GOVERNMENT COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (A)

KUMBAKONAM – 612 001

[Link]. Applied Geography

Curriculum Structure
&
Syllabus
(under CBCS)

(Applicable to the candidates admitted from the academic year

2015-16 onwards)
 GOVERNMENT COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOUS) KUMBAKONAM
(For the women candidate to the admitted from the year 2015-2016 onwards)
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY
[Link] – APPLIED GEOGRAPHY

Semest Course Title Ins. Credit Exam Marks Total

er Hrs/ Hrs In Ex
Week t. t.
CC-1 Geomorphology and Hydrology 6 5 3 25 75 100
CC-II Climatology and 6 5 3 25 75 100
Oceanography
CC-III Environmental Geography 6 5 3 25 75 100
CC-IV Practical – I 6 4 3 40 60 100
I
Terrain and Climatic Data Analysis
EC- I Cartography and Quantitative 6 4 3 25 75 100
Techniques
Total 30 23
CC-V Agricultural Geography 6 5 3 25 75 100
CC-VI Urban Geography 6 5 3 25 75 100
CC-VII Geography of Economic 6 5 3 25 75 100
Activities
CC-VIII- Practical –II 6 5 3 40 60 100
II Socio Economic Data Analysis
EC- II Geography of India 6 4 3 25 75 100
Total 30 24
CC-IX Geographical Thought 6 5 3 25 75 100
CC-X Research Methodology in 6 5 3 25 75 100
Geography
CC-XI Population and Settlement 6 5 3 25 75 100
Geography
CC-XII Practical –III 6 4 3 40 60 100
III Interpretation of Topographical
Maps, Aerial Photos and Satellite
Images
EC- III Regional Planning 6 4 3 25 75 100
Total 30 23
CC-XIII Social and Cultural 6 5 3 25 75 100
Geography
IV CC-XIV Practical –VI Spatial 6 5 3 40 60 100
Analysis
CC-XV Project work 12 6 - - - 100
EC- IV Remote Sensing,GIS and 6 4 3 25 75 100
GNSS
TotaL 30 20
120 90 1900

CC- Core Course Paper : 14

EC- Elective Course Paper: 4
Project work Paper :1
 CC – I GEOMORPHOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY

UNIT I

Nature – Scope and Content of Geomorphology – Fundamental Concepts -

Geomorphic process – Endogenic – Diastrophism - folds and faults –
Continental Drift theory – Plate tectonics – Mountain Building theories -
Earthquake and Volcanoes – Exogenic process – Weathering – Mass Movement
– Soil formation.

UNIT II

Gradational Process – River, Aeolian, Glacier, Karst, Coast – Classification of

coasts.

UNIT III

Normal Cycle of Erosion – Davis – Modification of the cycle -Concepts of Penck

and King - Development of slopes – Ideas of Wood, Davis, Penck and King.

UNITI IV

Climatic geomorphology - Morphogenetic regions - Applied Geomorphology –

Mineral exploration, Engineering, and Hydrology.

UNIT V

Hydrological cycle – sub cycles – elements – precipitation, evaporation,

infiltration, runoff – Water Balance and its applications - Drainage basin –
characteristics, human impact on hydrological systems.

Reference Books

1. Thorn Bury D. Principles of Geomorphology, Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi –

1984.
2. Dayal P. A Text book of Geomorphology, Shukla book Deprt, Patna – 1995.
3. Worcester P.G., A Text book of Geomorphology, Van Nostrand Rein holds
Company, New york, 1948.
4. Strahler, A.H and Strahler, A.N., Modern Physical Geography, New York,
John Wiley & [Link].

