- Use cases and Performance Considerations
4. Subqueries & Nested Queries- Types: Single-row, Multi-row, Correlated- EXISTS vs
IN- Subquery performance tips
5. Set Operators- UNION vs UNION ALL- INTERSECT, EXCEPT/MINUS
6. Data Modification- INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, MERGE- Transactions (COMMIT,
ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT)
7. Constraints- PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY- CHECK, UNIQUE, DEFAULT, NOT NULL-
Enabling/Disabling constraints
8. Indexes (Very Important for 3+ Years)- Clustered vs Non-Clustered- Composite
Indexes- Index Selectivity- Index Scan vs Seek- Covering Index- When NOT to use
Indexes
- Table Scan vs Index Scan- ANALYZE, EXPLAIN PLAN- Query Rewriting, Hints
10. Views & Materialized Views- Simple Views vs Complex Views- MViews Refresh Types
(Complete, Fast, Force)- Use-cases
11. Stored Procedures, Functions & Triggers- Stored Procedure vs Function- Use of
Triggers (BEFORE, AFTER)- Exception Handling in PL/SQL/T-SQL
12. Transactions & Concurrency- ACID Properties- Isolation Levels (Read
Uncommitted, Read Committed, Repeatable Read, Serializable)- Dirty Reads, Phantom
Reads, Non-repeatable Reads- Deadlocks and Lock Types
13. Normalization & Schema Design- 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF- Denormalization- Star
Schema, Snowflake Schema
14. Advanced SQL Concepts- Window Functions (OVER, ROW_NUMBER, RANK, DENSE_RANK)-
PARTITION BY, ORDER BY with Windowing- CTEs (Common Table Expressions)- Recursive
CTEs
15. Big Data SQL Exposu