7.

ALTERNATING CURRENT

Single Correct Answer Type

An inductive coil has resistance of 100 Ω . When an ac signal of frequency 1000 Hz is fed
to the coil, the applied voltage leads the current by 45 ° . What is the inductance of the
1.

coil?
a) 2 mH b) 3.3 mH c) 16 mH d)
√ 5 mH
2. Fig shows a source of alternating voltage connected to a capacitor and a resistor. Which
of the following phasor diagrams correctly describes the phase relationship between I c,
the current between the source and the capacitor, and I R , the current in the resistor?

a) b) c) d)

3. Determine the rms value of a semi-circular current wave which has a maximum value of
a

a) (1/ 2)a b) (3 /2)a c) (2 /3)a d) (1/ 3)a

√ √ √ √
4. The value of current in two series LCR circuits at resonance is same. Then

a) Both circuits must be having same value of capacitance and inductance

b) In both circuits ratio of L and C will be same

c) For both the circuits X / X must be same at that frequency

d) Both circuits must have same impedance at all frequencies

L C

An LCR circuit contains resistance of 100 Ω and a supply of 200 V at 300 rad angular
frequency. If only capacitance is taken out from the circuit and the rest of the circuit is
5.

joined, current lags behind the voltage by 60 ° . If, on the other hand, only inductor is
taken out the current leads by 60 ° with the applied voltage. The current flowing in the
circuit is
a) 1 A b) 1.5 A c) 2 A d) 2.5 A

6. Which voltmeter will give zero reading at resonance?

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 a) V b) V c) V d) None

In the series LCR circuit, the voltmeter and ammeter readings are:
1 2 3

7.

a) V =100 V , I =2 A b) V =100 V , I =5 A c) V =1000 V , I =2 A d) V =300V , I =1 A

8. A capacitor of capacitance 1 μF is charged to a potential of 1V. It is connected in parallel

to an inductor of inductance 10−3 H. The maximum current that will flow in the circuit
has the value
a) b) 1 mA c) 1 μA d) 1000 mA
√ 1000 mA
A resistor and a capacitor are connected to an ac supply of 200 V, 50 Hz in series. The
current in the circuit is 2 A. If the power consumed in the circuit is 100 W then the
9.

resistance in the circuit is

a) 100 Ω b) 25 Ω c) d) 400 Ω
√ 125 ×75 Ω
10. When an AC source of emf e=E 0 sin (100 t¿)¿ is connected across a circuit, the phase

difference between the emf e and the current i in the circuit is observed to be , as
π

shown in the diagram. If the circuit consists possibly only of R – C or R – L or L – C in

4

series, find the relationship between the two elements

a) R=1 k Ω, C=10 μ F b) R=1 k Ω, C=1 μ F c) R=1 k Ω, L=10 H d) R=1 k Ω, L=1 H

11. In the circuit shown in Fig, R is a pure resistor, L is an inductor of negligible resistance
(as compared to R ), S is a 100 V, 50 Hz ac source of negligible resistance. With either
key K 1 alone or K 2 alone closed, the current is I 0. If the source is changed to 100 V, 100
Hz the current with K 1 alone closed and with K 2 alone closed will be respectively

Page|2
 a) I , I 0 b) I ,2 I c) 2 I , I d) 2 I , I 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

12. The circuit given in Fig has a resistanceless choke coil L and a resistance R . The voltage
2 2

across R and L are given in Fig. The virtual of the applied voltage is

a) 100 V b) 200 V c) 300 V d) 400 V

13. If i 1=3 sin ωt and i 2=4 cos ωt , then i 3 is

a) 5 sin(ωt+53 °) b) 5 sin(ωt+37 °) c) 5 sin(ωt+ 45 °) d) 5 sin(ωt+53 °)

14. A coil has an inductance of 0.7 H and is joined is series with a resistance of 220 Ω . When
an alternating emf of 220 V at 50 cps is applied to it, then the wattles component of the
current in the circuit is (take 0.7 π=2.2)
a) 5 A b) 0.5 A c) 0.7 A d) 7 A

15. In the above question, the average value of voltage (V ) in one time period will be

a) V 0 b) V 0 c) V 0 d) 0
√3 √2
16. A series R-C circuit is connected to AC Voltage source. Consider two cases: (A) when C
2

is without a dielectric medium and (B) when C is filled with dielectric of constant 4. The
current I R through the resistor and voltage V c across the capacitor are compared in the
two cases. Which of the following is/are true?
a) I A > I B b) I A < I B c) V A > V B d) V A < V B

17. A transmitter transmits at a wavelength of 300 m. A condenser of capacitance 2.4 μ F is

R R R R C C C C

being used. The value of the inductance for the resonant circuit is approximately
a) −4 H b) −6 H c) −8 H d) −10 H
10 10 10 10
18. If the total charge stored in the LC circuit is Q 0 , then for t ≥ 0

a) The charge on the capacitor is Q=Q cos π +

0 ( 2 √ LCt )
b) The charge on the capacitor is
( π2 √ LCt )
Q=Q cos −
0

Page|3
 c) The charge on the capacitor is Q=− LC d Q
2

2
dt
d) The charge on the capacitor is Q= 1 d Q
2

√ LC d t 2
19. A 4 μ F capacitor, a resistance of 2.5 mΩ is in series with 12 V battery. Find the the time
after which the potential difference across the capacitor is 3 times the potential
difference across the resistor. [Given ln (2)=0.693]
a) 13.86 s b) 6.93 s c) 7 s d) 14 s

20. In an R-C circuit while charging, the graph of lnI versus time is as shown by the dotted
line in the adjoining diagram where I is the current. When the value of the resistance is
doubled, which of the solid curves best represents the variation of ln I versus time?

a) P b) Q c) R d) S

21. Two alternating voltage generators produce emfs of the same amplitude E0 but with a
phase difference of π /3. The resultant emf is
a) E sin [ωt +(π /3)] b) E sin [ωt +(π /6)]
0 0

c) d) 3 E sin[ωt +(π /2)]

√ 3 E0 sin[ωt +(π /6)] √ 0
22. For the circuit shown in Fig, current in inductance is 0.8 A while that in capacitance is
0.6 A. What is the current drawn from the source?

a) 0.1 A b) 0.3 A c) 0.6 A d) 0.2 A

23. A parallel plate capacitor C with plates of unit area and separation d is filled with a

liquid of dielectric constant K = 2. The level of liquid is initially. Suppose the liquid
d

level decreases at a constant speed v , the time constant as a function of time t is.
3

Page|4
 C
|

d R
|

a) 6 ε0 R b) (15 d +9 vt )ε 0 R c) 6 ε 0 R d) ¿ ¿
2 2 2
5 d+ 3 vt 2 d −3 dvt−9 v t 5 d−3 vt
24. For an LCR series circuit with an ac source of angular frequency ω ,

a) Circuit will be capacitor if ω > 1

√ LC
b) Circuit will be inductive if ω= 1
√ LC
c) Power factor of circuit will be unity if capacitive reactance equals inductive reactance

d) Current will be leading voltage if ω > 1

√ LC
25. A dc ammeter and a hot wire ammeter are connected to a circuit in series. When a direct
current is passed through circuit, the dc ammeter shows 6 A. When ac current flows
through circuit, the ac ammeter shows 8 A. What will be reading of each ammeter, if dc
and ac currents flow simultaneously through the circuit?
a) dc=6 A , ac=10 A b) dc=3 A , ac=5 A c) dc=5 A , ac=8 A d) dc=2 A , ac=3 A

26. When 100 V dc is applied across a solenoid, a current of 1.0 A flows in it. When 100 V ac
is applied across the same coil, the current drops to 0.5 A. If the frequency of the ac
source is 50 Hz, the impedance and inductance of the solenoid are
a) 200 Ω and 0.55 H b) 100 Ω and 0.86 H c) 200 Ω and 1.0 H d) 100 Ω and 0.93 H

27. When an ac source of emfe=E 0 sin (100 t) is connected across a circuit, the phase
difference between emf e and current i in the circuit is observed to be π /4 as shown in
Fig. If the circuit consists possibly only of R−C or R−C or L−R series, find the
relationship between the two elements

a) R=1 kΩ, C=10 μF b) R=1 kΩ, C=1 μF c) R=1 kΩ, L=10 H d) R=1 kΩ, L=1 H

28. In an ac circuit the potential differences across an inductance and resistance joined in
series are respectively 16 V and 20 V. The total potential difference across the circuit is
a) 20 V b) 25.6 V c) 31.9 V d) 53.5 V