*****
 CC – II CLIMATOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
UNIT I
Atmosphere – Composition and Structure - Solar radiation - Air temperature –
heat balance - Atmospheric Pressure - General circulation of the atmosphere –
Monsoon - Jet streams – Stability and instability of the atmosphere - Air
masses – Fronts - Precipitation.
UNIT II
Atmospheric disturbances – temperate and tropical cyclones - Thunderstorms –
Classification of world climates - Empirical and generic climatic classification –
Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s schemes – World Climatic regions
UNIT III
Climatic changes – evidences and theories – Applied climatology – micro
climate – agro climate - urban climate – global warming – heat island – heath
hazards.
UNIT IV
Origin of Ocean basins - Bottom relief of Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans -
Ocean deposits – Origin, Types and Distribution - Coral reef - Conditions for
growth - types and distribution.
UNIT V
Temperature, Salinity and Density of the Oceans – vertical and horizontal
distribution – Currents – Waves, Tides and Tsunami – Sea level changes.
Reference Books
1. Lal. D.S., Climatology, Chatianya Publishing House, Allahabad, 1990
2. Howard J. Chritchfield, General Climatology, Prentice – Hall of India Pvt
Ltd, 1987
3. Trewartha G.T. and Lyes H. Horn, An introduction to Climate, McGraw Hill
Company, 1980.
4. Berry R.G & Chorely R.J., - Atmosphere, Weather and climate , Mathew &
co, London 1978
5. Lal D.S., Oceanography, Chatianya Publishing House, Allahabad.
6. Grant Gross – Oceanography, Prentice – Hall International Editions , 1987
7. Sharma.R.C., and [Link] – Oceanography for Geographers , Chatianya
publishing house , Allahabad , 1987
8. Paul R. Pinet – Oceanography, West Publishing Company, 1992

*****
 CC – III ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY

UNIT I

Environment – Elements and Types - Man and environment relationships –

determinism – possibilism, changing nature of concept – lithosphere –
hydrosphere – biosphere – multi disciplinary approach

UNIT II

Concept of Ecosystem – Forms and functions of Ecosystem –– classification:

forest, grassland, marine and mountain ecosystem – Biomes – food web – food
pyramid – nutrient cycle – biodiversity – types.

UNIT III

Natural disruptions of the ecosystem – Natural hazards – landslide,

earthquake, volcano, floods and droughts – Pollution - Human interference on
ecosystem – Population growth and its impact – Man’s modifications of the
biosphere – agriculture – Green Revolution – HYV and pesticides – ozone
depletion.

UNIT IV

Environmental planning and management; objectives and strategies; natural

resource management and conservation (land, water and forest) – sustainable
development concept - need, problems and strategies – EIA principles and
procedures.

UNIT V

Climate change - causes and consequences - Stockholm conference, Earth

summits and Round tables and Kyoto Protocol - world climate data monitoring
programme - Environment related policies and programmes in India -
Environment Governances.

Reference Books

1 Trivedi, R.N - A Text Book of Environmental Sciences, Anmol Publocations

[Link] New Delhi, 1997
2 Sexna, H.M – Envitonmental Geography, Rawat Publications Jaipur, 1999
3 Savindhra Singh – Environmental Geography Prayag Pushtak Bhawan
University Road, Alagabad 1991
4 Gillbert White – Environment as a Hazard, Toronto, 1978
5 Bruce Mitchell – Resources and Management Orient Long Man London,
1991
*****
 CC – IV PRACTICAL - I

TERRAIN AND CLIMATIC DATA ANALYSIS

UNIT I

Profiles – Serial and Super imposed – Projected and Composite – River Profile –
Thalweg.

UNIT II

Slope analysis – Smith, Wentworth and Robinson Methods

UNIT III

Drainage basin analysis – Stream ordering – Strahler’s method – Bifurcation

ratio, Drainage density – Shape of the drainage basin- Miller’s circulatory ratio.

UNIT IV

Climatic diagram – Climograph - Climatograph – Thermo isopleths – Rainfall

distribution – Dispersion – Rainfall variability.

