hotel), we take: K = 0.7

. The wastewater discharge from the sanitary device with the connection unit p
the bigger.

The following tables present:

An example of calculating the diameters of the fall columns allowing

to evacuate the wastewater and stormwater from the sanitary appliances of a room
and kitchen located on the 4th floor of the hotel and a toilet located on the
the current floor.

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 YOU
Reference Devices Number Appareils Tronçons K Qmax Falls or
descents
X l.s-1 l.s-1 EU EV EU EV
Bidet 1 0.3 0.3 0.7 >45° <45° >45° <45°
Sink 4 0.3 0.3
WC with 4 2 8
reservoir
4 hunting
Chutes shower 1 0.5 0.5
Type 1 Bathtub 1 0.5 0.5
Sink 1 0.5 0.5

EU 8 3 1,2124356 2 68mm 68mm 73mm 68mm

EV 4 8

An example of calculating the diameter of the horizontal collector located at

ground floor level and allowing the collection of wastewater and rainwater from the falls
type 1 and type 2.

YOU
Landmarks Devices Number Section Devices K Qmax Collecteurs
X l.s-1l.s-1 EU+EV EU+EV
Bidet 1 0.3 0.3 0.7
Sink 4 0.3 1,2
Toilet with 4 2 8
tank
of hunting
Collector shower 1 0.5 0.5
Type 1 Bathtub 1 0.5 0.5
Sink 1 0.5 0.5

EU + EV 12 11 2.3216374100 mm

The calculation of the diameter of the main collector that collects all the water.
evacuated to the ground floor level in order to bring them to the well
connection.

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 YOU
Landmarks Devices Number Segment Devices K Qmax Collectors
EU+EV
X l.s-1 l.s-1 EU+EV
Bidet 34 0.3 10.2 0.7
Washbasin 79 0.3 23,7
WC with 75 2 150
tank
of hunting
Collector shower 34 0.5 17
principal Bathtub 34 0.5 17
Sink 5 0.5 2.5

EU+EV 261 220.4 10.392112150 mm

It should be noted that the minimum nominal diameter to be taken for the columns
The wastewater discharge is: 110 mm, and the minimum nominal diameter to be considered
for the piping at the level of the slab is: 200 mm, this main collector is
directly related to the connection point located no more than 50 cm from the exterior wall of
the main facade in order to ensure the external connection with the network
urban sanitation.
It should also be noted that when the calculation gives a diameter for the collectors
less than the diameter of the fall, the diameter to be considered is that of
the fall.

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 V. Modeling the structure with the software
CypeCAD

1. Extracts from the BA plan created by CypeCAD

1.1. Reinforcement of beams

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 Figure 29–Reinforcement of the continuous beam at axis B.

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1.2. Reinforcement of the columns

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 Figure 30 – Reinforcement of pillar B3.

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1.3. Reinforcement of the footings

Figure 31–Reinforcement of the footing .

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 Figure 32 – Reinforcement of the footing .

Figure 33 - Reinforcement of the footing .

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2. Excerpts from the summaries obtained by CypeCAD

Figure 34 - Reinforcement ratios of foundations.

Figure 35 - Reinforcement ratios of the structure.

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 VI. Comparative table of results of
reinforcement of structural elements

We note that the CypeCAD software has given us a higher reinforcement than
RSA and the manual calculation that produced slightly different results. This
is primarily due to the difference in sections used for the same element. Also,
on CypeCAD, there are many conditions to check during
sizing, which leads to more reinforcement.
The BET has confirmed to us that CypeCAD usually provides a reinforcement more
higher than RSA.

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 Conclusion

This engineering internship was our first contribution in a professional setting.

to a complete technical study of a building project: case of a 4-storey hotel
city of Terfaya.
The technical study included a complete structural analysis of the building.
know: the design including the formwork plans, the preliminary sizing
load-bearing elements, the manual calculation of certain structural elements, a study
secondary elements to know: the calculation of the stairs, the balcony and
the elevator, and a study of the building's sanitary plumbing including the calculation
of the drinking water supply network and the calculation of the drainage network
interior.
To develop this complete technical study of the building, all the calculations
were performed manually, then checked by the Robot Structural software.
Analysis. And finally, a modeling of the entire structure with the software
CypeCAD.
Thanks to this work, we were able to put into practice all of the knowledge.
acquired regarding reinforced concrete calculations: the sizing and
reinforcement of the structural elements, we were also able to deepen our
skills referring to the technical and regulatory documents provided by
the design office TRIANGLE INGENIERIE.
In this regard, this internship has strengthened our passion for the field of civil engineering.

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 References

Project documentation: Architect plan and calculation assumptions.

BAEL course by Mr. Guissi and Mr. Azizi, Professors at EHTP.
Course on Structural Calculations by Mr. Rguig and Mr. Bennis, Professors at
the EHTP.
Sanitary Plumbing Course by Mr. Oukhattar, Professor at EHTP.
Documents designed by Mr. El Atmioui, State Engineer in engineering
civil and Head of Structural Studies at TRIANGLE ENGINEERING.

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