29. A resistor and an inductor are connected to an ac supply of 120 V and 50 Hz. The
current in the circuit is 3A. If the power consumed in the circuit is 108 W, then the
resistance in the circuit is
a) 12 Ω b) 40 Ω c) (52 ×28) Ω d) 360 Ω
√
Page|5
30. The voltage time (V −t) graph for triangular wave having peak value V 0 is as shown in
Fig

The rms value of V in time interval from t=0 to T /4 is

a) V 0 b) V 0 c) V 0 d) None of these
√3 2 √2
31. The peak value of an alternating emf E given by E=E0 cos ωt
is 10 V and frequency is 50 Hz. At time t=(1/600) s, the instantaneous value of emf is
a) 10 V c) 5 V d) 1 V
b)
5 √3 V
32. An inductor and a resistor are connected in series with an ac source. In this circuit

a) The current and the p.d. across the resistance lead the p.d. across the inductance

b) The current and the p.d. across the resistance lag behind the p.d. across the
inductance by an angle π /2
c) The current and the p.d. across the resistance lag behind the p.d. across the
inductance by an angle π
d) The p.d. across the resistance lags behind the p.d. across the inductance by an angle
π /2 but the current in resistance lead the p.d. across the inductance by π /2
33. An ac voltage is represented by
E=220 √ 2 cos (50 π )t
How many times will the current become zero in 1 s?
a) 50 times b) 100 times c) 30 times d) 25 times

34. In series LCR circuit voltage drop across resistance is 8 V, across inductor is 6 V and
across capacitor is 12 V. Then
a) Voltage of the source will be leading current in the circuit

b) Voltage drop across each element will be less than the applied voltage

c) Power factor of circuit will be 4/3

d) None of these

35. Using an ac voltmeter, the potential difference in the electrical line in a house is read to
be 234 V. If the line frequency is known to be 50 cycles/second, the equation for the line
voltage is
a) V =165 sin ( 100 πt ) b) V =331sin ( 100 πt ) c) V =220 sin ( 100 πt ) d) V =440 sin ( 100 πt )

36. An alternating voltage E=50 √ 2 sin(100 t ) V is connected to a 1 μ F capacitor through an ac

ammeter. What will be the reading of the ammeter?
a) 10 mA b) 5 mA c) d)
5 √ 2mA 10 √ 2mA
37. In LCR circuit current resonant frequency is 600 Hz and half power points are at 650
and 550 Hz. The quality factor is
a) 1 b) 1 c) 6 d) 3
6 3

Page|6
38. The power factor of the circuit in Fig is 1/ √ 2. The capacitance of the circuit is equal to

a) 400 μF b) 300 μF c) 500 μF d) 200 μF

39. In the circuit shown in Fig, X C =100 Ω , X L =200 Ω and R=100 Ω. The effective current
through the source is
C
200 V R
L

a) 2 A c) 0.5 A
b)
2 √2 A d)
√ 0.4 A
40. A 220-V, 50 Hz ac generator is connected to an inductor and a 50 Ω resistance in series.
The current in the circuit is 1.0 A. What is the pd across inductor?
a) 102.2 V b) 186.4 V c) 214 V d) 170 V

41. In the L-C-R circuit shown, the impedance is

L C R

1H

a) 500 Ω b) 300 Ω c) 100 Ω d) 200 Ω

42. Figure shows an iron-cored transformer assumed to be 100% efficient. The ratio of the
secondary turns to the primary turns is 1:20

A 240 V ac supply is connected to the primary coil and a 6.0 Ω resistor is connected to
the secondary coil. What is the current in the primary coil?
a) 0.10 A b) 0.14 A c) 2.0 A d) 40 A

43. A current source sends a current I =i 0 cos(ωt). When connected across an unknown load,
it gives a voltage output of v=v 0 sin [ωt +(π /4)] across the load. Then the voltage across
the current source may be brought in phase with the current through it by

Page|7
 a) Connecting an inductor in series with the load

b) Connecting a capacitor in series with the load

c) Connecting an inductor in parallel with the load

d) Connecting a capacitor in parallel with the load

44. Two sinusoidal voltages of same frequency are shown in Fig

V M N

0 0.4 0.6 0.8

0.2 1

What is the frequency and the phase relationship between the voltages?
frequency/Hz phase lead of
N over M in rad/s
0.4 2.5 2.5 2.5
a) −π b) −π c) + π d) −π

45. In a series LCR circuit the voltage across the resistance, capacitance and inductance is
4 2 2 4

10 V each. If the capacitance is short circuited, the voltage across the inductance will be
a) 10 V b) c) (10 /3) V d) 20 V
10/ √ 2 V
46. An rms voltage of 110 V is applied across a series circuit having a resistance 11Ω and an
impedance 22 Ω . The power consumed is
a) 275 W b) 366 W c) 550 W d) 1100 W

47. In an ideal transformer, the voltage and the current in the primary coil are 200 V and 2
A, respectively. If the voltage in the secondary coil is 2000 V, then the value of current in
the secondary coil will be
a) 0.2 A b) 2 A c) 10 A d) 20 A

48. A 50 W, 100 V lamp is to be connected to an ac mains of 200 V, 50 Hz. What capacitor is

essential to be put in series with the lamp?
a) 25 μF b) 50 μF c) 50 μF d) 100 μF
√2 π √3 √2 π √3
49. A typical light dimmer used to dim the stage lights in a theatre consists of a variable
induction for L (where inductance is adjustable between zero and Lmax ) connected in
series with a light bulb B as shown in Fig. The mains electrical supply is 220 V at 50 Hz,
the light bulb is rated at 220 V, 1100 W. What Lmax is required if the rate of energy
dissipated in the light bulb is to be varied by a factor of 5 from its upper limit of 1100 W?

a) 0.69 H b) 0.28 H c) 0.38 H d) 0.56 H

50. In the circuit shown in Fig, if both the bulbs B1 and B2 are identical

Page|8
 a) Their brightness will be the same

b) B will be brighter than B

2 1

c) B will be brighter than B

1 2

d) Only B will glow because the capacitor has infinite impedance

51. At time t = 0, a battery of 10 V is connected across points A and B in the given circuit. If
2

the capacitors have no charge initially, at what time (in second) does the voltage across
them become 4 V?
(Take ln 5 = 1.6, ln 3 = 1.1)
2 μF

A B

a) 2 b) 3 c) 2.5 d) 3

52. An8 μF capacitor is connected across a 220 V, 50 Hz line. What is the peak value of
2

charge through the capacitor?

a) −3 b) −4 c) −5 d) −2
2.5 ×10 C 2.5 ×10 C 5 ×10 C 7.5 ×10 C
53. What reading would you expect of a square-wave current, switching rapidly between
+0.5 A and −0.5 A, when passed through an ac ammeter?
a) 0 b) 0.5 A c) 0.25 A d) 1.0 A

54. A capacitor of 10 μF and an inductor of 1 H are joined in series. An ac of 50 Hz is applied

to this combination. What is the impedance of the combination?
2 2 2 2
a) 5(π −5) b) 10(10−π ) c) 10(π −5) d) 5(10−π )
Ω Ω Ω Ω
55. Two resistors are connected in series across as 5 V rms source of alternating potential.
π π π π

The potential difference across 6 Ω resistor is 3 V. If R is replaced by a pure inductor L of

such magnitude that current remains same, then the potential difference across L is

a) 1V b) 2V c) 3V d) 4V

Page|9
56. For the circuit shown in Fig, the ammeter A2 reads 1.6 A and ammeter A3 reads 0.4 A.
Then

a) ω= 4 b) f = 2 π
√ LC √ LC
c) The ammeter A reads 1.2 A d) The ammeter A reads 2A

57. In the above question, the capacitance in the circuit is

1 1

a) 100 F b) 25 F c) √125 × 75 F 1
F d)
100 π 100 π 100 π √ 125× 75
58. A direct current of 5 A is superimposed on an alternating current I =10 sin ωt flowing
100 π

through a wire. The effective value of the resulting current will be

a) (15/2) A d) 15 A
b)
5 √3 A c)
5 √ 5A
59. The rms value of an ac of 50 Hz is 10 A. The time taken by an alternating current in
reaching from zero to maximum value and the peak value will be
a) −2
2 ×10s and 14.14 A b) −2
s and 7.07 A
1 ×10
c)
5 ×10
−3
s and 7.07 A d)
5 ×10
−3
s and 14.14 A
60. An AC voltage source of variable angular frequency ω and fixed amplitude V 0 is
connected in series with a capacitance C and an electric bulb of resistance R (inductance
zero). When ω is increased
a) The bulb glows dimmer b) The bulb glows brighter

c) Total impedance of the circuit is d) Total impedance of the circuit increases

unchanged
61. An ac is given by equation I =I 1 cos ωt+ I 2 sin ωt . The rms value of current is given by

√
2
a) I 1 + I 2 b) ( I 1 + I 2 )
2 2
c) I 21 + I 22 d) I 1 + I 2
2 √2 2
62. A resistance of 20 Ω is connected to a source of an alternating potential V =220 sin(100 πt )
2

. The time taken by the current to change from the peak value to rms value, is
a) 0.2 s b) 0.25 s
2.5 ×10 s 2.5 ×10 s
c) −3 d) −3

63. In the circuit given in Fig V C =50 V and R=50 Ω. The values of C and V R are

a) 3.3 mF , 60 V b) 104 μF ,98 V c) 52 μF , 98 V d) 2 μF , 60 V

64. In a black box of unknown elements ( L or R or any other combination), an ac voltage

E=E0 sin(ωt + ϕ) is applied and current in the circuit was found to be I =I 0 sin [ωt+ ϕ +(π / 4)].
Then the unknown elements in the box may be
P a g e | 10
 a) Only capacitor

b) Inductor and resistor both

c) Either capacitor, resistor and inductor or only capacitor and resistor

d) Only resistor

65. If a direct current of value a ampere is superimposed on an alternative current I =b sin ωt

flowing through a wire, what is the effective value of the resulting current in the circuit?