UNIT V

Water balance – Aridity Index – NDVI Index

Reference Books

1 R.L. Singh - Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani Publishres, New Delhi

2 F.J. Monkhouse and H.R Wilkinson, Maps and Diagrams, B.I. Publications,
Madras
3 Gopal Singh – Map work and Practical Geography, Vikas publishing house
Ltd
4 V.P. Subrahmanyam and Subramaniam,A.R. Application of water balance
concept for a climatic study of droughts in south India, 1964

*****
 EC –I CARTOGRAPHY AND QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES

UNIT I

Meaning, Scope and Development of Cartography - Fundamentals of Map

Projections- Types - Uses and choice of map Projection - Compilation and
Generalization of Maps-Compilation of Base Maps.

UNIT II

Simple and Complex - Thematic maps – Qualitative and Quantitative- Point,

line, Area and Volume Symbols - Map Design and Layout - Lettering and
Toponomy - Tools and Techniques for map drawing – Map construction and
production – Photographic and non - photographic processes - Printing
processes.

UNIT III

Measures of central tendency – mean, median and mode – standard deviation -

coefficient of variation.

UNIT IV

Correlation – Pearson’s product moment correlation –Spearman’s rank

correlation- Regression analysis – Residual mapping – Factor analysis –
ANOVA.

UNIT V

Hypothesis Testing – Need and Types – Significance and Confidence Level –

Parametric – Non Parametric Produce – Chi-Square testing and T-test.

Reference Books

1. Monkhouse F.J. and Wilkinson H.R.-Maps and Diagrams-Dirton

Co.,Newyork.
2. [Link] and [Link] - Fundamentals of Cartography-Concept
publishing Company,New Delhi.
3. Robinson A.H. and [Link] - Elements of Cartography-Hjohn Wiley and
Sons, New York.
4. Singh R.L. and [Link] - Elements of Practical Geography.
5. Aslam Mahmood, and Moonis Raza, (1986). Statistical Methods in
Geographical Studies, Rajesh Publications, New Delhi.
6. Davis - Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, John Willy & Sons Inc.,
New York.
7. FitzGerald B. F. - Development in Geographical Method, Science in
Geography – 1, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
 CC – V AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY

UNIT I

Nature, Scope and significance of agricultural geography – Approaches -

Agricultural types and their Characteristics - Elements of Agriculture – Land,
Labour , Capital and Market.

UNIT II

Determinants of Agriculture – Physical, Economic, Social Institutional and

technological factors – Green Revolution – First and Second - Implications.

UNIT III

Agricultural productivity – Determinants - Measurements - Cropping Pattern –

Crop combination – Weaver, Doi, Rafiullah, Crop diversification – Bhatia.

UNIT IV

Von Thunen’s model - Modification and Application of Von Thunen’s theory –

Land use - Types – Land use survey - Land capability classification – Remote
sensing in land use analysis.

UNIT V

Agricultural systems of the World, India and Tamil Nadu – Whittlessey’s

agricultural classification.

Reference Books

1. Hussain, M. – Agricultural Geography, India Publications, New Delhi

2. Morgan, W.B & Muntan, R.J.C. – Agricultural Geography
3. Singh Jasbir, and Dhillon - Agricultural Atlas of India - A Geographical
Analysis, Vista Publishers, Krukshetra.
4. Symons, I – Agricultural Geography, G. Bells & Sons, London
5. Savindra Singh and Dhillon - Agricultural Geography

*****
 CC - VI URBAN GEOGRAPHY

UNIT I

Nature and scope of urban geography – development of urban geography

- recent trends - origin and growth of urban settlements – urbanization -
classification of urban settlements.

UNIT II

Urban growth and theories - Primate City – Rank-size rule – Settlement

hierarchy - Central Place Theory of Christaller - August Losch theory of
market centres - Urban economic base: Basic and non-basic functions.

UNIT III

Urban morphology and landuse structure - CBD - umland and periphery

- urban expansion – Theoretical models: Concentric zone model, Sector
model and Multiple Nuclei model – Social area analysis – Applications.

