PRODUCT MANUAL

Spectrum Series
High-Speed Anti-Aliased Analog Input
Modules for Spectral Analysis

Revision: 03/2025
Copyright © 2024 – 2025
Campbell Scientific, Inc.
Please read first
About this manual
Please note that this manual was produced by Campbell Scientific Inc. primarily for the North
American market. Some spellings, weights and measures may reflect this. In addition, while most
of the information in the manual is correct for all countries, certain information is specific to the
North American market and so may not be applicable to European users. Differences include the
U.S. standard external power supply details where some information (for example the AC
transformer input voltage) will not be applicable for British/European use. Please note, however,
that when a power supply adapter is ordered from Campbell Scientific it will be suitable for use in
your country.

Reference to some radio transmitters, digital cell phones and aerials (antennas) may also not be
applicable according to your locality. Some brackets, shields and enclosure options, including
wiring, are not sold as standard items in the European market; in some cases alternatives are
offered.

Recycling information for countries subject to WEEE regulations 2012/19/EU

At the end of this product’s life it should not be put in commercial or domestic refuse
but sent for recycling. Any batteries contained within the product or used during the
products life should be removed from the product and also be sent to an appropriate
recycling facility, per The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
Regulations 2012/19/EU. Campbell Scientific can advise on the recycling of the
equipment and in some cases arrange collection and the correct disposal of it,
although charges may apply for some items or territories. For further support, please
contact Campbell Scientific, or your local agent.
Table of contents
1. Introduction 1

2. Precautions 1

3. Initial inspection 1

4. Measurement quickstart using SURVEYOR 2

5. Programming quickstart using SURVEYOR 5

6. Specifications 5
6.1 Measurements 6
6.1.1 Analog inputs 6
6.1.2 Analog range and resolution 7
6.1.3 Anti-aliasing filters 8
6.1.4 Excitations 8
6.2 System 9
6.2.1 Communications 9
6.2.2 Hardware 10
6.2.3 Power requirements 10
6.2.4 Compliance 10
6.2.5 Physical attributes 11

7. Overview 11

8. EPI and CPI networks 11

8.1 EPI basics 12
8.2 CPI basics 12

9. Measurement channels 13
9.1 Wiring panel overview 13
9.2 Analog inputs 14
9.3 Ground 15
9.4 Excitation 15
9.5 Anti-aliasing 16
9.6 Synchronization 18
9.7 Measurement speed and filter options 18

Table of Contents - i
 9.7.1 Example to determine measurement speed based on filter option 19
9.8 Real-time-FFT 20

10. Data logger programming 20

10.1 Programming with Surveyor 20
10.2 Programming with CRBasic 20

11. High-speed data management 21

11.1 FTP streaming example: 22

12. Installation 22
12.1 Physical deployment 23
12.2 Install driver for computer connection 24
12.3 Operating systems 24
12.4 Configuring Spectrum 24
12.4.1 Configuring with SURVEYOR 25
12.4.2 Configuring with the CPIAddModule() instruction 25
12.4.3 Configuring with Device Configuration Utility 25
12.4.4 Configuring with CPIStatus table 26
12.5 Data logger connection 26
12.6 Power connection 27
12.6.1 Power-up sequence 27
12.7 Earth ground connection 27
12.8 Mounting in an enclosure 27

13. Maintenance and calibration 29

14. Troubleshooting 29
14.1 CPIStatus and EPIStatus tables 30
14.2 COMM status LED 32
14.3 CPI port LEDs 32
14.4 EPI port LEDs 32
14.5 Replacing a GRANITE Measurement Module 33

Table of Contents - ii
1. Introduction
The Spectrum series is designed for high-speed analog measurements with features tailored for
spectral analysis applications. Key features include anti-alias filtering, synchronous sampling
across all analog input channels, and real-time fast Fourier transforms (FFT). Each analog input
channel has dedicated hardware, including amplifiers, filters, and analog-to-digital controllers
(ADCs), rather than the multiplexed-input approach found in traditional data loggers.
The Spectrum 103 and Spectrum 109 are the same hardware design with 3 or 9 input channels,
respectively. The multiples of 3 channels make the Spectrum well-suited for 3-axis
accelerometers and strain gages. Throughout this manual, Spectrum refers to both models,
unless specified.

2. Precautions
l READ AND UNDERSTAND the Safety section at the back of this manual.
l WARNING:
o Protect from over-voltage
o Protect from water
o Protect from ESD (electrostatic discharge)

l IMPORTANT: Maintain a level of calibration appropriate to the application. Campbell

Scientific recommends factory recalibration of the Spectrum every three years.

3. Initial inspection
l Inspect the packaging and contents for damage immediately. File damage claims with the
shipping company.

Spectrum 1
 l Check packaging materials for all products. Check model numbers, part numbers, product
descriptions, and cable lengths against shipping documents. Model or part numbers are
found on each product. Cable numbers are normally found at the end of the cable that
connects to the measurement device. Check that expected cable lengths were received.
Contact Campbell Scientific immediately if you find any discrepancies.
l Check the operating system version in the Spectrum, and the data logger. Update as
needed. See Operating systems (p. 24).
l For more information on accessing the calibration certificate watch a video at
[Link]/videos/calibration-certs .

4. Measurement quickstart
using SURVEYOR
Campbell Scientific SURVEYOR software is an easy way to quickly see measurement results and
store data from the Spectrum. The module configuration can be saved on the computer or
exported as a CRBasic data logger program. SURVEYOR is available as a download from
[Link]/cs-surveyor . A video tutorial is available at
[Link]/videos/surveyor .
This section will guide you through reading a differential Type-T thermocouple on a Spectrum.
With minor changes, these steps can apply to other compatible measurements.

1. Open SURVEYOR .
2. Connect a USB cable between your computer and the Spectrum USB port.
3. Apply 10 to 30 VDC external power using the green Power connector on the side of the
Spectrum.
4. Select Connect Now .
5. Select the communications port; it will be labeled similar to Spectrum (COM3).

Spectrum 2
6. Make selections for Mode, Data Type, and CDM Address Type. For this exercise, select
normal Mode. See the SURVEYOR help for more information on all settings.

7. Click APPLY.
8. Select a SAMPLE RATE. For this exercise, select 10 Hz.
9. ADD MEASUREMENT(s). For this exercise, add a Spectrum Voltage Measurement on
VOLTFILT1. Insert the sensor into Terminal 1 on the Spectrum.

Spectrum 3
10. Complete the rest of the form and APPLY to save the configuration.