[ ] [ ] [ ]
1/ 2 2 1/ 2 1 /2
a) a2− 1 b 2 b) 2 1/ 2 c) a d) a2 + 1 b2
2
[a +b ]
2
2
+b
2
2
66. In the circuit shown in Fig, the rims currents I 1 , I 2 and I 3 are altered by varying the
frequency f of the oscillator. The output voltage of the oscillator remains sinusoidal and
has a fixed amplitude
Which curves in figure correctly indicate the variation with frequency of the currents
I 1 , I 2 ,and I 3?

I1 I2 I3
a) QQQ b) R QQ c) Q P R d) Q R P

67. A sinusoidal alternating current of peak value I 0 passes through a heater of resistance R .
What is the mean power output of the heater?
2
a) I 2 R b) I 0 R c) 2 I 2 R d) √ 2 I 2 R
0 0 0

68. In the above question, the capacitive reactance in the circuit is

2

a) 100 Ω b) 25 Ω c) d) 400 Ω
√ 125 ×75 Ω
69. An ideal choke takes a current of 10 A when connected to an ac supply of 125 V and 50
Hz. A pure resistor under the same conditions takes a current of 12.5 A. If the two are
connected to an ac supply of 100 V and 40 Hz, then the current in series combination of
above resistor and inductor is
a) b) 12.5 A c) 20 A d) 10 A
√
10/ 2 A
70. Current in an ac circuit is given by I =3 sin ωt +4 cos ωt , then

P a g e | 11
 a) rms value of current is 5 A

b) Mean value of this current in any one half period will be 6 /π

c) If voltage applied is V =V m sin ωt , then the circuit may be containing resistance and
capacitance only
d) If voltage applied is V =V sin ωt , the circuit may contain resistance and inductace only

71. In the circuit of Fig the source frequency is ω=2000 rad/s. The current in the circuit will
m

be

a) 2 A b) 3.3 A c) d)
2/ √ 5 A √5 A
72. Power factor is one for

a) Pure resistor b) Pure inductor

c) Pure capacitor d) Either an inductor or a capacitor

Multiple Correct Answers Type

73. The magnetic flux (ϕ) linked with a coil depends on time t as ϕ=al n , where a∧n are
constants. The emf induced in the coil is e
a) If 0< n<1 , e=0 b) If 0< n<1 , e ≠ 0∧|e| decreases with time

c) If n=1 ,e is constant d) If n>1 ,|e| increases with time

74. The previous questions, in position i of the loop,

a) The induced emf will increase linearly as b) The induced emf will increase from 0 to
the loop enters the field Bav sharply as the edge AC crosses PQ
c) the induced emf will have a constant d) The loop will experience a force to the left
value B a v
2
after entering the field partially
75. In an RLC series circuit shown in Fig, the readings of voltmeter V 1 and V 2 are 100 V and
120 V, respectively. The source voltage is 130 V. For this situation mark out the correct
statement(s)

a) Voltage across resistor, inductor and capacitor are 50 V, 50 √ 3 V and 120+50 √ 3 V,

respectively
b) Voltage across resistor, inductor and capacitor are 50 V, 50 √ 3 V and 120−50 √ 3 V,
respectively
c) Power factor of the circuit is 5
13
P a g e | 12
 d) The circuit is capacitive in nature

76. The conductor ABCDE has the shape shown in figure. It lies in the y−z plane, with A∧E
on the y-axis. When it moves with a velocity v in a magnetic field B, an emf e is induced
between A∧E

e = 0, if v is in y- e=2 Bav , if v is in e=Bλv , if v is∈ x - e=Bλv , if v is∈ x -

a) direction and B is b) the y-direction and c) direction and B is d) direction and B is
the x - direction B is in x -direction in x -direction in z -direction
77. Resonance occurs in a series LCR circuit when the frequency of the applied emf is 1000
Hz
a) When frequency = 900 Hz, then the current through the voltage source will be ahead
of emf of the source
b) The impedance of the circuit is minimum at f =1000 Hz

c) At only resonance the voltage across L and C differ in phase by 180 °

d) If the value of C is doubled, resonance occurs at f =2000 Hz

78. In an ac circuit shown below in Fig, the supply voltage has a constant rms value V but
variable frequency f . At resonance, the circuit

a) Has current I given by I = V

b) Has a resonance frequency 500 Hz

R

c) Has a voltage across the capacitor which is 180 ° out of phase with that across the
inductor
V
d) Has a current given by
I=

√ ( )
2
1 1
R 2+ +
π π
79. Which of the following statements are true? Heat produced in a current carrying
conductor depends upon
a) The time for which the current flows in the conductor

P a g e | 13
 b) The resistance of the conductor

c) The strength of the current

d) The nature of current (ac or dc)

80. A choke coil of resistance 5 Ω and inductance 0.6 H is in series with a capacitance of
10 μF . If a voltage of 200 V is applied and the frequency is adjusted to resonance, the
current and voltage across the inductance and capacitance are I 0 ,V 0 , and V 1
respectively. We have
a) I =40 A b) V =9.8kV c) V =9.8kV d) V =19.6 kV

81. In previous question, the plane of the coil is initially kept parallel to B. All other details
0 0 1 1

remain the same

a) If θ=90 ° ,Q= BAn b) If θ=180° , Q= 2 BAn
R R
c) If θ=180° , Q=0 d) If θ=360 ° , Q=0

82. In the given circuit, the AC source has ω=100 rad / s, considering the inductor and
capacitor to be ideal, the correct choice ( s) is (are)

a) The current through the circuit, I is 0.3 A

b) The current through the circuit, I is

0.3 √ 2 A
c) The voltage across 100 Ω resistor
¿ 10 √ 2V
d) The voltage across 50 Ω resistor ¿ 10 V

An alternating e .m.f. of frequency v ¿

( 2 π √1LC ) is applied to a series LCR circuit. For this
83.

frequency of the applied e .m.f.

a) The circuit is at resonance and its impedance is made up only of a reactive part

b) The current in the circuit is in phase with the applied e .m . f . and the voltage across R
equals the applied e mf
c) The sum of the p.d.’s across the inductance and capacitance equals the applied e .m.f.
which is 180 ° ahead of phase of the current in the circuit
The quality factor of the circuit is ωL /R or 1/ωCR and this is a measure of the voltage
d) magnification (produced by the circuit at resonance) as well as the sharpnes of
resonance of the circuit
84. An L-C circuit has capacitance C 1=C and inductance L1=i . A second circuit has C 2=C /2
and L2=2 L and a third circuit has C 3=2 C∧L3 =L/2. All the three capacitors are charged
to the same potential V, and then made to oscillate. Then
a) Maximum current is greatest in second b) Maximum current is greatest in third
circuit circuit

P a g e | 14
 c) Maximum current is greatest in first d) Angular frequency of oscillation is same
circuit for all the three circuits
85. In an ac circuit, the power factor

a) Is zero when the circuit contains an ideal resistance only

b) Is unity when the circuit contains an ideal resistance only

c) Is zero when the circuit contains an ideal inductance only

d) Is unity when the circuit contains an ideal inductance only

Assertion - Reasoning Type

This section contain(s) 0 questions numbered 86 to 85. Each question contains STATEMENT
1(Assertion) and STATEMENT 2(Reason). Each question has the 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and
(d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.

a) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True; Statement 2 is correct explanation for

Statement 1

b) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True; Statement 2 is not correct explanation for

Statement 1

c) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is False

d) Statement 1 is False, Statement 2 is True

86

Statement 1: Inductance coil are made of copper.