UNIT IV

Contemporary urban issues - urban poverty, urban renewal, urban

sprawl, slums and transportation - urban infrastructure - environmental
pollution: air, water, noise and solid waste - urban crime - issues of
environmental health.

UNIT V

Urban policy and planning - city planning - urban policy - contemporary

issues in urban planning - globalization and urban planning in the Third
World - urban landuse planning.

Reference Books

1. Carter - The Study of Urban Geography, Edward Arnold Publishers, London,

1972.
2. Chorley, R.J.O., Haggett P. (ed.) - Models in Geography, Methuen, London,
1966.
3. Hall P. - Urban and Regional Planning, Routledge, London, 1992.
4. Dickinson, R.E. - City and Region, Routledge, London, 1964.

*****
 CC – VII GEOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

UNIT I

Economic activities – Factors affecting spatial organization of economies –

Classification of economies - Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.

UNIT II

Natural resources – renewable and non-renewable - Classification – World

distribution and associated problems – Resource management – World energy
crises in developed countries.

UNIT III

Classification of industries – Bases and Characteristics – Factors of industrial

localization – Concepts and theories – Weber, Hoover, August Losch, Pres and
Smith - World industrial regions.

UNIT IV

Models of transportation and transport cost - Accessibility and Connectivity -

Measures and indices – Comparative cost advantages - Spatial flow models –
Gravity and Allocation models - Ideas of Edward Ullman and Hurst.

UNIT V

Information and communication technology – World distribution and growth -

World Trade Organizations - Globalization and liberation - World trade patterns
–Problems and prospects.

Reference Books

1. Sharma T.C. and Countinho. O – Economic and Commercial Geography of

India, Vikas Publishing house, Delhi, 1998.
2. Memoria, C.B, Economic and Commercial Geography of India, Sivalal
agrawal and company, Agra 1995.
3. Dubey and Negi – Economic and Commercial geography 1999.
4. Sadhukhan, S.K – Economic Geography an Appraisal of Resource – chand
and co -1982.
5. Naresh Kumar – Geography of Transportation, Concept Publications, 1991.

*****
 CC – VIII PRACTICAL – II

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA ANALYSIS

UNIT I
Diagrams: Line graph – Multiple Line graph – Simple bar diagrams –
Compound – Multiple, Comparative percentage bar diagram.

UNIT II
Mapping of population data: Located bar diagram – Located sphere diagram –
Located pie diagram – Dot Map – Choropleth Maps – Isopleths Maps – Age and
sex pyramids.

UNIT III
Mapping of settlement analysis – Functions – Triangular method – occupational
data – core periphery Models – Urban systems – Nearest Neighbor analysis.

UNIT IV

Mapping of Agricultural data- Index of Concentration –Index Diversification –

crop combination analysis - Weaver’s, Doi and Rafiuallah’s methods

Reference Books

1. [Link] & [Link] – Maps and Diagrams, Dirton Co- New

York 1971.
2. R.L Singh – Elements of Practical Geography – Kalyani Publishers New
Delhi, 1979.
3. Kansy, Y. – The Structure of Transportation Network.
4. Tafee, E.J.& H.L Gauthier – Geography of Transportation, Prentice Hall, New
York.

*****
 EC – II GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

UNIT I

Location – Physiographic divisions - Climate – Rainfall distribution – Climatic

regions.

UNIT II

Soils - Natural vegetation – Coastal and marine resources – water resources –

Irrigation - Types and multipurpose projects - Agriculture – Agro-climatic
regions – Distribution of food and commercial crops – Rice, Wheat, Cotton,
Sugarcane, Tea, Coffee and Jute.

UNIT III

Power resources – Hydel, Thermal, Atomic - Mineral resources – Iron ore,

Manganese, Mica, Bauxite and Copper. Major industries – Cotton, Iron and
Steel, Sugar, Cement, Textile, Sugar , Paper and Shipbuilding - Small scale
and cottage industries – Industrial regions.