11. Check the resulting measurements in the numeric and graphic displays.

12. Click START STORING DATA . While data is being stored, the options to stop
and pause data storage become available.

Spectrum 4
5. Programming quickstart
using SURVEYOR
Campbell Scientific SURVEYOR is an easy way to generate a simple CRBasic program for your
Spectrum Campbell Scientific data acquisition system.

1. Configure the Spectrum for measurements, see Measurement quickstart using SURVEYOR
(p. 2).
2. Select File > Export Datalogger Program then select the data logger you will be connecting
the Spectrum to. For this example, we'll select GRANITE 9.

3. By default, the CRBasic program will be saved in

C:\Users\username\Documents\SURVEYOR.

6. Specifications
All Spectrum units meet electrical specifications in a temperature range of –40 to 70 °C, non-
condensing environment. Specifications given are assumed to be valid over this full temperature
range unless otherwise noted. Recommended calibration interval is every three years.

Spectrum 5
 6.1 Measurements
6.1.1 Analog inputs 6
6.1.2 Analog range and resolution 7
6.1.3 Anti-aliasing filters 8
6.1.4 Excitations 8

6.1.1 Analog inputs

Terminals
SPECTRUM103: 3 Differential V in, 3 Excitation
SPECTRUM109: ±9 Differential V in, 9 Excitation
Common-mode input voltage (mV): ±10000, ±5000, ±1000, ±200
Common-mode input voltage: ±15 VDC
Absolute max input voltage: ±16 VDC
A/D converters: 32-bit SAR-ADCs
Measurement accuracy @ 20 °C ±(0.04% of Reading ± 130 μV)1
Input resistance: 80 MΩ
Input time constant: 230 ns
Input offset current: 5 nA typical, max @ 50 °C
1 Accuracy specification does not include sensor error or measurement noise.

Spectrum 6
 6.1.2 Analog range and resolution
Table 6-1: Sample ratio 20: signal to noise ratio (SNR) and effective resolution (ER)
Sample
200 mV 1000 mV 5000 mV 10000 mV
ratio = 20
Sample
SNR dB ER bits SNR dB ER bits SNR dB ER bits SNR dB ER bits
rate
1 132.6 22.0 133.6 22.2 135.1 22.4 141.2 23.4
10 130.7 21.7 134.2 23.3 134.5 22.3 140.3 23.3
100 131.5 21.8 135.3 22.5 135.6 22.5 139.2 23.1
1000 129.1 21.4 132.8 22.1 133.7 22.2 136.9 22.7
10000 121.6 20.2 127.3 21.2 128.4 21.3 130.6 21.7

Table 6-2: Sample ratio 4: signal to noise ratio (SNR) and effective resolution (ER)
Sample
200 mV 1000 mV 5000 mV 10000 mV
ratio = 4
Sample
SNR dB ER bits SNR dB ER bits SNR dB ER bits SNR dB ER bits
rate
1 126.9 21.1 134.1 22.3 136.2 22.6 140.4 23.3
10 127.6 21.2 133.7 22.2 136.0 22.6 139.9 23.2
100 129.0 21.4 133.7 22.2 135.4 22.5 138.3 23.0
1000 126.0 20.9 131.6 21.9 132.5 22.0 135.0 22.4
10000 118.1 19.6 124.8 20.7 125.8 20.9 127.6 21.2

Spectrum 7
 6.1.3 Anti-aliasing filters
Output sample rate (f samp): 1 to 10,000 sps
Sample ratio (f_samp/f_pass): 4 or 20 (user selected)
End of the pass band (f_pass): (f_samp/4) or (f_samp/20)
Beginning of the pass band (f_stop): (f_samp/2) or (f_samp/3.3)
Pass band ripple: <0.01 dB
Digital filter stop band attenuation: -90 dB or (1/32000)
Digital filter group delay: 12/f_samp seconds
Analog filter pass band flatness: <0.005 dB ( direct current (0 to 3 kHz)
Analog filter group delay: 66 ±1 µs (0 to 3 kHz)
Linear phase response: group delay is independent of signal
frequency
Ch-Ch sampling simultaneity: ± 10 ns
Module to Module sampling simultaneity over
EPI: ± 100 ns

6.1.4 Excitations
10V excitation: Nominal output: 10,000±5 mV (1 kΩ load)
Load regulation: (350 Ω): 0.005% typical (@25°C relative to 1 kΩ load)
Load regulation: (120 Ω): 0.02% typical (@25°C relative to 1 kΩ load)
Max output current: > 100 mA
5V excitation: Nominal output: 5000±5 mV (1 kΩ load)
Load regulation: 0.005% typical (@25°C relative to 1 kΩ load)
Load regulation: 0.02% typical (@25°C relative to 1 kΩ load)
Max output current: > 100 mA
10 mA excitation: Nominal output: 10±0.05 mA (1 kΩ load)
Load regulation: 0.1% typical (@25°C relative to 1 kΩ load)
Load regulation: (120 Ω): 0.02% typical (@25°C relative to 1 kΩ load)
Max output voltage: > 12 V

Spectrum 8
 NOTE:
For bridge measurements, excitation error is canceled out due to the internal ratiometric
relationship between the excitation and the input measurement and is corrected with internal
calibration. This advantage is realized when the excitation is utilized as part of the integrated
CRBasic bridge measurement process. Consequently, excitation accuracy error can be
disregarded and should not be included in the calculation of total error alongside input
measurement accuracy error. Instead, refer only to the specified input measurement accuracy
when performing bridge measurements.

6.2 System
6.2.1 Communications 9
6.2.2 Hardware 10
6.2.3 Power requirements 10
6.2.4 Compliance 10
6.2.5 Physical attributes 11

6.2.1 Communications
USB: USB micro-B device only, 2.0 full-speed 12 Mbps, for computer connection.
EPI: Campbell Scientific proprietary interface based on Ethernet and the IEEE 1588 Precision
Time Protocol. Provides data communications and device synchronization between
Campbell Scientific data loggers, sensors, and GRANITE Modules.
Data logger compatibility: GRANITE 9, 10
EPI max number of Spectrum devices: 10
EPI max measurement sample rate: 10k sample/sec (using subscans)
EPI max sampling synchronization: 50 ns
EPI max data bit rate: 100 Mbps
EPI max cable length: 100 meters (328 feet) between modules
CPI: CPI works well for slower measurements ( < 1,000 Hz) with a single Spectrum module.
Campbell Scientific proprietary interface based on the CAN 2.0 and RS-485 standards.
Data logger compatibility: GRANITE 9, GRANITE 10, GRANITE 6, CR6, CR1000X
CPI max number of devices: 1
CPI max measurement sample rate: 1000 samples/sec (no subscan option)
CPI max data bit rate: 1000 kbps

Spectrum 9
 CPI max total cable length: 850 meters (2800 feet)1
1
See Designing Physical Network Layouts for the CPI Bus .

