lOMoARcPSD|27644403
LAB - EWEWE
History (MIT School of Distance Education)
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EX NO:1
Program To Convert the given temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius
and vice versa depending Upon user‘s choice.
# Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
celsius_to_fahrenheit <- function(celsius)
{ return((celsius * 9/5) + 32)
}
# Example: Convert 25 degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit
celsius_temp <- 25
fahrenheit_temp <- celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius_temp)
cat(celsius_temp, "degrees Celsius is equal to", fahrenheit_temp, "Fahrenheit\n")
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Output:
25 degrees Celsius is equal to 77 Fahrenheit
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# Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
fahrenheit_to_celsius <- function(fahrenheit)
{ return((fahrenheit - 32) * 5/9)
}
# Example: Convert 77 degrees Fahrenheit to Celsius
fahrenheit_temp <- 77
celsius_temp <- fahrenheit_to_celsius(fahrenheit_temp)
cat(fahrenheit_temp, "degrees Fahrenheit is equal to", celsius_temp, "Celsius\n")
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Output:
77 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to 25 Celsius
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EX NO:2
Program, to find the area of rectangle, square, circle and triangle by accepting
suitable input parameters from user.
# Function to calculate the area of a rectangle
calculate_rectangle_area <- function() {
length <- [Link](readline(prompt = "Enter the length of the rectangle: "))
width <- [Link](readline(prompt = "Enter the width of the rectangle: "))
area <- length * width
cat("Area of the rectangle:", area, "\n")
}
# Function to calculate the area of a square
calculate_square_area <- function() {
side <- [Link](readline(prompt = "Enter the side length of the square: "))
area <- side * side
cat("Area of the square:", area, "\n")
}
# Function to calculate the area of a circle
calculate_circle_area <- function() {
radius <- [Link](readline(prompt = "Enter the radius of the circle: "))
area <- pi * radius^2
cat("Area of the circle:", area, "\n")
}
# Function to calculate the area of a triangle
calculate_triangle_area <- function() {
base <- [Link](readline(prompt = "Enter the base of the triangle: "))
height <- [Link](readline(prompt = "Enter the height of the triangle: "))
area <- 0.5 * base * height
cat("Area of the triangle:", area, "\n")
}
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# Main program loop
while (TRUE) {
cat("\nSelect a shape to calculate its area:\n")
cat("1. Rectangle\n")
cat("2. Square\n")
cat("3. Circle\n")
cat("4. Triangle\n")
cat("5. Exit\n")
choice <- [Link](readline(prompt = "Enter your choice (1-5): "))
if (choice == 1) {
calculate_rectangle_area()
} else if (choice == 2) {
calculate_square_area()
} else if (choice == 3) {
calculate_circle_area()
} else if (choice == 4) {
calculate_triangle_area()
} else if (choice == 5) {
cat("Exiting program.\n")
break
} else {
cat("Invalid choice. Please enter a number between 1 and 5.\n")
}
}
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Output
Select a shape to calculate its area:
1. Rectangle
2. Square
3. Circle
4. Triangle
5. Exit
Enter your choice (1-5): 2
Enter the side length of the square: 5
Area of the square: 25
Select a shape to calculate its area:
1. Rectangle
2. Square
3. Circle
4. Triangle
5. Exit
Enter your choice (1-5): 1
Enter the length of the rectangle:
3 Enter the width of the rectangle:
4 Area of the rectangle: 12
Select a shape to calculate its area:
1. Rectangle
2. Square
3. Circle
4. Triangle
5. Exit
Enter your choice (1-5): 3
Enter the radius of the circle: 5
Area of the circle: 78.53982
Select a shape to calculate its area:
1. Rectangle
2. Square
3. Circle
4. Triangle
5. Exit
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Enter your choice (1-5): 4
Enter the base of the triangle:
2
Enter the height of the triangle: 3
Area of the triangle: 3
Select a shape to calculate its area:
1. Rectangle
2. Square
3. Circle
4. Triangle
5. Exit
Enter your choice (1-5): 5
Exiting program.
>
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EX NO: 3
Write a program to find list of even numbers from1to n using
R- Loops.
find_even_numbers <- function(n) {
# Initialize an empty vector to store even numbers even_numbers <- c()
# Loop from 1 to n for (i in
1:n) {
# Check if the current number is even if (i %% 2 ==
0) {
# Add the even number to the vector even_numbers <-
c(even_numbers, i)
}
}
# Return the list of even numbers
return(even_numbers)
}
# Example usage:
n_value <- 10
result <- find_even_numbers(n_value) print(result)
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OUTPUT
[1] 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
10
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EX NO: 4
Create a function to print squares of numbers in sequence
print_squares_in_sequence <- function(n) {
# Generate a sequence of numbers from 1 to n numbers <- 1:n
# Calculate the squares of these numbers squares <- numbers^2
# Print each number and its square in a formatted way for (i in
1:length(numbers)) {
cat(numbers[i], "^2 = ", squares[i], "\n")
}
}
print_squares_in_sequence(5)
11
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OUTPUT
1 ^2 = 1
2 ^2 = 4
3 ^2 = 9
4 ^2 = 16
5 ^2 = 25
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lOMoARcPSD|27644403
EX NO:5
Write a program to join columns and rows in a data frame using cbind() and
rbind() in R.
