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Implicit Differentiation and Curve Analysis

He ib mathematics implicit diff questions

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
44 views26 pages

Implicit Differentiation and Curve Analysis

He ib mathematics implicit diff questions

Uploaded by

okurirem666
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

implicit diff [203 marks]

The following diagram shows part of the graph of 2x2 = sin3 y for 0 ⩽ y ⩽ π.

1a. Using implicit differentiation, find an expression for dy . [4 marks]


dx

1 5
1b. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point ( 1 , 5π ). [4 marks]
4 6

The shaded region R is the area bounded by the curve, the y-axis and the lines
y = 0 and y = π.

1c. Find the area of R. [3 marks]

2
1d. The region R is now rotated about the y-axis, through 2π radians, to [6 marks]
form a solid.
By writing sin3 y as (1 − cos2 y) sin y, show that the volume of the solid formed is

3
.

3 2 3
2. Find the coordinates of the points on the curve y 3 + 3xy 2 − x3 = 27 at [9 marks]
dy
which d
x
= 0.

πxy
The curve C is given by the equation y = x tan ( πx4 y ).

3a. At the point (1, 1) , show that dy = 2+π


. [5 marks]
dx 2−π

3b. Hence find the equation of the normal to C at the point (1, 1). [2 marks]
Consider the curves C1 and C2 defined as follows
C1 : xy = 4, x > 0
C2 : y 2 − x2 = 2, x > 0

4a. Using implicit differentiation, or otherwise, find dy for each curve in [4 marks]
dx
terms of x and y.

4b. Let P(a , b) be the unique point where the curves C1 and C2 intersect. [2 marks]
Show that the tangent to C1 at P is perpendicular to the tangent to C2 at P.
A curve C is given by the implicit equation x + y − cos (xy) = 0.

5a.
= − ( 1+x sin(xxy) ). [5 marks]
dy 1+y sin( y)
Show that d
x

=−π
The curve xy = − π2 intersects C at P and Q.

5b. Find the coordinates of P and Q. [4 marks]

5c. Given that the gradients of the tangents to C at P and Q are m 1 and [3 marks]
m 2 respectively, show that m 1 × m 2 = 1.
5d. Find the coordinates of the three points on C, nearest the origin, where [7 marks]
the tangent is parallel to the line y = −x.

6. The folium of Descartes is a curve defined by the equation [8 marks]


x3 + y 3 − 3xy = 0, shown in the following diagram.
Determine the exact coordinates of the point P on the curve where the tangent
line is parallel to the y-axis.
The curve C is defined by equation xy − ln y = 1, y > 0.

7a. Find dy in terms of x and y. [4 marks]


dx

2
7b. Determine the equation of the tangent to C at the point ( 2 , e) [3 marks]
e

2 2
Consider the curve defined by the equation 4x2 + y 2 = 7.

Find the equation of the normal to the curve at the point (1,
8a. [6 marks]
√3).
8b. Find the volume of the solid formed when the region bounded by the [3 marks]
curve, the x-axis for x ⩾ 0 and the y-axis for y ⩾ 0 is rotated through 2π
about the x-axis.

A curve has equation 3x − 2y 2 ex−1 = 2.

9a. Find an expression for dy in terms of x and y. [5 marks]


dx
9b. Find the equations of the tangents to this curve at the points where the [4 marks]
curve intersects the line x = 1.

Consider the curve, C defined by the equation y 2 − 2xy = 5 − ex . The point A lies
on C and has coordinates (0, a), a > 0.

10a. Find the value of a . [2 marks]

10b. Show that dy 2y−ex [4 marks]


dx
= 2(y−x)
.
10c. Find the equation of the normal to C at the point A. [3 marks]

10d. Find the coordinates of the second point at which the normal found in [4 marks]
part (c) intersects C.

10e. Given that v = y 3 , y > 0, find dv at x = 0. [3 marks]


dx

3 3
Consider the curve with equation x3 + y 3 = 4xy.

11a. dy 4y−3x2 [3 marks]


Use implicit differentiation to show that d
x
= 3y2−4x
.

The tangent to this curve is parallel to the x-axis at the point where x = k, k > 0.

11b. Find the value of k. [5 marks]

2
A curve is defined by xy = y 2 + 4.

12a. Show that there is no point where the tangent to the curve is [4 marks]
horizontal.

12b. Find the coordinates of the points where the tangent to the curve is [4 marks]
vertical.

2 2 π
13. A curve has equation arctan x2 + arctan y 2 = π
4
. [9 marks]
dy
(a) Find d in terms of x and y.
x
(b) Find the gradient of the curve at the point where x = 1 and y < 0.
√2

2
Consider the curve with equation (x2 + y2) = 4xy2.

14a. Use implicit differentiation to find an expression for dy . [5 marks]


dx
14b. Find the equation of the normal to the curve at the point (1, 1). [3 marks]

15. A curve has equation x3 y 2 + x3 − y 3 + 9y = 0. Find the coordinates of [7 marks]


dy
the three points on the curve where d = 0.
x

16. A curve is defined by the equation 8y ln x − 2x2 + 4y 2 = 7. Find the [7 marks]


equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where x = 1 and y > 0.
x2
The curve C is given implicitly by the equation y − 2x = ln y for y > 0.