6.2.2 Hardware
Processor: Digital Signal Processor 32-bit with floating point units
Processor speed: 400 MHz
Memory: 128 MB SRAM
Onboard oscillator accuracy: ± 50 ppm (-10 to 60°C), active when module is not connected to
EPI
EPI master clock accuracy: ± 25 ppm (-40 to 85°C), active when module is connected to EPI

6.2.3 Power requirements

Voltage: 10 to 30 VDC

Table 6-3: Typical current drain

Model Power supply
@24V
@12V without @12V with @24V with
without
excitation excitation excitation
excitation
310 mA 310 mA + 3.3 *sensor_ 190 mA + 1.7 *sensor_
103 190 mA
typical current current
680 mA 680 mA + 3.3 *sensor_ 360 mA + 1.7 *sensor_
109 360 mA
typical current current

NOTE:
Power consumption is independent of measurement speed.

6.2.4 Compliance
View EU Declarations of Conformity at [Link]/spectrum .

Spectrum 10
 6.2.5 Physical attributes
Dimensions: 21.6 x 13.7 x 7.6 cm (8.5 x 5.4 x 3.0 in); additional clearance
required for cables and wires
Weight: 1.6 kg (3.53 lb)
Operating temperature: –40 to 70 °C
Storage temperature: –55 to 85 °C
Passive heat sink thermal
resistance w/o air gap: Max 0.35 °C/W
Air gap clearance for operation
w/o heatsink: Min 4 inches
IP rating: IP20
Humidity: 0 to 99% Non-condensing
Sensor terminal wire gage: 16-28 AWG
Power terminal wire gage: 2-24 AWG

7. Overview
The Spectrum is a 3 or 9 channel analog-input module that includes programmable anti-alias
filtering and DC excitation. The program scan interval determines the filter module output
interval. Data is passed from the filter module to the data loggers CPU over the Ethernet
Peripheral Interface (EPI) or CAN Peripheral Interface (CPI) bus for processing and final storage at
this scan interval. The filter module collects alias-free, 10-kHz samples from each of its 3 or 9
analog-to-digital converters, applies additional real-time, finite-impulse-response filtering, and
down-samples the 10-kHz data to the programmed scan rate.
The Spectrum is compatible with any EPI or CPI-enabled data logger, such as the GRANITE 10,
GRANITE 9, GRANITE 6, CR6 and CR1000X.

8. EPI and CPI networks

GRANITE 9 and GRANITE 10 data loggers support EPI networks. EPI is the preferred Spectrum-to-
data logger connection due to multi-module support, superior time synchronization between

Spectrum 11
modules (with a precision of 50 ns compared to 100 μs for EPI vs CPI, respectively), and higher
data transfer rates than those achievable with a CPI network.
Data loggers such as the GRANITE6, CR6, or CR1000X do not support EPI, but can connect to a
Spectrum using their CPI bus. A CPI network works well for slower measurements (less than 1,000
Hz) with a single Spectrum module.

NOTE:
When a Spectrum is on a CPI network, no other CPI devices can be present.

8.1 EPI basics

l GRANITE 9 and GRANITE 10 data loggers support one EPI network with two EPI ports
l EPI networks offer 100 times greater throughput than CPI networks
l Module-to-module synchronization is on the order of 1000 times better compared to CPI
synchronization (100 ns for EPI vs. 100 μs for CPI)
l In a EPI network, devices are daisy-chained with a 100-meter (328 feet) cable limit between
devices
l Each Spectrum features two EPI ports for signal reception and renewal, facilitating network
expansion by up to 100 meters between modules
l A maximum of 10 EPI modules can be connected in a single EPI network
l When using multiple Spectrums on an EPI network, assign a unique EPI address (1-120) to
each module
l Monitor EPI network capacity in the host data loggers CPIStatus and EPIStatus tables (p. 30)

CAUTION:
A CPI terminator should never be used in an EPI network.

8.2 CPI basics

l Only one Spectrum can be on a CPI network
l A CPI terminator may improve network performance
l The CPI network speed can be optimized for data speed or cable distance

Spectrum 12
 l The CPI Calculator (a downloadable Excel file from the Spectrum web page on the
Campbell Scientific web site ) can help determine CPI network capacity
l Monitor the CPI network capacity (percent) in the host data logger Status table

9. Measurement channels
Each differential channel of the Spectrum module is equipped with an identical set of 5 terminals.
These are labeled Vin+, Vin–, EX, and 2 grounds. The signal paths within the Spectrum module
are carefully managed within these terminal sets. A sensor should be connected in such a way
that all the related signals are contained within a single terminal set. Bridging grounds or
excitations from neighboring terminal sets may compromise the calibration accuracy of the
measurements.
The configuration parameters (input range and excitation) can vary for each differential channel.
The only setting that is common to all channels is the sample rate and the sample ratio.

9.1 Wiring panel overview

CAUTION:
To avoid damage to sensors and devices, ensure that each removable wiring-terminal strip is
connected to the Spectrum in the proper location before applying power. Each terminal strip
is keyed identically, which allows strips to be swapped from one device to another.

Figure 9-1. Spectrum 103 wiring panel

Spectrum 13
Figure 9-2. Spectrum 109 wiring panel

Figure 9-3. Power, EPI and CPI ports view (left) and ground lug view (right)

9.2 Analog inputs

The Spectrum module is equipped with fully differential analog input terminals. These inputs are
labeled as Vin+ and Vin- and appear as a pair for each differential channel (see also Wiring panel
overview [p. 13]). In order to maintain a high input impedance, neither terminal is internally

Spectrum 14
connected to the device ground or any other reference voltage. Therefore, it is the responsibility
of the user to ensure that the input signal is biased in such a way that the common-mode input
voltage range requirement is satisfied. If the input signal is truly isolated and therefore has no
common-mode reference voltage, then the Vin- terminal can be connected to a ground terminal
with a jumper wire to ensure common-mode range compliance.
The voltage inputs have true bipolar input capability. Firstly, this means the inputs Vin+ and Vin-
can vary both positively and negatively relative to one another. Secondly, it also means the
absolute voltage of either input can vary above or below the system ground voltage, provided it
remains within the common-mode input range.
The inputs are designed to accept differential signals. If a single-ended signal is to be measured,
it should be connected to the Vin+ terminal and the Vin- terminal must be externally connected
to ground by the user.
The inputs have four selectable input signal ranges. The ranges are ±200 mV, ±1000 mV, ±5000
mV, and ±10,000 mV. Best practice is to select the smallest input range that will capture the
expected full-scale range of the measured signal.