a. cbind()
# Create the first data frame df1 <-
[Link](
Name = c("Alice", "Bob"), Age = c(25,
30)
)
# Create the second data frame df2 <-
[Link](
Height = c(160, 175), Weight =
c(55, 70)
)
# Combine the data frames by columns
combined_df_cols <- cbind(df1, df2)
# Print the combined data frame
print(combined_df_cols)
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OUTPUT
Name Age Height Weight
1 Alice 25 160 55
2 Bob 30 175 70
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b. rbind()
# Create the first data frame df3 <-
[Link](
Name = c("Charlie", "David"), Score =
c(90, 85)
)
# Create the second data frame df4 <-
[Link](
Name = c("Eve", "Frank"), Score =
c(92, 88)
)
# Combine the data frames by rows combined_df_rows
<- rbind(df3, df4)
# Print the combined data frame
print(combined_df_rows)
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OUTPUT
Name Score
1 Charlie 90
2 David 85
3 Eve 92
4 Frank 88
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EX NO:6
Implement different String Manipulation functions in R.
# Define a sample string
my_string <- "R Programming is FUN!"
# 1. nchar(): Get the number of characters in a string
cat("Number of characters:", nchar(my_string), "\n")
# 2. toupper(): Convert to uppercase
cat("Uppercase:", toupper(my_string), "\n")
# 3. tolower(): Convert to lowercase
cat("Lowercase:", tolower(my_string), "\n")
# 4. substr(): Extract a substring
cat("Substring (chars 3 to 10):", substr(my_string, 3, 10), "\n")
# 5. paste(): Concatenate strings
string1 <- "Hello"
string2 <- "World"
cat("Concatenated string:", paste(string1, string2), "\n")
cat("Concatenated with separator:", paste(string1, string2, sep = "-"), "\
n")
# 6. strsplit(): Split a string by a delimiter
split_string <- strsplit(my_string, " ")
cat("Split string:", unlist(split_string), "\n") # unlist to view as a vector
# 7. sub(): Replace the first occurrence of a pattern
modified_string_sub <- sub("Programming", "Coding", my_string)
cat("After sub():", modified_string_sub, "\n")
# 8. gsub(): Replace all occurrences of a pattern
another_string <- "Apple pie, apple juice, apple sauce"
modified_string_gsub <- gsub("apple", "orange", another_string)
cat("After gsub():", modified_string_gsub, "\n")
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# 9. grep(): Find matching patterns
matching_indices <- grep("is", my_string)
cat("Indices where 'is' is found:", matching_indices, "\n") # Returns 1 if found in the string
# 10. grepl(): Check if a pattern exists (returns logical)
contains_fun <- grepl("FUN", my_string)
cat("Does the string contain 'FUN'?", contains_fun, "\n")
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output
Number of characters: 21
Uppercase: R PROGRAMMING IS FUN!
Lowercase: r programming is fun!
Substring (chars 3 to 10): Programm
Concatenated string: Hello World
Concatenated with separator: Hello-World
Split string: R Programming is FUN!
After sub(): R Coding is FUN!
After gsub(): Apple pie, orange juice, orange sauce
Indices where 'is' is found: 1
Does the string contain 'FUN'? TRUE
19
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EX NO:6
Implement different data structures in R(Vectors, Lists, Data Frames)
Vectors
# Numeric vector
numeric_vector <- c(1, 5, 9, 13)
print(numeric_vector)
# Character vector
character_vector <- c("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print(character_vector)
# Logical vector
logical_vector <- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)
print(logical_vector)
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output
[1] 1 5 9 13
[1] "apple" "banana" "cherry"
[1] TRUE FALSE TRUE
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Lists
# Creating a list with different data types
my_list <- list(
name = "Alice",
age = 30,
scores = c(85, 92, 78),
is_student = TRUE
)
print(my_list)
# Accessing elements of a list
print(my_list$name)
print(my_list[[3]][2]) # Accessing the second element of the 'scores' vector
22
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output
$name
[1] "Alice"
$age
[1] 30
$scores
[1] 85 92 78
$is_student
[1] TRUE
[1] "Alice"
[1] 92
23
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Data Frames
# Creating a data frame
employee_data <-
[Link]( ID = c(101, 102,
103),
Name = c("John Doe", "Jane Smith", "Peter Jones"),
Department = c("HR", "IT", "Finance"),
Salary = c(60000, 75000, 62000)
)
print(employee_data)
# Accessing columns of a data frame
print(employee_data$Name)
print(employee_data[, "Department"])
# Accessing rows of a data frame
print(employee_data[2, ]) # Second row
print(employee_data[employee_data$Salary > 70000, ]) # Rows where salary is greater than
70000
24
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output
ID Name Department Salary
1 101 John Doe HR 60000
2 102 Jane Smith IT 75000
3 103 Peter Jones Finance 62000
[1] "John Doe" "Jane Smith" "Peter Jones"
[2] [1] "HR" "IT" "Finance"
ID Name Department
Salary 2 102 Jane SmithIT
75000
ID Name Department
Salary 2 102 Jane SmithIT75000
25
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EX NO:8
Write a program to read a csv file and analyze the data in the file in R.