Statement 2: Induced current is more in wire having less resistance

87

Statement 1: If the frequency of alternating current in an ac circuit consisting of an

inductance coil is increased then current gets decreased
Statement 2: The current is inversely proportional to frequency of alternating current

88

Statement 1: Average value of ac over a complete cycle is always zero

Statement 2: Average value of ac is always defined over half cycle

89

Statement 1: In a series RLC circuit, if V R ,V L and V C denote rms voltage across R , L and
C ,respectively and V S is the rms voltage across the source, then
V S =V R +V L +V C

P a g e | 15
 Statement 2: In ac circuits, Kirchhoff’s voltage law is correct at every instant of time

90

Statement 1: The energy stored in the inductor of 2 H, when a current of 10 A flows

through it is 100 J.
Statement 2: Energy stored in an inductor is directly proportional to its inductance.

91

Statement 1: Two identical heaters are connected to two different sources one DC and
other AC having same potential difference across their terminals. The heat
produced in heater supplied with AC source is greater.
Statement 2: The et impedance of a AC source is greater than resistance.

92

Statement 1: In series L−C−R circuit resonance can take place

Statement 2: Reasonance takes place if inductive and capacitive reactance are equal
and opposite.
93

Statement 1: Capacitor serves as a block for dc and offers an easy path to ac

Statement 2: Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency

94

Statement 1: The divisions are equally marked on the scale of ac ammeter

Statement 2: Heat produced is directly proportional to the current

95

Statement 1: KVL rule is also being applied in ac circuit shown below

V C in the circuit =2V

Statement 2: An inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are connected in series. The
combination is connected across an ac source
96

Statement 1: The average value of alternating emf is 63.69% of the peak value.

Statement 2: The rms value of alternating emf is 70.72% of peak value.

P a g e | 16
97

Statement 1: For an electric lamp connected in series with a variable capacitor and ac
source, its brightness increases with increase in capacitance
Statement 2: Capacitive reactance decreases with increase in capacitance of capacitor

98

Statement 1: The capacitor blocks DC but allows AC.

Statement 2: The capacitor offers infinite resistance to DC.

99

Statement 1: If a variable frequency AC source is connected to a capacitor, the

displacement current in it increases with increase in frequency.
Statement 2: The increase in frequency results in an increase of impedance.

100

Statement 1: The mutual inductance of two coils is doubled if the self-inductance of the
primary or secondary coil is doubled.
Statement 2: Mutual inductance is proportional to the self-inductance of primary and
secondary coils.
101

Statement 1: Ac is more dangerous than dc

Statement 2: Frequency of ac is dangerous for human body

102

Statement 1: An inductance and a resistance are connected in series with an ac circuit.

In this circuit the current and the potential difference across the
resistance lags behind potential difference across the inductance by an
angle π /2
Statement 2: In LR circuit voltage leads the current by phase angle which depends on
the value of inductance and resistance both
103

Statement 1: In a series R−L−C circuit the voltage across resistor, inductor and
capacitor are 8V, 16V and 10V respectively. The resultant emf in the
circuit is 10.
Statement 2: Resultant emf of the circuit is given by the relation E= V 2 + ( V −V )2
√ R L C

104

Statement 1: The alternating current lags behind the e .m.f. by a phase angle of π /2,
when ac flows through an inductor
Statement 2: The inductive reactance increases as the frequency of ac source decreases

105

Statement 1: A sinusoidal AC current flows through a resistance R . If the peak current

P a g e | 17
 is I 0 , then the power dissipated is
2
R I0
.
Statement 2: For purely resistive circuit, power factor cos ϕ=1.
2

106

Statement 1: When capacitive reactance is smaller than the inductive reactance in LCR
circuit, e .m.f. leads the current
Statement 2: The phase angle is the angle between the alternating e .m.f. and
alternating current of the circuit
107

Statement 1: In a series LCR circuit, at resonance condition power consumed by circuit

is maximum
Statement 2: At resonance condition, the effective resistance of circuit is maximum

108

Statement 1: An alternating current shows magnetic effect

Statement 2: Alternating current varies with time

109

Statement 1: A capacitor of suitable capacitance can be used in an ac circuit in place of

the choke coil
Statement 2: A capacitor blocks dc and allows ac only

110

Statement 1: In a series R-L-C circuit the voltages across resistor, inductor and capacitor are 8 V,
16 V and 10 V respectively. The resultant emf in the circuit is 10 V.
√
Statement 2: Resultant emf of the circuit is given by the relation. E= V 2 + ( V −V )2
R L C

111

Statement 1: Peak current through each remains same

Statement 2: Average power delivered by source is equal to average power developed

across resistance
112

Statement 1: The armature current in DC motor maximum when the motor has just
started.

Armature current is given by i= Where e = the back emf and Ra =¿

Statement 2: E−e
Ra
resistance of armature.
113

Statement 1: dc and ac both can be measured by a hot wire instrument

Statement 2: The hot wire instrument is based on the principle of magnetic effect of
current
114

P a g e | 18
 Statement 1: In a series R−L−C circuit the voltage across resistor, inductor and
capacitor are 8 V, 16 V and 10 V respectively. The resultant emf the circuit
is 10 V
Statement 2: Resultant emf of the circuit is given by the relation E= V 2 + ( V −V )2
√ R L C

115

Statement 1: In the purely resistive element of a series LCR , ac circuit the maximum
value of rms current increases with increase in the angular frequency of
the applied emf

, where I max is the peak current in a cycle

√
Statement 2: ε
I max= max , Z= R2 + ωL−
Z (
1 2
ωC )
116

Statement 1: Making or breaking of current in a coil produces no momentary current

in the neighbouring coil of another circuit
Statement 2: At the time of making or breaking of current changes.

Matrix-Match Type

This section contain(s) 0 question(s). Each question contains Statements given in 2 columns
which have to be matched. Statements (A, B, C, D) in columns I have to be matched with
Statements (p, q, r, s) in columns II.

117. You are given many resistances, capacitors and inductors. These are connected to a
variable DC voltage source (the first two circuits) or an AC voltage source of 50 Hz
frequency (the next three circuits) in different ways as shown in Column-II. When a
current I (steady state for DC or rms for AC) flows through the circuit, the corresponding
voltage V 1 and V 2 (indicated in circuits) are related as shown in Column-I. Match the two
Column-I Column- II

(A) I ≠ 0 , V 1 is proportional to I (p)

(B) I ≠ 0 , V 2 >V 1 (q)

(C) V 1=0 ,V 2=V (r)

P a g e | 19
 (D) I ≠ 0 , V 2 is proportional to I (s)

(t)

CODES :

A B C D

a) r,s,t q,r,s,t p,q q,r,s,t

b) q,r,s,t p,q r,s,t q,r

c) p,q r,s,t q,r,s,t s,t

d) r,s,t p,q q,r,s,t q,r,s,t

In series R−L−C circuit, R=100 Ω ,C= μF , and L= mH are connected to an ac

118. 100 100

source as shown in Fig

π π

The rms value of ac voltage is 220 V and its frequency is 50 Hz. In column I some
physical quantities are mentioned while in column II information about quantities are
provided. Match the entries of column I with the entries of column II
Column-I Column- II

(A) Average power dissipated in the (p) Zero

resistor is
(B) Average power dissipated in the (q) Non-zero
inductor is
(C) Average power dissipated in the (r) 163 SI units
capacitor is
(D) rms voltage across the capacitor is (s) 265.7 SI units

CODES :

A B C D

a) C,d d b a

b) b,d a a b,c

c) c a b,c d

P a g e | 20
 d) b a d a,c

119. Four different circuit components are given in each situation of column I and all the
components are connected across an ac source of same angular frequency ω=200 rad/s.
The information of phase difference between the current and source voltage in each
situation of column I is given in column II. Match the circuit components in column I
with corresponding results in column II
Column-I Column- II

(A) (p) The magnitude of required phase

difference is π /2
(B) (q) The magnitude of required phase
difference is π /4
(C) (r) The current leads in phase to source
voltage
(D) (s) The current lags in phase to source
voltage
CODES :

A B C D

a) D a c b

b) a,d b,d a a,c

c) a b a,c d

d) b,c a,d a,c b,d

120. In column I, variation of current i with time t is given in the figure. In column II, root
mean square current i rms and average current are given. Match column I with
corresponding quantities given in column II
Column-I Column- II

(A) (p) i0
i rms =
√3

(B) (q) Average current for positive half cycle

is i 0

(C) (r) Average current for positive half cycle

is
i0
2

(D) i (s) Full cycle average current is zero

i0
O t
T/ 2 T

P a g e | 21
 CODES :