9.3 Ground
Two ground terminals are provided for each differential channel. These grounds are tied directly
to one another internally and can be used interchangeably within a channel. The grounds should
serve as the return points for the excitation signal and for the shield wire of the sensor cable.
Additionally, they can be manually jumpered to the Vin- terminal for single-ended or isolated
input signals.

9.4 Excitation
Each differential channel has an excitation terminal labeled EX. This terminal can be used as
either a calibrated excitation for a resistive bridge measurement or as a general voltage source
for powering an amplified sensor. Each excitation terminal has four settings:

1. Off. The terminal stays in a high-impedance state

2. 5 V. This is a constant voltage source set to 5 V. The excitation can source up to 100 mA at
this voltage
3. 10 V. This is a constant voltage source set to 10 V. The excitation can source up to 100 mA at
this voltage
4. 10 mA. This is a constant current source set to 10 mA. The excitation can rise to as much as
12 V while maintaining this current

Spectrum 15
The absolute accuracy of an excitation voltage or current should be considered differently
depending on whether it is being used in a bridge measurement or as an independent power
source. When used as an independent power source, the accuracy given in the specification table
applies.
When the excitation is used to power a bridge sensor, the CRBasic instruction CDM_
BridgeFilt() should be used. When excitation is used with this instruction, excitation error is
canceled out due to the internal ratiometric relationship between the excitation and the input
measurement. Excitation error is also corrected with internal calibration over the full temperature
range. Thus, the excitation accuracy error can be ignored and should not be added to the input
measurement accuracy error to compute total error. Instead, refer only to the specified input
measurement accuracy when performing bridge measurements.

9.5 Anti-aliasing
Aliasing is a phenomenon that can occur whenever a discrete-time sample is taken of a
continuous-time analog signal. A basic tenet of sampling theory is that a continuous analog
signal can be sampled at a periodic rate and these samples contain enough information for the
original continuous signal to be reconstructed from the samples.
The Nyquist-Shannon Sampling Theorem instructs that for this tenet to hold true, the sample
rate must be greater than twice the frequency of the highest frequency contained in the analog
signal. If the Nyquist limit is not observed then aliasing will occur. This also suggests that the
analog signal must have a finite bandwidth or the sample rate can never be high enough to avoid
aliasing. Aliasing manifests in the reconstructed signal as information reconstructed at the wrong
frequency.
Anti-aliasing is a sampling technique that controls the bandwidth of the analog signal to ensure
aliasing does not occur. The process has three basic steps.

1. Apply a low-pass analog filter to the signal. This analog filter will have a minimum pass-
band (non-attenuated frequencies) and fairly long transition to the stop-band (fully-
attenuated frequencies).
2. Sample the filtered signal at a much higher rate than the Nyquist requirement of simply
twice the bandwidth of the pass-band.
3. Apply a digital filter to the sampled data that creates a much sharper transition from the
pass-band to the stop-band. The combination of the rate of over sampling data, combined
with the relative bandwidths of the analog and digital filters creates the special condition
called anti-aliasing. Put simply, anti-aliasing controls the bandwidth of the original signal to

Spectrum 16
 ensure that the reconstruction of the signal will not have any frequency components
represented at an incorrect frequency.

The anti-aliasing filter plays a crucial role in ensuring the fidelity of signal samples by accurately
capturing the entire frequency SPECTRUM of the original signal within the specified pass-band.
Adhering to the Nyquist theorem, the sample rate must exceed twice the signal bandwidth,
emphasizing the necessity for a rate greater than, not equal to, twice the bandwidth.
To ensure accurate signal reconstruction, it is wise to include a margin in the sample rate-to-
bandwidth ratio. By widening the gap between these values, we can more easily achieve a faithful
reconstruction of the signal. This concept is illustrated in the image provided.

Figure 9-4. Demonstration of 1000, 100, 50, and 30 samples per second of a 10 Hz sine wave

This visual representation illustrates four graphs depicting a sine wave of the same frequency,
sampled at progressively higher rates—all satisfying the Nyquist requirement.

Spectrum 17
Analogous to a reconstruction filter, the human eye exemplifies this concept. Observing the same
frequency sine wave at varying sample rates, the eye effortlessly discerns the original waveform
in higher sample rate data. It is imperative to recognize, however, that despite these perceptual
differences, all examples equally and accurately represent the original signal.
The Spectrum devices offer two ratio options: 4 and 20. The user must select the sample rate and
the oversample ratio. From these two numbers, the filtered bandwidth of the signal is
determined. For example, a sample rate of 1 kHz with an oversample ratio of 20, will have a signal
bandwidth of 1000/20=50 Hz. The same sample rate with a 4 ratio will have a signal bandwidth of
1000/4=250 Hz. The maximum output sample rate of the Spectrum is 10 kHz and the maximum
analog bandwidth is 2.5 kHz.

9.6 Synchronization
The channel-to-channel sampling synchronization within a single module is approximately
±10 ns. If the EPI bus is used to synchronize multiple modules then the module-to-module
synchronization is approximately ±50 ns.

9.7 Measurement speed and filter options

Follow these steps to select the most appropriate measurement speed and filter options. The
measurement speed is the CRBasic program Scan() rate and the filter option (FiltOpt) is a
parameter specified in the measurement instructions. See the CRBasic Help for measurement
instruction details:

1. Determine the fastest signal: Determine the highest expected frequency in the signal or
system. For example, if measuring a bridge with an expected resonant frequency of 1 to 3
Hz, consider 3 Hz as the fastest signal. Specifying a measurement frequency that
significantly exceeds the maximum bandwidth will increase noise in the signal.
2. Determine the filter option: To prevent aliasing and ensure accurate signal reconstruction,
the sample rate should be at least double the highest signal frequency (Nyquist theorem).
The filter option, available in 4 and 20, represents oversampling. Filter option 4 captures at
least 4 points within a wavelength cycle of the fastest frequency. Filter option 20 captures
20 points for a higher resolution visualization of the signal, but fundamentally does not
contain more information about a sinusoidal signal than filter option 4. Benefits of higher
resolution (filter option 20) may include a smoother wave reconstruction during post
processing or improved edge computing with a data logger program determining the
signal highs and lows.