UNIT IV

Population – Distribution and density – growth – Trends – Problems – Regional

disparities in social and economic development.

UNIT V
Transport and communication – Land, Water and Air – Ports and Harbours –
Economic significance – Trade – volume – direction.

Reference Books

1) Gopal Singh – Geography of India, Atma Ram & Sons, New Delhi, 1995.
2) Sharma T.C. and Countinho. O – Economic and Commercial Geography of
India, Vikas Pub. House, New Delhi, 1998.
3) Memoria, C.B, Economic and Commercial Geography of India, Sivalal
agrawal and company, Agra 1995.
4) Tirtha, Geography of India, 1996.

*****
 CC – IX GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT

UNIT I

Geographic knowledge during the ancient and medieval period - Foundations of

modern geography – Contributions of Greek, Roman, Arab, Chinese and Indian
scholars to geography.

UNIT II

German, French, British and American schools of geographical thought - Major

geographic traditions – earth science, man – Environment relationship – area
studies and spatial analysis.

UNIT III

Dualism in Geography - physical Vs human, regional Vs systematic,

determinism Vs possibilism, qualitative Vs quantitive and ideographic Vs
nomothetic

UNIT IV

Forms of explanations in geography – Models, Theories and laws in geography –

Quantitative revolution.

UNIT V

Perspectives in geography – positivism, humanism, radicalism, behaviouralism,

Marxism, structuralism, and feminism.

Reference Books

1. Negi B.S. Geographical thought – Karinath Ramnath meerat 1994.

2. Freeman. R. Hundred Years of geography – Hutchinson London 1970.
3. Harvey D. explanation to geography Edward Arnold publication, London.

*****
 CC – X RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IN GEOGRAPHY

UNIT I
Meaning – Need for scientific Research – Types of research Approaches –
identification of fields – Area of interest – Themes.

UNIT II
Logic in research – Hypothesis – Concept & Facts-Principles in Geographical
research.

UNIT III

Research design – Literature survey – Selection of the topic – Statement of

problem – Formulation of hypothesis – Testing of Hypothesis – Time schedule –
bibliography – Role of internet.

UNIT IV
Data acquisition – Analysis – Collection of data – Source of data – Primary
data- Secondary data – Sampling data – Structure of data base – Data
transformation.

UNIT V
Organization of theses – Preliminaries – Text and reference materials – drafting
of theses – First – Second and final Evolution – Language & Presentation –
Form – Style –Writing Abstracts – Research papers – seminar - Journals
Publications.

REFERANCE BOOKS:

1. Kothari C. R, Research Methodology, methods & Techniques, 2004

New Age international (p) Limited, Chennai.

[Link] R.P Research Methodology in geography, Gopal lal

J.2003 Research Methodology, Tools and Techniques,Mangal deep
publishers, New Delhi
 CC – XI POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY

UNIT I

Nature, scope and significance of population geography – Sources of

populations data – Reliability of population data - World population - Factors -
Distribution and Density.
UNIT II

Dynamics of population – Fertility and Mortality – Measures and Determinants

- world trend – World population growth– Theories of populations growth -
Malthus, Ricardo and Marx – Migration: Types – Determinants – Consequences
of migrations – Laws and policies of migrations.
UNIT III

Populations composition characteristics – age. sex, rural, urban, occupation

and education – population resource relationship – population resources
region, population policies.

UNIT IV

Nature, scope and development of settlement geography – site, situation, types,

size, spacing and internal morphology of rural settlements – Functional
classification of rural settlements.

UNIT V

Urbanization - Urban expansion – vertical and horizontal – urban sprawl –

rural-urban fringe – urban renewal – suburbs - growth and characteristics –
city regions concept – urban migration and land use changes – problems.