1. Prepare your CSV file:
Ensure you have a CSV file available. For this example, assume a file named [Link]
in your working directory with the following content: Code
Name,Age,City,Score
Alice,25,New York,85
Bob,30,London,92
Charlie,22,Paris,78
David,28,Berlin,95
Eve,26,Tokyo,88
2. R Program:
Code
# Set your working directory (optional, but good practice if the file isn't in your default
directory)
# setwd("C:/Users/YourUsername/Desktop") # Replace with your actual path
# 1. Read the CSV file into a data frame
# stringsAsFactors = FALSE prevents character columns from being converted to factors
automatically
data <- [Link]("[Link]", stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
# 2. Inspect the data
# Display the first few rows print("First few
rows of the data:") head(data)
# Get the structure of the data frame (data types of columns) print("\nStructure of the data:")
str(data)
# Get summary statistics for numerical columns print("\
nSummary statistics of the data:") summary(data)
# Get the dimensions (number of rows and columns) print("\
nDimensions of the data (rows, columns):") dim(data)
# 3. Perform basic data analysis
# Calculate the mean of a numerical column (e.g., Score) mean_score <-
mean(data$Score)
print(paste("\nMean Score:", mean_score))
# Find the maximum value in a numerical column (e.g., Age) max_age <-
max(data$Age)
print(paste("Maximum Age:", max_age))
# Filter data based on a condition (e.g., people with Score > 90) high_scorers <-
subset(data, Score > 90)
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print("\nIndividuals with a score greater than 90:") print(high_scorers)
# Count the occurrences of unique values in a categorical column (e.g., City) city_counts <-
table(data$City)
print("\nCount of individuals by City:")
print(city_counts)
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Output
head(data)
Name Age City Score
1 Alice 25 New York 85
2 Bob 30 London 92
3 Charlie 22 Paris 78
4 David 28 Berlin 95
5 Eve 26 Tokyo 88
str(data)
'[Link]': 5 obs. of 4 variables:
$ Name : chr "Alice" "Bob" "Charlie" "David" ...
$ Age : int 25 30 22 28 26
$ City : chr "New York" "London" "Paris" "Berlin" ...
$ Score: int 85 92 78 95 88
summary(data)
Name Age City Score
Length:5 Min. :22.0 Length:5 Min. :78.0
Class :character 1st Qu.:25.0 Class :character 1st Qu.:85.0
Mode :character Median :26.0 Mode :character Median :88.0
Mean :26.2 Mean :87.6
3rd Qu.:28.0 3rd Qu.:92.0
Max. :30.0 Max. :95.0
dim(data)
[1] 5 4
print(paste("\nMean Score:", mean_score))
[1] "\nMean Score: 87.6"
print(paste("Maximum Age:", max_age))
[1] "Maximum Age: 30"
>
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"\nIndividuals with a score greater than 90:"
> print(high_scorers)
Name Age City Score
2 Bob 30 London 92
4 David 28 Berlin 95
print("\nCount of individuals by City:")
[1] "\nCount of individuals by City:"
> print(city_counts)
Berlin London New York Paris Tokyo
1 1 1 1 1
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EX NO:9
Create pie chart and bar chart using R.
[Link]
A <- c(17, 2, 8, 13, 1, 22)
B <- c("Jan", "feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun")
barplot(A, [Link] = B, xlab ="Month",
ylab ="Articles", col ="green",
main ="GeeksforGeeks-Article chart")
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[Link]
expenditure <- c(600, 300, 150, 100, 200)
result <- pie(expenditure,
main = "Monthly Expenditure Breakdown",
labels = c("Housing", "Food", "Cloths", "Entertainment", "Other")
)
print(result)
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EX NO:10
Program to find factorial of the given number using recursive function
rec_fac <- function(x)
{
if(x==0 || x==1)
{
return(1)
}
else
{
return(x*rec_fac(x-1))
}
}
rec_fac(3)
34
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output
[1] 6
35
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EX NO:11
Write a R program to count the number of even and odd numbers from array of N
numbers
# Function to count even and odd numbers in a vector
count_even_odd <- function(numbers) {
even_count <- 0
odd_count <- 0
for (num in numbers) {
if (num %% 2 == 0)
{
even_count <- even_count + 1
} else {
odd_count <- odd_count + 1
}
}
return(list(even = even_count, odd = odd_count))
}
# Example usage:
# Create a sample array (vector in R) of numbers
my_numbers <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
# Call the function to count even and odd numbers
counts <- count_even_odd(my_numbers)
# Print the results
cat("Number of even numbers:", counts$even, "\n")
cat("Number of odd numbers:", counts$odd, "\n")
output
36
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lOMoARcPSD|27644403
Number of even numbers: 7
Number of odd numbers: 8
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