Spectrum 18
 Figure 9-5. Filter options 4 and 20

3. Calculate the minimum sample rate (scan rate):To calculate the minimum scan rate for the
data logger program, multiply the fastest sensor or system scan rate by the selected filter
option.

9.7.1 Example to determine measurement speed based

on filter option
1. Determine the fastest frequency possible (fPass): A user wants to measure a signal and
determines the fastest frequency response possible is 25 Hz.
2. Determine the filter option: The user wants the highest fidelity signal possible to enable
edge computing in the data logger program to monitor the maximum amplitudes of the
signal. The desired Filter Option is 20.
3. Calculate the Scan rate (a.k.a. sample rate, or fSample):
Scan rate = 1/[(fPass) x (Filter Option)] = 1/[(25 Hz) x (20)] = 1/(500 Hz) = 2 mSec
In a CRBasic program, the scan rate is set using: Scan(2, msec, 1500,0).

NOTE:
In this Scan()example, the BufferOption is 1500. The scan buffer allocates extra
memory for the data logger to process incoming data while handling other tasks.
Typically, a BufferOption of 400 works well for networks operating slower than 10
Hz. A BufferOption of 1500 is recommended for networks that operate faster than
10 Hz.

Spectrum 19
 9.8 Real-time-FFT
The CRBasic instruction, CDM_FFTFilt(), passes an entire SPECTRUM for each channel to the
data logger CPU at the scan interval.
The FFT operation provides spectra from "seamless" time-series snapshots, if the scan interval is
set to the FFT length divided by the time-series sample rate. Slower SPECTRUM rates can be
selected by increasing the scan interval above this quotient.
The CRBasic instruction, FFTSample() can be used to store the current spectral components of
a source signal to a final output table.

10. Data logger programming

10.1 Programming with Surveyor
Campbell Scientific Spectrum includes a CRBasic program file generator. Programs created with
Spectrum can be sent to the data-acquisition system using LoggerNet, RTDAQ, or Device
Configuration Utility for any Campbell Scientific data logger.
See Programming quickstart using SURVEYOR (p. 5) for a Spectrum tutorial.
Complete program examples can be found at: [Link]/downloads/spectrum-
example-programs .

NOTE:
SURVEYOR is limited to programming a single GRANITE module.

10.2 Programming with CRBasic

The Spectrum is supported by these CRBasic instructions:
l CPIAddModule() – can be used to programatically configure the module.
l CDM_VoltFilt() – used to pass individual voltage measurements for each channel on a
Spectrum to the data logger CPU at the scan interval.

Spectrum 20
 l CDM_BridgeFilt() – used to make a strain gauge measurement on the Spectrum
Module. The mV/Volt output from CDM_BridgeFilt can be converted into microstrain (με)
with the StrainCalc() instruction or with the FieldCalStrain() instruction and the
LoggerNet Calibration Wizard.
l CDM_FFT_Filt() – passes an entire SPECTRUM for each channel to the data logger
CPU at the scan interval.
l FFTSample() – stores the current spectral components of a source signal.

Downloadable CRBasic program examples demonstrating the application of these instructions

are available at: [Link]/downloads/spectrum-example-programs .

NOTE:
When using a CPI or EPI device, improve data logger performance by adjusting the CRBasic
SCAN() BufferOption to approximately 400 for networks operating slower than 10 Hz and
1500 for networks faster than 10 Hz. This allocates extra memory for the data logger to
process incoming data while handling other tasks.

11. High-speed data

management
The Spectrum series is designed for high-speed, synchronous sampling of analog inputs over EPI,
resulting in large data sets. Given the rapid data collection speed of the Spectrum, a well-
thought-out data management plan is crucial. Here are some steps for effective data
management:

1. Streamline data collection: Only keep necessary data. Adjust measurement or recording
speeds to capture only needed data points without excess.
2. Use event-based triggers: Event triggers help filter and store only relevant data.
3. Implement local data processing: Employ data logger real-time tools like Rainflow
histograms, averaging, statistics, or the FFT function with the Spectrum CRBasic instruction
CDM_FFTFilt() to reduce large data volumes.
4. Use integrated Ethernet port: For high-speed applications, use the integrated data logger
Ethernet port for fast and cost-effective data transfer. Integrated Ethernet may reduce
concerns with cellular costs, Wi-Fi bandwidth, or USB throughput.

Spectrum 21
 5. Use FTP for Remote Transfers: Use FTP to send data from the data logger to a remote
server. FTP is reliable, automated, and ensures easy access to the data on a server.

11.1 FTP streaming example:

Sending data over FTP is implemented by streaming data records from local final-storage tables
with the optional FTP streaming parameters of the FTPClient() instruction. See the CRBasic
Help for details. Also, see the Data Streaming application note. The example code below
demonstrates configuring data streaming with the FTPClient() instruction:
'FTP streaming information
Const FTP-site = "[Link]"
Const User = "User@[Link]"
Const PW = "UserPassWord"
Const Destination-Directory = "SPECTRUM Data/UserDirectory/"

'Public Variables
Dim TStamp As String *22
Public FTP_result
Public LastSentRecord As String *22
'Data Tables
DataTable (Static_AND_Temp, True, -1) ' Combined static strain and temperature
table for FTPing
DataInterval (0,1,Sec,10)
Sample (8,StaticStrain_1(),IEEE4)
...
...
...
EndTable
'Measurement and processing instructions
...
...
...
SlowSequence
Scan (1,hr, 0,0)
TStamp = Mid ([Link](5,1),1,16)
'Stream data from local Final storage table to FTP server
FTP_result = FTPClient (FTP-site,User,PW,"Static_AND_Temp", Destination-
Directory & "1085_STATIC_AND_TEMP_",2,0,0,hr,8)
If FTP_result = -1 Then LastSentRecord = TStamp
NextScan
EndProg

12. Installation
Preconfigure and test stations in an indoor location before doing the field installation.

Spectrum 22
After installing a field station, wait long enough to confirm good measurements are being made,
data is collected by the data logger, and data from the data logger can be copied to a computer.

12.1 Physical deployment 23

12.2 Install driver for computer connection 24
12.3 Operating systems 24
12.4 Configuring Spectrum 24
12.5 Data logger connection 26
12.6 Power connection 27
12.7 Earth ground connection 27
12.8 Mounting in an enclosure 27

12.1 Physical deployment

The GRANITE series, including the Spectrum, can be mounted in a standard environmental
enclosure, distributed across a site in different enclosures, or in a GRANITE Chassis. The GRANITE
Chassis is a rugged housing offering portability or a mounting option in a server cabinet.