A B C D

a) c b,d d b

b) a b,c a,c d

c) d a,d b,d b

d) a d b a,d

121. Consider all possibilities [ L , R , C are non-zero]

Column-I Column- II

(A) In L−R series ac circuit (p)

Current lags inductor voltage by
π

(B) In R−C series ac circuit (q) Current lags voltage by an angle less
2

than
π

(C) In L−C−R series ac circuit (r) Current leads voltage by an angle less
2

(consider all possibilities)

than
π

(D) In purely resistive ac circuit (s) Current and voltage are in phase
2

CODES :

A B C D

a) A,b c a,b,c,d d

b) d a,d c,d c

c) b,c d b a,c

d) a,b a,b b,c c

122. Match the following column

Column-I Column- II

(A) Inductance of a coil (p) Depends on resistivity

(B) Capacitance (q) Depends on shape

(C) Impedance of coil (r) Depends on medium inserted

(D) Reactance of a capacitor (s) Depends on external voltage source

CODES :

A B C D

a) B,c b,c a,b,c,d b,c,d

b) b,c a,b c,d a

P a g e | 22
 c) a b,c a,c d

d) b a,c b,c c

Linked Comprehension Type

This section contain(s) 20 paragraph(s) and based upon each paragraph, multiple choice
questions have to be answered. Each question has atleast 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of
which ONLY ONE is correct.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 123 to -123

A transformer is based on the principle of mutual induction. Input is supplied to primary coil

and output is taken across the secondary coil of the transformer. It is found that
E s nP I P
= = ,
E p ns I s
when there is no energy loss.
The efficiency of a transformer is given by
P output E s I s
η= =
Pinput E P E P

123. How much current is drawn by the primary coil of a transformer which steps down 220 V
to 44 V to operate a device with a impedance of 880 Ω ?
a) 1 A b) 0.1 A c) 0.01 A d) 0.02 A

Paragraph for Question Nos. 124 to - 124

The amount of magnetic flux ϕ linked with an area ⃗A held in a magnetic field of intensity ⃗
B is
ϕ= ⃗ A . An emf is induced in a coil when amount of magnetic flux linked with the coil
B.⃗
changes e= . Minus sign indicates that induced emf opposes the change in magnetic flux
−dϕ

responsible for its production.

dt

124. A circular coil of diameter 21 cm is held in a magnetic field of induction 10−4 T . The
magnitude of magnetic flux linked with the coil when the plane of the coil makes an
angle of 30 ° with the field is
a) −6
Wb b) 1.414 Wb c) −6
Wb d) 14.14 Wb
3.1 ×10 1.73 ×10

Paragraph for Question Nos. 125 to - 125

If the voltage in an ac circuit is represented by the equations V =220 √ 2 sin ( 314 t−ϕ ) , calculate

125. rmsvalue of the voltage

a) 220 V b) 314 V c) d)
220 √ 2V 200 / √ 2 V

P a g e | 23
Paragraph for Question Nos. 126 to - 126

The half cycle of an alternating signal is shown in Fig. It increases uniformly from zero at 0 °
to F m at α ° , it remains constant from α ° to (180−α )°, and decreases uniformly from F m at
180 °

126. The effective values of the signal is

a)
Fm (√ 1− 43 απ ) b)
Fm (√ 1+ 43 απ ) c)
Fm (√ 1− 34 απ ) d)
Fm (√ 1+ 34 απ )
Paragraph for Question Nos. 127 to - 127

127. The average value of the wave-form shown in Fig is

a) b) c) 10 d) 15
15 √ 2 10 √ 2

Paragraph for Question Nos. 128 to - 128

A 0.21 H inductor and a 12 Ω resistance are connected in series to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac source

128. The current in the circuit is

a) 220 b) 22 A c) 220 d) 22 A
A A
√ 4400 3 √5 √ 4550 5 √3

Paragraph for Question Nos. 129 to - 129

When 100 V dc is applied across a coil, a current of 1 A flows through it and when 100 V ac
of 50 Hz is applied to the same coil, only 0.5 A flows

P a g e | 24
129. The resistance is

a) 200 Ω b) 50 Ω c) 100 Ω d)
50 √ 3 Ω

Paragraph for Question Nos. 130 to - 130

A box P and a coil Q are connected in series with an ac source of variable frequency. The emf
of the source is constant at 10 V. Box P contains a capacitance of 1 μF in series with a
resistance of 32 Ω . Coil Q has a self inductance of 4.9 mH and a resistance of 68Ω in series.
The frequency is adjusted so that maximum current flows in P and Q

130. The impedance of P at this frequency is

a) 77 Ω b) 36 Ω c) 40 Ω d) 125 Ω

Paragraph for Question Nos. 131 to - 131

A series LCR circuit containing a resistance of 120 Ω has angular resonance frequency
4 ×10 rad s . At resonance the voltages across resistance and inductance are 60 V and 40 V,
5 −1

respectively

131. The value of inductance L is

a) 0.1 mH b) 0.2 mH c) 0.35 mH d) 0.4 mH

Paragraph for Question Nos. 132 to - 132

A current of 4 A flows in a coil when connected to a 12 V dc source. If the same coil is

connected to a 12 V, 50 rad/s ac source, a current of 2.4 A flows in the circuit

132. The inductance of the coil is

a) 0.02 H b) 0.04 H c) 0.08 H d) 1.0 H

Paragraph for Question Nos. 133 to - 133

An inductor 20 ×10−3 H, a capacitor 100 μF and a resistor 50 Ω are connected in series across a
source of emf V =10 sin 3.14 t

P a g e | 25
133. Then the energy dissipated in the circuit in 20 min is

a) 960 J b) 900 J c) 250 J d) 500 J

Paragraph for Question Nos. 134 to - 134

In Fig, a square loop consisting of an inductor of inductance L and resistor of resistance R is

placed between two long parallel wires. The two long straight wires have time varying
current of magnitude I =I 0 cos ωt but the directions of current in them are opposite

134. Total magnetic flux in this loop is

a) μ 0 Ia ∈2 b) 2 μ 0 Ia
∈2 c) 4 μ 0 Ia ∈2 d) μ 0 Ia ∈2
π π π 2π

Paragraph for Question Nos. 135 to - 135

In the given circuit the capacitor (C) may be charged through resitance R by battery V by
closing switch S1. Also when S1 is opened and S2 is closed the capacitor is connected in series
with inductor (L)

135. Given that the total charge stored in the LC circuit is Q 0 for t ≥ 0 . The charge on the
capacitor is
a) Q=Q cos π +
0 (2 t
√ LC ) b) Q=Q cos π − t
0 (2 √ LC )
2 2
c) Q=− LC d Q d) Q= −1 d Q
2
dt √ LC d t 2

Integer Answer Type

136. An ac ammeter is used to measure current in a circuit. When a given direct current
passes through the circuit, the ac ammeter reads 3 A. When another alternating current
passes through the circuit, the ac ammeter reads 4 A. Then find the reading of this

P a g e | 26
 ammeter (in A), if dc and ac flow through the circuit simultaneously

The average value of current i=I m sin ωt from t= to t= is how many times of I m?
137. π 3π

138. Variation of voltage with time is shown in the following figure

2ω 2ω

[Link] voltage is found to be N V. Find N

√ 2

ii. Also calculate the average value of voltage (in V)

3

139. Find the average value of current (in A) shown graphically in Fig, from t=0 to t=2 s
i (A)
10

0 1 2 t(s)

140. A series R−C combination is connected to an AC voltage of angular frequency ω=500

radian/s. If the impedance of the R-C circuit is R √ 1.25, the time constant (in millisecond)
of the circuit is

P a g e | 27
 [Link] CURRENT

: ANSWER KEY :

1) c 2) a 3) c 4) c a,b,c
5) c 6) b 7) a 8) a 9) a,c,d 10) a,c 11) b,d 12)
9) b 10) a 11) a 12) b b,d
13) a 14) b 15) d 16) b 13) b,c 1) b 2) a 3) b
17) c 18) c 19) a 20) b 4) d
21) c 22) d 23) a 24) c 5) b 6) a 7) a 8) a
25) a 26) a 27) a 28) b 9) d 10) c 11) b 12) a
29) a 30) a 31) b 32) b 13) a 14) c 15) c 16) a
33) a 34) d 35) b 36) b 17) b 18) a 19) c 20) b
37) c 38) c 39) b 40) c 21) b 22) c 23) b 24) b
41) a 42) a 43) a 44) b 25) a 26) b 27) b 28) c
45) b 46) a 47) a 48) b 29) a 30) d 31) d 1) a
49) b 50) b 51) a 52) a 2) b 3) d 4) c
53) b 54) b 55) d 56) c 5) a 6) a 1) c 2) c
57) d 58) b 59) d 60) b 3) a 4) a
61) c 62) d 63) b 64) c 5) d 6) b 7) a 8) a
65) d 66) d 67) b 68) c 9) b 10) c 11) a 12) a
69) a 70) c 71) a 72) a 13) c 1) 5 2) 0 3)
1) b,c,d 2) b,d 3) a,c,d 4) 4, 1 4) 5
a,c,d 5) 4
5) a,b 6) a,c 7) a,b,c 8)

