VAReLE CoNSTANTS Ao KaamETeR
natcan asae Vais Valuo.
H Vaieis variatle then 't implied
to ke a
t x a a f z beaid Vaueo.
Cantake ay einl
the othor hand, Can wot chae he in dhe
hoese, in holaiom eah numbr
Aele
[Link] teated ao constnt.
numeex ystem can be uchtha a=3,
is a
a t o m e t e l l y o i n we ce
censtt
4 A and
wheneNer heer it by 3.
nature.
Ne Cam leearariabil in -their
Gonstut do nt eempla
’ aove
betht 'e' in the i celar Tlle
Bnt it way tor a paoti ofsdndsemains
4dkothe value tr that
tha sene
andseainucontert ctakeo tke Vaaiabiily
nothos ot
enexind Cantant,.
the
In Aame atirov. aaythatparamticket contbnt' r
ay the
Then Ne can ature ot
ic inhesent inhe
naidto be a
(hen c is pasamela comstaut ieh
Variab
paraneleris a ariular lontort paramelng
7 Thuo a inayat pb a , 4 b ane
of-thecu
ogaiom y
In-the oquahon
Exageneous etide of-the ystey
Va ñausa hrengh ternalfos.
Endegeneoua mined withinthe systen,
the Valu is deler
Demand ria) sqeneous.
Defuiin ffanchtom
relatona laetweeu two varDaes ahally
Functunal betweeuthe
lipKeoo elatono f dejendeny
Vatiaes.
if y isfunchon of x
hiingics that for each vale of we qet a
irge, defnite vate of y
Singlk Valued funeion Ne qt one'y Vaue eetono
y 2x.
get
ofe otker
fr each value audtke
Mutvaluedtncion is
valuesot y
y one is poshve
o
negative.
eJese tuchon and Mmotuie tunein
An invee tnchom descibs -6ule ot ppg
nich is to ich it is invers.
if v f )is deoced
invesefuis y 2{'()
theonyof demand, quantily demasu
Exempei Inthe s amned fo lo afn of Priace)
t a commsdi
loy obanng
maet demanl
ane invese
Ínvese to each other,
to
tao fuacton
Thene tu inwesefntion tnyifit
2his fmplieo afacion haappirgneto ene mepping is the
0Rpaenth eg .
menot
monotonic
neening
?{t) f )
Rolynonial funcion Poynoinl sheulteau
) ic Said to lee
Afuneton
e p r d ky einear of fRe non- neg ative
ee and ohen each tesm of the
mieaer peners of (oe iet
Rupreuíen contrine îe giveu as
funeion
Genemly a potynial
ane calldexponent'.
The perer ot the highet pene'ofis n.
D
t o otthenn inthio canel desc aessthe
Let, if aVals
The prtynolfuntiom,
degee ofthe prlynu Wegt iferet
ftegt Vale ot n
gin, if we prtnonial fa.
Snb clanesof Constaut funchon
Linear Funtiom
n=1 f ) - aota qndraictuneion
n = =)t) Cubic fncion.
n3 fr)=
Constout tmction 2esD Valeof
nenial funchieu of degree Ze Aame
A poty al be eDendut Varíabe,
Queh atunetien
iserfethve ofhe
+()=a
Linear tinchen Ya+a
fist degrot petynonia
tuncion.
Linear tunhn is3 a shraght
douJar
4
ppiop
epenthy on the y24-b
b<o
Quadrathe fuetioy ft)aot arta,
to
The genetal -fseni
poynain funetiea.
Sceond Aegre of quasaticfunctio
pbted qashi cally uh a change
Ahe J
haoavettcneterept egualfo'a, AA
a vìl| hftthe curve inthe
Inthe Valueotd e ard ice tion, Achavge in
wpard s ceope ofrthe functi
affecte the
-the Vclue of 'c', tuning pojvt
a ringle
fuaetion hass peit-the Punctien may
AA quaathe
a . t 6 ting
ad the
b
peivt, t thio peint
E c so<o atthetumingpoint the ve
val.
cuve takeoturn t inim
Cote
Vae
are ot
uca wse in
aticfunetions
fnet
laconmis Cost funcii .
the analys
yatbtcx
y zatbrt(z
aD, b>o, C<o
65
y-f)--x+sx
25 3
1
25
Ratenal Funcion
as araio of
Atuncheu ich
petynoiatocAnoe oheL functiou,
is Callldsatieval
two
at brt ( P(3)
pecial typç ofahenalfn is
ATalugulat hypol,'iich
Waed ineionoico.
idely
A
Agennal fuom ofrctanglar
wypesca io given ay
ya &6 y
hyota nen platted
Aretagulororechea inefnitel along
achea bothte
agpo
t edteuchea ony
both-th akes.
osthte
aKeo bnt navor cuts
ofthem,
Eponenh Funcien
alyebi funcie,inich-he independetVariase
Non- Caf-funchin parueter,
expenet attach to atme
ppears ass an asl Let a <I,ay -2
to avoinag
Deivathe ot a funchen
conept of defvatve'giyeo
deendent variable
The change ofthe vasiabe ia veny
theval bt endt
hhen caange fnthe înaley
We men he
vaDable
' of a variable wh raet
o tthe
deAyta
mtte Value
ChangeIniiae Value
do, cAnge
Let iniial alue ..