Figure 12-1. GRANITE modules installed in a GRANITE Chassis

Modules may be connected in an enclosure or between multiple enclosures using an EPI

network.

Spectrum 23
Figure 12-2. Spectrum modules daisy chained on GRANITE 9 EPI network

12.2 Install driver for computer connection

SURVEYOR automatically installs the required drivers. See: Measurement quickstart using
SURVEYOR (p. 2). When SURVEYOR is not used, the device driver must be installed before
connecting to the Spectrum via USB for the first time.
To install the device driver using Device Configuration Utility, select Granite > Spectrum. Click
Install USB Driver and follow the prompts.

TIP:
Driver installation is optional for computers running Windows 10 and later.

12.3 Operating systems

Campbell Scientific posts operating system (OS) updates at [Link]/downloads
when they become available. Before deploying instruments, check OS versions and update as
needed to the most recent version. Use the Device Configuration Utility and follow the
procedures on the Send OS tab.

NOTE:
It is strongly advised that all devices (data logger and measurement modules) in an EPI or CPI
network use the most recently released operating system for each device.

12.4 Configuring Spectrum

The Spectrum arrives ready to be connected to a system with a default CPI or EPI address of 1.
Device configuration is only required when multiple GRANITE Measurement Modules are
connected to a single data logger. Each module must have a unique CPI address. Set a unique
device name for further distinction between GRANITE Measurement Modules.

Spectrum 24
Configure the Spectrum using one of four methods: through SURVEYOR, the CPIAddModule()
program instruction, Device Configuration Utility software, or the CPIStatus table.

12.4.1 Configuring with SURVEYOR

Modules are automatically configured when connected to SURVEYOR. SURVEYOR sets the
module EPI or CPI address to 1 and uses the device type and serial number to generate and
assign a device name such as ‘SPECTRUM-1234’.
For more information see Measurement quickstart using SURVEYOR (p. 2).

12.4.2 Configuring with the CPIAddModule() instruction

To configure a Spectrum within a program, use the CPIAddModule() instruction. A separate
instruction is used for each device. The CPIAddModule() instruction overrides settings entered
by other means, such as Device Configuration Utility or the CPIStatus table.

CPIAddModule(CDMType, CDMSerialNo, CDMDeviceName, CPIAddress)

The data logger creates an internal list of CPI modules from each CPIAddModule() instruction.
Modules added to the CPI bus will be checked against this list and reconfigured accordingly.

NOTE:
The CPIAddModule() instruction overrides changes made through SURVEYOR, Device
Configuration Utility or the CPIStatus table.

12.4.3 Configuring with Device Configuration Utility

Install the device driver before connecting the Spectrum to a computer. This is optional for
Windows 10, or later, operating systems.

1. Open Device Configuration Utility.

2. Under Device Type, select Granite > Spectrum.
3. Carefully review the Connecting with USB Instructions text provided on the right.
4. Apply 10 to 30 VDC to the power terminals on the device.
5. With the USB device driver installation complete, connect the supplied USB cable between
the USB port on your computer and the USB port on the Spectrum.
6. Select Direct under Connection Type.
7. Under Communication Port, select the port labeled Spectrum.

Spectrum 25
 8. Click OK.
9. Click Connect then OK to avoid conflicts.
10. Set the Device Name (optional) and the CPI Address or EPI Address.
a. Device Name is a user-editable field to set a unique name to the Spectrum. The
default name is SPECTRUM.
b. CPI Address or EPI Address specifies the address of the Spectrum. Each GRANITE
Measurement Module connected to the same data logger must have a unique
address. By default, the Spectrum uses a CPI or EPI Address address of 1. Allowable
addresses are 1 through 120.
11. Click APPLY to save your changes.

12.4.4 Configuring with CPIStatus table

When a GRANITE Measurement Module is used in a program, the data logger adds a CPIStatus
table to display current CPI information. View the CPIStatus table in the LoggerNet Connect
screen, or Device Configuration Utility Data Monitor tab. Information about each module
included in the data logger program or connected to the CPI bus appears in the CPIStatus table
within the ModuleInfo() array. Information is shown in the following order:

GRANITE Measurement Module Type, Serial Number, Device Name, CPI Address, Activity,
CDM OS Version

Within the ModuleInfo() array index string, the Device Name and CPI Address fields can be
edited. This provides a way to rename and readdress a Spectrum through Campbell Scientific
software without editing the CRBasic program or connecting directly to the USB port.
See CPIStatus and EPIStatus tables (p. 30) for additional information.

12.5 Data logger connection

Spectrum devices communicate with a data logger through a CPI or EPI port. Each Spectrum
ships with a 6-inch RJ45 cable for this connection, though any CAT5e or better, RJ45 cable can be
used. To allow daisy-chaining, two CPI and two EPI ports are available on the Spectrum. The CPI
or EPI port on the Spectrum connects directly to the CPI or EPI port on a GRANITE 9 or GRANITE
10 data logger. The CR1000X, CR6, and GRANITE 6 do not have an EPI port, so the Spectrum
connects to their CPI port.

Spectrum 26
 12.6 Power connection
Connect the power supply to the removable Power connector on the side of the Spectrum.
Power supplies providing voltages from 10 to 30 VDC may be used.
l While the input power requirements of Campbell Scientific instruments vary, there is one
constant – they all run on 12 VDC. To keep things simple, we only discuss the use of 12 VDC
power supplies in this manual.
l Do not connect energized wires to an instrument. All connections discussed assume de-
energized wires. Switch off power supplies before making connections.
l Double check the polarity of connections before switching on power supplies.

12.6.1 Power-up sequence

Best practice is to start all instruments in a station simultaneously from a single power supply. If
this is not possible, first turn on Spectrums and then the data logger. This procedure will reduce
the time required to synchronize the CPI bus.
See COMM status LED (p. 32) for more information.

12.7 Earth ground connection

Earth grounding provides protection from static discharge, transients, and power surges. A
ground lug is provided on the Spectrum for connection to earth ground, see Wiring panel
overview (p. 13). At a minimum, 14 AWG ground wire is recommended. The earth side of the
connection should be connected to a grounding rod or other grounded device.

12.8 Mounting in an enclosure

Campbell Scientific data loggers and GRANITE Measurement Module brackets have mounting
holes through which small screws are inserted into nylon anchors in an enclosure backplate.

Spectrum 27
Figure 12-3. Enclosure backplate mounting

If mounting to a DIN rail, use the GRANITE-series DIN-Rail Kit as shown in the following images.