P a g e | 28
 [Link] CURRENT

: HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :

1 (c) Erms 200V

Clearly, X L =R
∴ I rms= = =2 A
or L ×2 ×3.14 ×1000=100
Z 100 Ω

or L= At resonance, the series combination of L

100 6 (b)
H
and C gives zero impedance
2 ×3.14 ×1000

At resonance, the voltage across L and C

−3
¿ 15.9 ×10 H=15.9 mH ≈ 16 mH
are equal but opposite in phase
Since the capacitor is connected in series
2 (a)

to the resistor, current I C from the supply

7 (a)
Here, V L=V [Link] are in opposite phase.
and I R through the resistor is in phase as
Hence, they will cancel each other. Now
represented by choice (a)
the resultant potential difference is equal
to the applied potential difference ¿ 100 V
The equation of a semi-circular wave is
3 (c)
Z=R(∴ X L =X C )
x + y =a or y =a −x V rms V rms 100
2 2 2 2 2 2
∴ I rms= = = =2 A

√
+a Z R 50
1
I rms = ∫
2 a −a
2
y dx

Change on the capacitor,

8 (a)
+a
1
2
I rms = ∫
2 a −a
2 2
(a −x ) dx −6
q 0=CV =1 ×10 × 1=10 C
−6

or I 0=ω q0=¿ Maximum current

| |
+a 3 +a
1 1 2 x
¿ ∫ (a −x )dx=
Now ω=
2 2
a x− 1 1 9 1 /2
2 a −a 2a 3 −a = =( 10 )
√ LC √10 −9

( )
3 3 2
1 3 a 3 a 2a
¿ a − +a − = ∴ I 0=( 10 ) × ( 1 ×10 )= √ 10
9 1 /2 −6 −3
A=√ 1000 mA
2a 3 3 3

I rms =
√ √ 2 a2
3
2
= a
3
9
In an ac circuit, capacitor does not
(b)

consume any power. Therefore, power is

consumed by the resistor only
X L =X C at resonance
4 (c)

∴ P=I v R or 100=( 2 )2 R or R=25 Ω

2

=1 for both circuits

XL
XC
Impedance may be different if applied
10 (a)

As the current i leads the emf e by , it is

voltage is different
π

an R – C circuit
4

According to the given question,

5 (c) XC
tan ϕ=
and tan60 ° =
R
ωL 1/ωC
tan60 ° =
or
1
R R
∴ ωL=(1/ωC ) (case of resonance)
π ωC
tan =
4 R
Now Z= R + ωL−
√ 2
( 1 2
ωC )
=100 Ω ∴ ωCR=1
As ω=100 rad s
−1

P a g e | 29
 The product of C – R should be s .
1 −1 λ=300 m ,c =3× 10 m/s
8

Frequency f = =
100 c 3 ×10
8
6
=10 Hz
Resonance frequency
λ 300
Current remains unchanged in R .
11 (a)

However, it becomes half in L , because

1 1
reactance is doubled on doubling the
f= ∨L=
2 π √ LC 2 2
C4π f
frequency ∴ L=
1 −8
≡ 10 H
6 2
4 π ( 10 ) ×2.4 × 10
2 −6

12 (b)
E v =√ 1202+ 1602=200 V 19 (a)
Given, V C =3 V R=3 (V −V C )
13 (a) Here, V is the applied potential.
∴ V C= V
i 3=i 1+ i2 =3 sin ωt+ 4 cos ωt 3
¿ 3 sin ωt +4 sin(ωt +90 ° ) 4
Or V ( 1−e )= 3 V
−t /τ C
4
−t / τ C 1
∴e = … (i)
4
Here, τ C =CR=10 s
Substituting this value of τ C in Eq.(i) and
solving for t, we get
i 30=√ i210 +i 220=√ 32 +4 2=5
4
tan ϕ= ⇒ ϕ=53 ° t=1 3.8 6 s
3
So i 3=i 30 sin (ωt +ϕ )=5 sin(ωt +53 °) 20 (b)

Charging current, I =
−t
E RC
Wattles component of ac
14 (b) e
Taking log both sides,
R
Ev X L Ev X L 220 ×ωL
¿ I V sin ϕ= = 2 = 2 2 2
Z Z Z (R +ω L )
As ωL=0.7 ×2 π ×50=220 Ω
log I =log ( ER )− RCt
When R is doubled, slope of curve
Hence, wattless component of ac
increases. Also at t = 0, the current will
be less. Graph Q represents the best.
200 ×(220)
¿ =0.5 A
(2202 +220 2)
21 (c)
15 (d) E1=E 0 sin ωt ; E 2=E0 sin[ωt +(π /3)]
T

∫ Vdt E=E2 + E1
¿V≥ 0
=0 ¿ E0 sin [ωt +(π /3)]+ E0 sin ωt
T

∫ dt ¿ E0 [2 sin { ωt + ( π /6 ) } cos (π /6)]

0 ¿ √ 3 E0 sin[ωt +(π /6)]
16 (b)
22 (d)
Z=√ R 2+ X 2C If an ac source E=E0 sin ωt is applied
across an inductance and capacitance in
√ ( )
2

parallel, the current in inductance will lag

1
¿ ( R )2 +
the applied voltage while that across the
ωC
In case (b) capacitance (c) will be more.
Therefore, impedance Z will be less. capacitor will lead, and so,
Hence current will be more.
( )
E0 π
I L= sin ωt− =−0.8 √ 2 cos ωt
XL 2
17 (c)
P a g e | 30
 Therefore, ac reading
I C=
V
( π
)
sin ωt + =0.6 √ 2 cos ωt

√
XC 2 I 20
So the current drawn from the source ¿ 36+ = √ 36+ 64=10 A
2
I =I L + I C =−0.2 √ 2 cos ωt
I 0 0.02 √ 2 26 (a)
I rms = = =0.2 A E 100
√2 √2 R= =
I 1
=100 Ω

For ac: Z=[ R2 + ( 2 πfL )2 ]

1/ 2

After time t, thickness of liquid will

23 (a)
E v 100
remain
Z= = =200 Ω
d
3 (
−vt . ) I v 0.5
or 200=[ ( 100 )2 + ( 100 πL )2 ]
Now, time constant as function of time
1 /2

τ c =CR Solving, we get L=0.55 H

( )
ε 0( 1) . R ε0 A
Current leads emf so the circuit is R−C
27 (a)
¿ Applying C=
(d − d3 + vt )+ d /3−vt
2
d−t +
t
k tan ϕ=X C / R , ϕ=45 ° , R=1000 Ω , ω=100
6 ε0 R C=?
Since tan 45 °= , So C=10 μF
¿ 1
5 d+ 3 vt
ωCR

The circuit will have inductive nature if

24 (c)
28 (b)
V rms =√ 162 +202=25.6V
ω>
1
√ LC
ωL>
( 1
√ LC )
Hence (a) is false. Also, if circuit has
In an ac circuit, a pure inductor does not
29 (a)

inductive nature the current will lag

consume any power. Therefore, power is
behind voltage. Hence (d) is also false
consumed by the resistor only
If ω= ( the circuit will have
)
1 1 2
ωL= ∴ P=I v R
or 108=( 3 ) R or R=12 Ω
√ LC ωC
resistance nature. Hence (b) is false
2

R
Power factor,
cos ϕ=¿ =1 ¿ 30 (a)

√ ( )
2
1 V0 4V0
R2 + ωL− V= t ;V = t
ωC T /4 T
If ωL= . Hence (c) is true
√
1 4V0
ωC V rms = ¿ V 2 >¿= √ ¿ t> ¿ ¿ ¿
T

{ }
1 /2

Resultant current is superposition of two

T/4
25 (a)
∫t 2
dt
currents, i.e., I (instantaneous total
4V0 0 V0
¿ =
current)¿ 6+ I 0 sin ωt
T T/4
√3
∫ dt
dc ammeter will read average value 0

¿ 6+ I 0 sin ωt=6 (∴ I 0 sin ωt=0)

ac ammeter will read
31 (b)

Given that E0 =10 V , t=

1
s
√
¿ ( 6+ I 0 sin ωt )
2
600
¿ √ 36+12 I 0 sin ωt + I 0 sin ωt (∴ I 0 sin ωt=0)
2 2 ∴ E=E 0 cos 2 πft