Reference Books

1. Chandna R.S – Geography of Population Concepts, Determinants and

Patterns, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi 1980.
2. Clark John.I. - Population Geography Pergamon Press Ltd. Oxford 1981.
3. Gosh, B.N – Population Geography, Streling Publications. 1987.
4. Beauju- Garneir.J – Geography of Population, Longman group Ltd, 1978.
5. H. Carter - The Study of Urban Geography, Edward Arnold, London.
6. [Link]- Urban Geography of Towns, Hutchinson University Library,
London.
7. Mayer & Kohn – Readings in Urban Geography, Central Book Depot,
Alahabad.
8. Northam – Urban Geography. John Wiley & Sons Inc; 2nd edition 1979.

*****
 CC – XII - PRACTICAL – III

INTERPRETATION OF TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS, AERIAL PHOTOS AND

SATELLITE IMAGES

UNIT I

Appreciation and interpretation of SOI Map and O.S Sheets: physical and
cultural features.

UNIT II
Interpretation of U.S Map and National atlas of India, Census atlas.
UNIT III

Aerial Remote Sensing: Elements of Visual Interpretation – Marginal

Information of Aerial photographs – Interpretation of aerial Photographs.
UNIT IV

SatelliteRemote Sensing: Marginal Information of satellite imageries–

Interpretation of Satellite imageries (Physical & Cultural Featires).
Reference Books

1. Robinson A.H. and [Link] - Elements of Cartography - John Wiley and

Sons, New York.
2. Lillisand T.M., and Kiefer P.W. - Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation,
John Wiley & Sons, New York.
3. Wolf P. R - Elements of Photogrammetry, McGraw Hill books Co., London.
4. Rampal K.K - Hand Book of Aerial Photography and Interpretation, Concept
Publishing Company, New Delhi.
 EC – III REGIONAL PLANNING

UNIT I

Geography and Regional planning: Basic concepts – Geographic space and

regions – growth pole and growth centre - regional units – types of regions –
goals and objectives of regional planning process – interdisciplinary nature of
regional planning - nationalization and sectionalism.

UNIT II

Approaches to regional planning analysis: systems concept; Geographic matrix

– spatial temporal dimensions – grouping of dimensions in regional analysis –
regional science – methods to study Indian regional problems.

UNIT III

Planning in India: historical development – appraisal of five year planning and

annual plans – dimension- regional imbalances - development programme:
command area , drought prone , metropolitan , river valley, tribal and hill area

UNIT-IV

Regional planning in Tamil Nadu: evaluation of regional planning - planning

regions – backward area development – metropolitan, rural planning – local
planning authorities – 73rd and 74th amendment of constitution of India.

UNIT-V

Town planning: basic concepts of town planning - need of town planning –

Powers and functions of Nagar Panchayat, municipal council and Municipal
Corporation - functions of town planning activities in Tamil Nadu.

Reference Books

1. Misra R.P. (1971) Regional Planning: Concept Techniques. Politics and case
studies. University Mysore, Mysore.
2. Misra R.P., Sundaram K.V. and V.L.S Prakasa Rao (1974); regional
development in India, Vikas publishing house, New Delhi.
3. Prakasa Rao V.L.S. (1963); Regional Planning, Asia publishing house,
Kolkatta.
 CC - XIII SOCIAL CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY

UNIT – I

Social Geography – Nature and scope – social structure and processes –

concept of space and place – social well being – quality of life – social exclusion
and inclusion.

UNIT – II

Ethnicity, tribe, dialect, language, caste and religion - Spatial distribution –

World and India.

UNIT – III

Concept of culture, culture complex, culture areas and cultural regions,

cultural heritage, cultural interactions, cultural diffusion and cultural ecology –
cultural imperialism.

UNIT – IV

Health – factors affecting human health – nutritional status, diseases –

etiological condition, classification and distribution patterns - Health care
planning and policies in India.

UNIT – V

Human development - measurement of human development - social, economic

and environmental indicators - Contemporary issues - regional disparity,
poverty, population explosion and globalization - Impact of development on
Environment - social and ethnic tension - gender discrimination -
empowerment of women.