Figure 12-4. GRANITE DIN-Rail Mounting Kit

Spectrum 28
Figure 12-5. DIN rail mounting

13. Maintenance and calibration

l Protect the Spectrum from humidity and moisture.
l Send to Campbell Scientific for factory calibration every three years.

If sending the Spectrum to Campbell Scientific for calibration or repair, consult first with a
Campbell Scientific representative. If the Spectrum is malfunctioning, be prepared to perform
some troubleshooting procedures with Campbell Scientific. Many problems can be resolved with
a conversation. If calibration or repair is needed, the procedure shown in Assistance should be
followed when sending the product.

14. Troubleshooting
1. Check the voltage of the power source at the Power connector. It should be between 10
and 30 VDC.
2. Check wires and cables for the following:
l Loose connection points
l Faulty connectors
l Cut wires
l Damaged insulation, which allows water to migrate into the cable. Water, whether or
not it comes in contact with wire, can cause system failure. Water may increase the
dielectric constant of the cable sufficiently to impede sensor signals, or it may
migrate into the sensor, which will damage sensor electronics.

Spectrum 29
 3. Check the CRBasic program. Verify enough data logger memory has been allocated for
real-time data buffering. Typically, a Scan() BufferOption of 400 works well for networks
operating slower than 10 Hz. A BufferOption of 1500 is recommended for networks that
operate faster than 10 Hz. Create a simplified version of the program, or break it up into
multiple smaller units to test individually. For example, if a sensor signal-to-data conversion
is faulty, create a program that only measures that sensor and stores the data, absent from
all other inputs and data. Write these mini-programs before going to the field, if possible.
4. Verify each Spectrum in the network has a unique EPI or CPI address.
5. Check the data logger and Spectrum operating system and update them as needed.
6. Check the scan rate is long enough for the measurement time. The data logger compiler
often catches scan rates that are too fast.
7. If using CPI, ensure the CPI network bit rate is fast enough for the data generated and that
it can accommodate the cable lengths in use.

14.1 CPIStatus and EPIStatus tables

Information in the CPIStatus and EPIStatus tables, located in the data logger, helps in
troubleshooting.

Figure 14-1. CPIStatus table

Spectrum 30
Figure 14-2. EPIStatus table

The ModuleInfo() array shows the following information:

Module Type, Serial Number, Device Name, CPI Address, Activity, Operating System Version
The activity entry in the ModuleInfo() index shows the current state of the module. Possible
activity entries and their meanings are shown in the following table. The device serial number is
displayed after the activity entry.

Table 14-1: CPIStatus and EPIStatus activity

Response Meaning
The module is connected to the CPI bus and is making measurements
Active
according to the data logger program.
Offline The module was present after startup but is no longer responding.
The module is or was connected and powered but is not included in the data
Unused
logger program.
The module has not yet responded to the attempts of a data logger to
Wait Config
configure it.
The module could not be configured. A configuration error message is
Config Fail
appended to this response.

Spectrum 31
 14.2 COMM status LED
The COMM status LED indicates the current operation of the Spectrum, as shown in the following
table.

Table 14-2: COMM Status LED Activity

Module has been configured by data logger and is receiving sync
Green Flashing
signals
Orange Flashing Device has not been configured by data logger
Single-Flash Device has been configured but is not receiving sync signals
Double-
Red Device has encountered a scan timeout
Flash
Solid Error

14.3 CPI port LEDs

Green and Orange LEDs on the CPI bus indicate the current operation of the CPI bus as shown in
the following table.

Table 14-3: CPI port LED activity

Green Flashing Frame sync
Flash CPI activity
Orange
Solid CPI bus fault

14.4 EPI port LEDs

The EPI LEDs are controlled by the Ethernet chip and indicate activity.

Table 14-4: EPI port LED activity

Solid Valid Ethernet link
Yellow None Invalid Ethernet link
Flashing Ethernet activity
Solid 100 Mbps link
Green
None 10 Mbps link

Spectrum 32
 14.5 Replacing a GRANITE Measurement Module
An existing Spectrum can be replaced with a new module using the same CPI or EPI address
without requiring a change to the program.

Spectrum 33
Limited warranty
Covered equipment is warranted/guaranteed against defects in materials and workmanship
under normal use and service for the period listed on your sales invoice or the product order
information web page. The covered period begins on the date of shipment unless otherwise
specified. For a repair to be covered under warranty, the following criteria must be met:
1. There must be a defect in materials or workmanship that affects form, fit, or function of the
device.
2. The defect cannot be the result of misuse.
3. The defect must have occurred within a specified period of time; and
4. The determination must be made by a qualified technician at a Campbell Scientific Service
Center/ repair facility.
The following is not covered:
1. Equipment which has been modified or altered in any way without the written permission of
Campbell Scientific.
2. Batteries; and
3. Any equipment which has been subjected to misuse, neglect, acts of God or damage in transit.
Campbell Scientific regional offices handle repairs for customers within their territories. Please
see the back page of the manual for a list of regional offices or visit
[Link]/contact to determine which Campbell Scientific office serves your
country. For directions on how to return equipment, see Assistance.
Other manufacturer's products, that are resold by Campbell Scientific, are warranted only to the
limits extended by the original manufacturer.
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS AND EXCLUDES ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Campbell Scientific hereby
disclaims, to the fullest extent allowed by applicable law, any and all warranties and conditions
with respect to the products, whether express, implied, or statutory, other than those expressly
provided herein.
Campbell Scientific will, as a default, return warranted equipment by surface carrier prepaid.
However, the method of return shipment is at Campbell Scientific's sole discretion. Campbell
Scientific will not reimburse the claimant for costs incurred in removing and/or reinstalling
equipment. This warranty and the Company’s obligation thereunder is in lieu of all other
warranties, expressed or implied, including those of suitability and fitness for a particular
purpose. Campbell Scientific is not liable for consequential damage.
In the event of any conflict or inconsistency between the provisions of this Warranty and the
provisions of Campbell Scientific’s Terms, the provisions of Campbell Scientific’s Terms shall
prevail. Furthermore, Campbell Scientific’s Terms are hereby incorporated by reference into this
Warranty. To view Terms and conditions that apply to Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT, USA, see
Terms and Conditions . To view terms and conditions that apply to Campbell Scientific offices
outside of the United States, contact the regional office that serves your country.
Assistance
Products may not be returned without prior authorization. Please inform us before returning
equipment and obtain a return material authorization (RMA) number whether the repair is under
warranty/guarantee or not. See Limited warranty for information on covered equipment.
Campbell Scientific regional offices handle repairs for customers within their territories. Please
see the back page of the manual for a list of regional offices or visit
[Link]/contact to determine which Campbell Scientific office serves your
country.
When returning equipment, a RMA number must be clearly marked on the outside of the
package. Please state the faults as clearly as possible. Quotations for repairs can be given on
request.
It is the policy of Campbell Scientific to protect the health of its employees and provide a safe
working environment. In support of this policy, when equipment is returned to Campbell
Scientific, Logan, UT, USA, it is mandatory that a “Declaration of Hazardous Material and
Decontamination” form be received before the return can be processed. If the form is not
received within 5 working days of product receipt or is incomplete, the product will be returned
to the customer at the customer’s expense. For details on decontamination standards specific to
your country, please reach out to your regional Campbell Scientific office.