Since sin ωt= and I rms =8=

2 1
2
I0
√2 0
⇒ I =8 √ 2 A [
¿ 10 cos 2 π ×50 ×
1
600 ]
¿ 10 cos (π /6)=10( √ 3/2)=5 √ 3 V

P a g e | 31
 Here inductance and resistance are
32 (b) f0 600 600
¿ = = =6
connected in series. We know that in case
f 2−f 1 650−550 100

of resistance, both current and potential 38 (c)

difference are in the same phase. In R
inductor voltage leads current by π /2
cos ϕ=

√ ( ωC −ωL)
2
2 1
R+

Putting the values, C=500 μF

39 (b)
IR = 2
33 (a)
V = 200
E=E0 cos ωt I
V
∴ ω=50 π I' = X - X = 2
L C
2 πf =50 π ⇒ f =25 Hz
In one cycle ac current becomes zero
IR = 2

twice. Therefore, 50 times the current V = 200

becomes zero in 1 s
I
V
I' = X - X = 2
L C

34 (d) V 200
Since, cos ϕ=
I R= = =2 A
R IR 8 4 R 100
= = =
(Also cos ϕ can never be greater than 1)
Z IZ 10 5 ' V 200
I= = =2 A
Hence (c) is wrong
X L −X C 100

Also I X C > I X L ⇒ X C > X L

I =√ I 2R + I ' 2 =2 √ 2 A

∴Current will be leading

In an LCR circuit,
40 (c)
V R=I v R=1 ×50=50 Ω
√
V = ( v L −v C ) + v =√ ( 6−12 ) + 8
2 2 2 2
V L= √ E 2v −V 2R=√ 2202−50 2=214 V
V =10 ; which is less than voltage drop
R

across capacitor 41 (a)

35 (b)
X L =2 πfL=2 π ( 50π )× 1=100 Ω
E=E0 sin ωt
Voltage read is rms value
1
XC=
2 πfC
∴ E0= √ 2 ×234 V =331 V 1
and ωt=2 πft=2 π ×50 ×t=100 πt
¿

thus, the equation of the line voltage is

2π ( 50π ) ×20 × 10 −6

give by ¿ 500 Ω
E=331sin (100 πt ) Impedence Z = ( R ) + ( X c− X L )
√ 2 2

¿ √ ( 300 ) + ( 400 )
2 2
36 (b)
1 1 4
XC= = =10 Ω
ωC 100 ×10 −6
¿ 500 Ω

So, I rms =
E rms 50 √ 2
= =5 mA
Z √ 2×10 4
The equivalent primary load is
42 (a)

Quality factor
37 (c)
R1= ( ) ( )
N1 2
N2
R2 =
20 2
1
( 6.0 )=2400 Ω

P a g e | 32
 Current in the primary coil
As resistance of the lamp
48 (b)
240 240
¿ = =0.1 A
R1 2400 2
V S 100 2
R= = =200 Ω
P0 50
43 (a)
The rms current I =
V 100 1
v=v 0 sin [ωt +(π /4)] = = A
So when the lamp is put in series with a
R 200 2
¿ v 0 cos [ωt−(π /4)]
Since V lags current, an inductor can capacitance and run at 200 V ac, from
bring it in phase with current V =IZ , we have
V 200
Z= = =400 Ω
I (1/2)
Now as in case of C−R circuit,

√ ( )
2
1
Z= R 2+
The period of sinusoidal voltage, T =0.4 s
44 (b) ωC

i.e., R +(
ωC )
2
1 2
1 1 =160000
f= = =2.5 Hz
N lags M by 0.1 s which is equivalent to
T 0.4
or, (
ωC )
2
1 4 2 4
=16 × 10 −( 200 ) =12 ×10

( ) 2 π or rad
0.1 π
1
=√ 12 ×10
2
0.4 2
ωC
Thus, the lead of N over M is – rad
π
1
2 C= F
100 π × √ 12 ×10
2

45 (b) 100 50
Here R=X L= X C ¿ voltage across them is
C= μF= =9.2 μF
π √ 12 π √3
same)
When capacitor is short circuited,
49 (b)

Resistance of bulb: R= =
2 2
10 10 V 0 ( 220 )
I = 2 2 1/ 2 = =44 Ω
P0 1100
When L is maximum, power consumed
( R + X L) √ 2 R
∴Potential drop across inductance
will be minimum

Which is P=
I X L =IR=10/ √ 2V 1100
=220W
5
Now P=I v R ⇒ 220=I v × 44 ⇒ I v =√ 5 A
46 (a) 2 2
Ev R
P=E v I v cos ϕ ; P=E v Ev 220
Z Z I v = ⇒ √ 5= ⇒ X L =88 Ω
or P=
2
Ev R 110 ×110 ×11
Z √ 442 + X 2L
2
= =275 W 22
Z 22 ×22 ⇒ 2 πf Lmax =88 ⇒ 2 × × 50 Lmax =88 ⇒ Lmax =0.28 H
7

Given:
47 (a)
50 (b)
Voltage in primary coil, V P=200 V
6
1 10 20
Current in primary coil, i p=2 A
XC= = = Ω
2 πfC 2 π 50× 500 11
Voltage in secondary coil, V s =2000 V
−3
X L =2 πfL=2 π ×50 × 10× 10 =π Ω
The relation for the current in the Since X L < X C , so inductive branch has less
secondary coil is impedance, and so more current. Hence
V s i p 2000 2 2× 200 B2 will be brighter
= ⇒ = = =0.2 A
V p is 200 i s 2000
Voltage across the capacitors will
51 (a)

P a g e | 33
 increase from 0 to 10 V exponentially.
The voltage at time t will be given by
XC 1
⇒ =4 ⇒ =4
XL ωCωL
−t / τ C
V =10 (1−e ) 1
Here τ C =C net R net =( 1× 10
⇒ ω=
6
) ( 4 ×10−6 ) =4 s 2 √ LC
∴ V =10 (1−e )
−t / 4 ω 1
Substituting V =4 volt, we have,
⇒f= =
2 π 4 π √ LC
4=10(1−e−t /4 ¿ 57 (d)
−t / 4 3 1
e =0.6= =√125 × 75
Taking log both sides we have,
5
Here ω=2 πf =2 π ×50=100 π radian/sec
ωC

−t 1
=¿ 3−¿ 5 ∴ C= F
t =4 ( ¿ 5−¿ 3 ) =2 s .
4
or
100 π √ 125 × 75

Given l=5+10 sin ωt

58 (b)
52 (a)

[ ][
q 0=C E 0=8 ×10 × 220 √ 2=2.5 ×10 C
−6 −3 1/ 2
T

∫I 2
dt

]
T 1 /2
53 (b) 1
= ∫ ( 5+10 sin ωt ) dt
0 2
I eff =
T 0
( ) ()
T
T T
2
( 0.5 ) R
2
+ ( 0.5 )2 R
2
=I 2rms RT ∫ dt
0

or I rms = A=0.5 A
1

[ ]
T 1 /2
1
2 ¿ ∫ ( 25+100 sin ωt +100 sin ωt )
2
T 0

But as
54 (b)
Here, X L =ωL=2 πfL=2 π ×50 ×1=100 π Ω
T
1
∫ sin ωt dt=0
T 0
3
1 1 1 10
and
X c= = = = Ω 1
T
ωC 2 πfC 2 π ×50 × 10× 10−6
π ∫ sin2 ωt dt= 12
So,
T 0

so I eff = 25+ ×100

|| [ ]| [ ]
1 /2

|
3 2 1
10 2 π −10 =5 √3 A
X =|X L −X C|= 100 π − = 10 Ω 2
π π

Time for reaching maximum or peak

59 (d)
55 (d)

value from 0
V 6 Ω =3=6 I V ∴ I V =0.5 A
1 5 T 1 1 1
I V = = 2 2 , X L =8 Ω ¿ = × s=
−3
s=5 × 10 s
2 √6 + X L 4 4 50 200
Now, V L=I V ∙ X L= × 8=4 V
1 I 0=10 √ 2 A=14.14 A
2
60 (b)

The current of 1.6 A lags emf in phase by

56 (c) V rms
Z=√ R + X C :I rms =
2 22
: P=I rms R
π /2. The current of 0.4 A leads emf in
Z

phase by π /2. So, these two currents are Where

1
XC=
180 ° out of phase with each other
ωC
As ω is increased, X C will decrease or Z will
∴Net current, I 1=( 1.6−0.4 ) A=1.2 A
decrease. Hence I rms ∨Pwill increase.
and 0.4= Therefore, bulb glows brighter.
Ev Ev
Hence the correct option is (b).
1.6=
XL XC