tte li of chavye
y=yo = f ) chaye inx
in y uto
de AY >Smauchay
cange
(hen sali of
meannnthe chane
unit change
y-e ft)-f f(Ro+)-ffro)
ttth epettogensrally
The deñvative of y f
denoted ey
Y-fatsx) ft)
f'o - y
n’o
f(xth)fy
fndingte deívahue
Thio pro carnof
diffesenti afien.
ra sather lt indicaleg
a atio,
The notaien ey doennot intiCale yy.
olaier apsntien
on
atunchonae
4 Geemetrical Intefpetation of Deivative.
akina,-the divative of a-funciez
Gcemehically spe concesned urve.
lont the aloe of the
othing
Let thetis yfty
Let p and Q be tuo
point enthis funtion.
Necatom thepeint
R
inceanetm N
buppoe
Xo
Xo
hen as asrult, y
ho changedf m d eget
o-the cuNe,
ptint P to
tan
rallot Chanseofy int6eAe
ofthe line f& (PB).
Thus tna the tope pontpto &i
mowo tonro
apL polnt & PRi
=ton 1
Ne decKea
P.
tto P,
aehoSteepor lines. andthe
ao Qappro
T sshos teepr vd emesngeuttpotntP.
This
cotncide otth P
and ont peint almat
4xo
hen 42>0, eat ae
P8 i i
Pg
chordisthetagent oftheane MN M aten &
MS
if 4 sop e atpointP
lope oftae cunNz
ent
t a g t nt pent
'p' ’
ic atually the
a MN 1s funeim peint
ata that point.
of
dexivative ofhefuntion t
Thus, theofhe slope fmtion y frit Conetnt
Voe
Denivalive of a Rineer desolesane
funchon tie
-fora non-tinear
ditevent Voluesofx,
dferent for
8)
Ruleoat ifeaukakm
1. ifeoanti aton t a Constauttu.
0.
Benhation fa poner funchon
2. bife
Xh
y
n-1
w, n X
ditfeohiatien
of
3. Sun ue ()
if
diffesenti ain
ifeTene le of h)
4. ftx)= a()-
difereutiafin
Quotet ruleof4()
S.
)
(2)4y- 4)9 )
4
uleof siferantiatin
6. ut ¢). )
1f yft)= 4. y'()
:f')= 42).Y) +
2. Chain Pale 1f f ) 4y 4 )
y= 2Z
. dy y34)-)
2 4y+34). 2
- 68y + 6 8 ’ 68 (27)+6
beond and tigher dor De ivativeo
Lt Stst th an ckample, Hheu au eutoepreneur hosto
cmey lalorithe podeetion qrowoo he hasto
Jhkr he euploy Kalour ntall?
how uch kalor
1f he emptoys, how
he silll| ehioy?
voil! eployit he
For queton the atopienr eryoymet
fomthe nditinal
MavginaL Tetusu Lat >o.
1s pusihve Maginal aductuý t
ooduehrn fnis 2-f()
Let the kaser if A4O.
andtie
entsepreneur il Keepemeying
emplomao
For queton )he fmmte
habornthe marinal setum
ndaitional employ met eny
otaining
ot chanr oddiirhal auplbyment
oloymentHt
He aill retuna from
3hea maginal
se of
eao, ie hen
as employment in doivatie, ot z{().
) secnd Gde
funchon cau enyle obfained
HRgheY osder deivtie bt funchin ae Cen inuonly
# heñVativeo ofthe
if auccecsie
oitentiable,
(10
Let yt),
The vauof f() at point grtiut uf the
-the trnget tough
if 4'(a) >o Ct za inceeaes
curne fa)
7 the a
funchion
/Aec eaing
monotnácally in(reasing aL .
piive/negativee for
aretiouot
fz) inÍCales he
desiahveinlicales
-fst otor
7 The o t i h a chang ein Raten t chage sle,
Chanye (t iil
will the inesening
Now-the qutionk, in ? I:ituVature o fthe
Change
of fta)Talowtth a deceaing ale aro here.
Constaut o
deivaiva py
Seenol osder ineeaning/
f) deseningata
The
7ine aninynle
incuaanirg t
jAecsaaningCuve
i
> )constotsal linear
{ ) is incseaning/decse aing at
(e)f") <o
(^),
JNCTIONNS oof SEVeRAL VARI ABLES
y4 (a,
upon tooindipensant
vaeof
VaviaLes
y
yApens
dpens
'and
katial
Deivalivn
Tote
e latfae Deivaive ticrialt-fncion heu ouly ol
ofa allaneto change)
tis denjatie
Conilant.
emahingy 4
oud eny 4 change
Consfntat
Let f(4,x)
paia dehvontivee
deutedy
(otal Diffesental
Comaiden a fu y f , )
funcio We
difteskntial of thio Rueto a
Poy totl thetotal Chage y
of hen are
weaure y aud eah other,
Change in both 'mdeponet of
dy
dy t dyt
Changeir y. in
eto Change
Chanyein Y
deto changen