NOTE:
All goods that cross trade boundaries may be subject to some form of fee (customs
clearance, duties or import tax). Also, some regional offices require a purchase order upfront
if a product is out of the warranty period. Please contact your regional Campbell Scientific
office for details.
Safety
DANGER — MANY HAZARDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INSTALLING, USING, MAINTAINING, AND WORKING ON OR AROUND TRIPODS,
TOWERS, AND ANY ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS, ETC.
FAILURE TO PROPERLY AND COMPLETELY ASSEMBLE, INSTALL, OPERATE, USE, AND MAINTAIN TRIPODS, TOWERS, AND
ATTACHMENTS, AND FAILURE TO HEED WARNINGS, INCREASES THE RISK OF DEATH, ACCIDENT, SERIOUS INJURY, PROPERTY
DAMAGE, AND PRODUCT FAILURE. TAKE ALL REASONABLE PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID THESE HAZARDS. CHECK WITH YOUR
ORGANIZATION'S SAFETY COORDINATOR (OR POLICY) FOR PROCEDURES AND REQUIRED PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PRIOR TO
PERFORMING ANY WORK.
Use tripods, towers, and attachments to tripods and towers only for purposes for which they are designed. Do not exceed design limits.
Be familiar and comply with all instructions provided in product manuals. Manuals are available at [Link] You are
responsible for conformance with governing codes and regulations, including safety regulations, and the integrity and location of
structures or land to which towers, tripods, and any attachments are attached. Installation sites should be evaluated and approved by a
qualified engineer. If questions or concerns arise regarding installation, use, or maintenance of tripods, towers, attachments, or electrical
connections, consult with a licensed and qualified engineer or electrician.
General
l Protect from over-voltage.
l Protect electrical equipment from water.
l Protect from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
l Protect from lightning.
l Prior to performing site or installation work, obtain required approvals and permits. Comply with all governing structure-height
regulations, such as those of the FAA in the USA.
l Use only qualified personnel for installation, use, and maintenance of tripods and towers, and any attachments to tripods and
towers. The use of licensed and qualified contractors is highly recommended.
l Read all applicable instructions carefully and understand procedures thoroughly before beginning work.
l Wear a hardhat and eye protection, and take other appropriate safety precautions while working on or around tripods and
towers.
l Do not climb tripods or towers at any time, and prohibit climbing by other persons. Take reasonable precautions to secure tripod
and tower sites from trespassers.
l Use only manufacturer recommended parts, materials, and tools.
Utility and Electrical
l You can be killed or sustain serious bodily injury if the tripod, tower, or attachments you are installing, constructing, using, or
maintaining, or a tool, stake, or anchor, come in contact with overhead or underground utility lines.
l Maintain a distance of at least one-and-one-half times structure height, 6 meters (20 feet), or the distance required by applicable
law, whichever is greater, between overhead utility lines and the structure (tripod, tower, attachments, or tools).
l Prior to performing site or installation work, inform all utility companies and have all underground utilities marked.
l Comply with all electrical codes. Electrical equipment and related grounding devices should be installed by a licensed and
qualified electrician.
l Only use power sources approved for use in the country of installation to power Campbell Scientific devices.
Elevated Work and Weather
l Exercise extreme caution when performing elevated work.
l Use appropriate equipment and safety practices.
l During installation and maintenance, keep tower and tripod sites clear of un-trained or non-essential personnel. Take
precautions to prevent elevated tools and objects from dropping.
l Do not perform any work in inclement weather, including wind, rain, snow, lightning, etc.
Internal Battery
l Be aware of fire, explosion, and severe-burn hazards.
l Misuse or improper installation of the internal lithium battery can cause severe injury.
 l Do not recharge, disassemble, heat above 100 °C (212 °F), solder directly to the cell, incinerate, or expose contents to
water. Dispose of spent batteries properly.
Use and disposal of batteries
l Where batteries need to be transported to the installation site, ensure they are packed to prevent the battery terminals shorting
which could cause a fire or explosion. Especially in the case of lithium batteries, ensure they are packed and transported in a way
that complies with local shipping regulations and the safety requirements of the carriers involved.
l When installing the batteries follow the installation instructions very carefully. This is to avoid risk of damage to the equipment
caused by installing the wrong type of battery or reverse connections.
l When disposing of used batteries, it is still important to avoid the risk of shorting. Do not dispose of the batteries in a fire as there
is risk of explosion and leakage of harmful chemicals into the environment. Batteries should be disposed of at registered
recycling facilities.
Avoiding unnecessary exposure to radio transmitter radiation
l Where the equipment includes a radio transmitter, precautions should be taken to avoid unnecessary exposure to radiation from
the antenna. The degree of caution required varies with the power of the transmitter, but as a rule it is best to avoid getting
closer to the antenna than 20 cm (8 inches) when the antenna is active. In particular keep your head away from the antenna. For
higher power radios (in excess of 1 W ERP) turn the radio off when servicing the system, unless the antenna is installed away from
the station, e.g. it is mounted above the system on an arm or pole.
Maintenance
l Periodically (at least yearly) check for wear and damage, including corrosion, stress cracks, frayed cables, loose cable clamps,
cable tightness, etc. and take necessary corrective actions.
l Periodically (at least yearly) check electrical ground connections.
WHILE EVERY ATTEMPT IS MADE TO EMBODY THE HIGHEST DEGREE OF SAFETY IN ALL CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS, THE
CUSTOMER ASSUMES ALL RISK FROM ANY INJURY RESULTING FROM IMPROPER INSTALLATION, USE, OR MAINTENANCE OF TRIPODS,
TOWERS, OR ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS, ETC.
Campbell Scientific Regional Offices

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