Reference Books

1 Majid Husain - Human Geography-Rawat Publications 1994.

2 Gillian [Link] – Human and Economic Geography, Oxford University
Publications 1999.
3 Aime Vincent Perpillou - Human Geography, Longman Group limited
London 1977.
4 [Link] Forde - Habitat, Economy and Society, Methuen Publishers 1977.
5 Chandna - Popualtion Geography, Kalyani Publishers.
6 Ray-M. Northam - Urban Geography, John Wiley and Sons Publications –
1979.
7 Dikshit R. - Political Geography, 3rd Edition, Tata Mc Graw- Hill.
 CC- XIV PRACTICAL – IV

SPATIAL ANALYSIS

UNIT I
Frequency distribution – Graphical representation: Histogram , Frequency
polygon, Frequency Curve – Cumulative Frequency or Ogive Curve

UNIT II

Measures of central tendency: Mean, Median and Mode - Measures of

dispersion:–Range, Quartiledeviation, Mean deviation standard deviation and
Lorenz Curve.

UNIT III

Correlation: Rank Correlation and Co-efficient Correlation - Regression –

Scatter Diagram.

UNIT IV

Hypothesis Testing – Parametric and Non-parametric test – Chi-Square testing,

F-test and T-test.

Reference Books

1. Monkhouse F.J. and Wilkinson H.R.-Maps and Diagrams-Dirton

Co.,Newyork.
2. Singh R.L. and [Link] - Elements of Practical Geography.
3. Aslam Mahmood, and Moonis Raza, (1986). Statistical Methods in
Geographical Studies, Rajesh Publications, New Delhi.
4. David Unwin - Introductory Spatial Analysis, Methuen, London, 1981.
5. Gregory S. - Statistical Methods and the Geographer, Longman, London,
1978.
6. Hammond R and P.S. McCullagh - Quantitative Techniques in Geography:
An Introduction, Clarendan Press, Oxford, 1974.
7. John P. Cole and Cuchlaine A. M. King, Quantitative Geography, John
Wiley, London, 1968.
8. Johnston R. J., Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Geography, Longman,
London. 1973.
 EC – IV REMOTE SENSING, GIS AND GNSS
UNIT I
Remote Sensing – definition - Types – Ideal Remote Sensing System – Aerial
Photography - Types of Photographs – elements - Photo Interpretation -
Photogramtry.
UNIT II
Space borne Remote Sensing – EMR – Platforms – Sensors – Resolution –
Spectral signatures – visual image interpretation - Fundamentals – equipments
– digital image processing - Development of Remote Sensing programs in the
world – USA, USSR, FRANCE, U.K and India – Development of remote sensing
in India
UNIT III
GIS – Definition – Components – DBMS – Vector and Raster models – Spatial
Data Input and Editing - GIS analysis – Queries, Buffering, Overlay and
Neighbourhood functions -
UNIT IV
GNSS/GPS – Historical development – Segments – Space Segment: GPS
Satellite Systems – new Programmes - Control Segment - User segment: land
and marine navigation - Sources of errors - differential GPS.
UNIT V
Applications of RS, GIS and GNSS/GPS - Resource mapping – land and water
resources, urban studies, disaster management and land use planning.
Reference Books
1. [Link] & [Link] – Text Book of Remote Sensing – Wheeler
Publishing 2000.
2. Barrette & Burough – Principles of GIS for Land Resource Assessment –
Clarendon Press – Oxford.
3. Campbell. James B.I - Introduction to Remote Sensing – The Guild Press,
New York.
4. Ian Heywod, Sarah Cornelines, An Introduction to Geographical Information
System I Addison – Wesley, Longman Ltd, 2000.
5. Robinson A.H. and [Link] - Elements of Cartography - John Wiley and
Sons, New York.
6. Lillisand T.M., and Kiefer P.W. - Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation,
John Wiley & Sons, New York.
7. Wolf P. R - Elements of Photogrammetry, McGraw Hill books Co., London.