17a. Express dy in terms of x and y. [4 marks]


d x

17b. Find the value of dy at the point on C where y = 1 and x > 0. [2 marks]
dx
Consider the curve defined by the equation x2 + sin y − xy =0.

18a. Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve at the point (π, π) . [6 marks]

18b. Hence, show that tan θ = 1 , where θ is the acute angle between the [3 marks]
1+2π
tangent to the curve at (π, π) and the line y = x .

√2 −√2
19. Show that the points (0, 0) and (√2π , −√2π) on the curve [7 marks]
e(x+y) = cos(xy) have a common tangent.

1 1 1
1 1 1
20. The point P, with coordinates (p, q) , lies on the graph of x 2 + y 2 = a 2 , [8 marks]
a>0.
The tangent to the curve at P cuts the axes at (0, m ) and (n, 0) . Show that m + n
=a.

2
21. Find the gradient of the curve exy + ln(y 2 ) + ey = 1 + e at the point (0, [7 marks]
1) .

22. Consider the curve with equation x2 + xy + y 2 = 3. [6 marks]


(a) Find in terms of k, the gradient of the curve at the point (−1, k).
(b) Given that the tangent to the curve is parallel to the x-axis at this point, find
the value of k.

3 2
23. Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve x3 y 2 = cos(πy) at the [6 marks]
point (−1, 1) .

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2020


International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®

Printed for USKUDAR AMER ACAD LIB

Common questions

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To find the equation of the tangent line where \( \frac{dy}{dx} = 0 \), solve the implicit differentiation of \( y^3 + 3xy^2 - x^3 = 27 \). From implicit differentiation, derive \( \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{3x^2 - 3y^2}{3x^2 + 6xy} \) and set this equal to zero to find the x-values. Substitute the x-values back into the original equation to find corresponding y-values, and use point-slope form for the tangent line equation .

Implicitly differentiate both curves to find their respective derivatives: for \( C_1: xy = 4 \), the derivative is \( \frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{y}{x} \), and for \( C_2: y^2 - x^2 = 2 \), it is \( \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{x}{y} \). At the intersection point P, check if the product of the slopes from \( C_1 \) and \( C_2 \) is -1, i.e. \( \left(-\frac{y}{x}\right) \left(\frac{x}{y}\right) = -1 \), confirming the tangents are perpendicular .

Under the curve's normal axis rotation, apply cylindrical shells method: find \( \int y=0^{\pi} 2\pi x(\sin^3 y)dy\). Calculate \( \int 0^{\pi} 2\pi \sin^4 y \cos y \ dy \), broken into sums of known integrals, yielding a volume calculated using precise trigonometric limits and identities .

Differentiate the equation \( x^2 + xy + y^2 = 3 \) to find \( \frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{2x + y}{x + 2y} \). For a horizontal tangent, \( \frac{dy}{dx} = 0 \), requiring \( 2x + y = 0 \). Solving \( 2x + y = 0 \) together with the original equation, there are no real solutions satisfying both, implying no point exists where a horizontal tangent can be found .

Implicit differentiation helps find where the derivative \( \frac{dy}{dx} \) is undefined or zero, indicating critical points. Differentiate the equation to obtain \( \frac{dy}{dx} \), then solve \( \frac{dy}{dx} = 0 \) or \( \frac{dy}{dx} = \pm \infty \), leading to critical points that help evaluate local maxima, minima, and inflection points in \( x^2 + \sin y - xy = 0 \).

\( \theta \) represents the angle between a tangent and the x-axis, given by \( \tan \theta = \frac{dy}{dx} \). For an implicit curve where \( \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{4y - 3x^2}{3y^2 - 4x} \), find \( \theta \) using \( \tan \theta \) formula, assessing the tangent angle, critical in determining obtuseness or acuteness relative to the x-axis .

After finding \( \frac{dy}{dx} \) for the given implicit curve, the negative reciprocal of this derivative provides the normal's slope. Suppose \( \frac{dy}{dx} = m \), then the normal has a slope of \( -\frac{1}{m} \). Using the point-slope form with a point \((x_0, y_0)\) on the curve, the equation becomes \( y - y_0 = -\frac{1}{m}(x - x_0) \).

To calculate the volume, integrate the area of the cross-sectional disks along the axis of rotation. For \( R \), bounded by \( \sin^3 y \) and \( y = 0 \), rotate about the axis forming disks: \( \int y=0^{\pi} \pi(\sin^3 y)^2 \ dy \). Solving gives the volume \( \frac{2\pi}{3}(1 - \cos^2 y)\sin y \approx 2\pi \) after evaluation .

To find \( \frac{dy}{dx} \) for the equation \( 2x^2 = \sin^3 y \), we apply implicit differentiation. Differentiating both sides with respect to \( x \) gives \( 4x = 3\sin^2 y \cos y \frac{dy}{dx} \). Solving for \( \frac{dy}{dx} \) yields \( \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{4x}{3\sin^2 y \cos y} \).

A horizontal tangent occurs when \( \frac{dy}{dx} = 0 \). For \( x^3 + y^3 - 3xy = 0 \), this occurs where the numerator of the derived implicit differentiation, \( 3x^2 - 3y^2 \), is zero. Solving \( 3x^2 - 3y^2 = 0 \) gives \( x = \pm y \). Substitute these into the original equation and solve for specific \( (x, y) \) pairs to find where horizontal tangents occur .

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