61 (c)

P a g e | 34
 I =I 1 cos ωt+ I 2 sin ωt As current at any instant in the circuit
(I) 2 2 2 2 2
=I cos ωt+ I sin ωt+ 2 I 1 I 2 cos ωt sin ωt will be
mean 1 2
I =I dc + I ac =a+ b sin ωt
1 2 1

[ ][
2
¿ I 1 × + I 2 × +2 I 1 I 2 × 0 T 1/ 2
2 2
∫I 2
dt

√ So, I eff =
]
T 1 /2
I 21+ I 22 1
I rms =√ I mean= = ∫ ( a+b sin ωt ) dt
2
( ) 2 0

2 T
T 0
∫ dt
i.e., I eff =¿ ¿
0

Both V and I are in the same phase. So,

62 (d)

let us calculate the time taken by the

voltage to change from peak value to rms but as ∫ sin ωt dt=0 and ∫ sin ωt dt=
T T
1 1 2 1

value. Now, 220=220 sin 100 π t 1

T 0 T 0 2

so, I eff = a + b
[ ]
1 /2
1 2
or 100 π t 1= or t 1= s
2
π 1
2
2 200
Again,
220
Reactance of the inductor O is given by
=220 sin 100 π t 2 66 (d)
√2
X L =2 πfL. Therefore, rms current through
or =sin100 π t 2 or 100 π t 2=
1 3π
√2 4 inductor L is I 2
or t 2= s ∝ whereV is the rms of the supply
3 V 1
400 ¿
voltage. Reactance of the capacitor C is
2 πfL f
Required time ¿ t 2−t 1 =
1 −3
s=2.5 ×10 s
given by X C =
400 1

Therefore, rms current through the

63 (b)
2πf C

capacitor is
2 2 2
V C +V R=V
50 +V R=110 ⇒ V R =√ 160 × 60=98 V
2 2 2
V
I 3= =2 πf CV ∝ f
XC
The total current I 1 is given by I 1=I 2+ I 3

¿ ( 2 VπfL −2 πfCV )
Then, I V =
√ 160× 60 (∴ R=50 Ω) Thus, I 2 is best represented by curve R
50 I 3 is best represented by curve P
Also, I V =
98
∴ =
110
110 I 1 is best represented by curve Q
√R + XC
2 2 50 √50 2+ X 2C
Flux X C and now using X C = , we get Root mean square current of the
1 67 (b)
ωC
sinusoidal waveform, I =
C=104 μF I0
√2
Power output of the heater,
Since current is leading emf, capacitor
64 (c)

must be present in the circuit. Along with

( )
2 2
I0
2 I0 R
capacitor there can be either (i) only
P=I R= R=
√2 2
resistor or (ii) resistor and inductor if
68 (c)

Impedance Z= or Z=
XC> XL
In both of the above conditions, we can
Ev 200
=100 Ω
obtain a phase difference of π /4 with
Iv 2

current leading emf But Z =R + ( )

2
2 2 1
ωC
65 (d)
P a g e | 35
 For n>1 ,∨e∨¿ increases with time.
or ( )
2
1 2 2 2 2
=Z −R = (100 ) −( 25 ) =125 × 75
ωC
As soon as edge AC of loop crosses PQ,
74 (b,d)
or X C =
1
= √ 125 ×75 Ω
induced emf will increases from 0 ¿ B a v .
ωC
Also , the loop will experience a force to
the left opposing its entry into the field.
69 (a)
125
R= =10 Ω
12.5
75 (a,c,d)
V 125
X L =ωL=2 πfL= = =12.5 V R +V L =100 ,|V C −V L|=120
2 2 2
I 10
' '
∴ X L=2 πL× f =0.25× 40=10 Ω
Impedance of the circuit
Z=√ R 2+ X 2L=10 / √ 2 Ω

∴ Current ¿
100
=10 / √ 2 A
10 √ 2

70 (c) 2 2 2
130 =V R + ( V C −V L ) ⇒ V R =50 V
i=3 sin ωt + 4 cos ωt
⇒ V L =√ 100 2−502=50 √ 3 V
3
[ 4
]
¿ 5 sin ωt + cos ωt =5[sin(ωt+ δ)]
5 5 V C =120+ 50 √ 3 V

rms value ¿
5 V R 50 5
A cos ϕ= = =
V 130 13
Since C <V L, so circuit is capacitive
√2
If voltage applied is V =V m sin ωt then I , V
given by Eq. (i), indicates that it is ahead
of V by δ where 0< δ< 90 which indicates
e=0 , when conductor moves along its
76 (a,c,d)

that the circuit contains R and C

length. In (c) and (d), conductor moves at
If we find average value for first half
right angle to its length and B is
period (0¿T /2), then it will be 6 /π A. But
perpendicular to that, therefore, e=Blv .
for different time interval, it will be
different 77 (a,b)
( f =900 Hz zHzH ) <(f res=1000 Hz), so X C > X L ,
circuit becomes capacitive and current
71 (a)

leads emf
−3
X L =Lω=5 ×10 × 2000=10 Ω
1 1 100 At resistance, impedance is minimum.
Not only at resonance, but at all
XC= = = Ω=10 Ω
Cω 50 ×10 × 2000 10
−6

Since, X L =X C , therefore conditions voltage across L and C differs

Z=R=5.9+ 0.10+4=10 Ω in phase by 180 ° when connected in
Ev 20 series
I v = = A=2 A
Z 10
78 (a,c)
1 1
Concept based
72 (a) f res = =

73 (b,c,d)
2 π √ LC

At resonance, Z=R
1 1

,
π π
2π
× ×10
−6

√
As e=
So current I = =
−dϕ −d
= ( a t n )=−a n t n −1 V V

For 0< n<1 , e ≠ 0∧¿ e∨¿ decreases with

dt dt
When L ad C are in series, voltage across
Z R

time.
capacitor and inductor is 180 ° out of
For n=1 ,e=−a=¿ constant

P a g e | 36
phase
H−I Rt /4.2 (Heat produced in a
79 (a,b,c)
2

conductor is independent of the nature of

current. If the current flowing in a
conductor changes its direction, then also
heat being produced in it will not
change). Hence, (a), (b) and (c) are true

The frequency
80 (a,b,c)

f=
1
2π √ 1
=
1
LC 2 π √
The current at resonance is
1
0.6 ×10 × 10−6
=65 Hz

200 V
I o= =40 A
5Ω
The quantity V 0=I 0 R 2+ ( ωL )√ 2

¿ 40 √ 25 + ( 0.6 × 2 π ×65 ) =9.8 kV

2 2

I 0 40 ×105
V 1= = =9.8 kV
ωC 2 π ×65

When plane of coil is initially parallel to

81 (a,c,d)

B, θ=90 ° .
∴ W h en θ=90 °
dϕ=n AB cos 180 °−n AB cos 90 °=−nAB . When θ=180°
dϕ=n AB cos 270 °−n AB cos 90 °=zero . When θ=360°
dϕ=n AB cos 180 °−n AB cos 90 °=zero ,∧¿ d ϕ /R

82 (a,c)
X L =ωL=10× 0.5=50 Ω
1 1
XC= = =100 Ω
ωC 100 ×100 ×10−6
100 100

I1
20 1
Z1 =100 √ 2 ; I 1= =
100 √ 2 5 √ 2
×100= × √ =10 √ 2
1 20 2
V across 100 Ω=
5 √2 √2 √2
Phase difference between I 1 and V
R1 100
cos ϕ 1= =
Z 1 100 √ 2
ϕ=π /4
I 1 lead V

20 2
Z 2=50 √2 ; I 2= =
50 √ 2 5 √2

P a g e | 37
 inductive resistance of the inductor
increases, current in the circuit decreases
2 20
V across 50 Ω= ×50= =10 √ 2
50 √ 2 √2
The mean average value of alternating
88 (b)

current (or e mf) during half cycle is given

by I m=0.636 I 0 (or Em =0.636 E0 )
During the next half cycle, the mean
value of ac will be equal in magnitude but
ϕ 2=π / 4 opposite in direction
I 2 lag V by π /4 For this reason the average value of ac
over a complete cycle is always zero. So
the average value is always defined over
I =I 1+ I 2

a half cycle of ac
I Net = √ I 21 + I 22

I=
√ 4
+
1
25 × 2 25 ×2
=
5
=
1
50 √ 10 √ Statement 1 is false because the given
89 (d)

I =0.316 relation is true if all voltages are

instantaneous
84 (b,d)

Angular frequency, ω= .As

1
The energy stored in the inductor is given
90 (b)
√ LC
L1 C 1=L2 C 2=L3 C3 ,therefore, angular by
frequency of oscillation is same for all the
three circuits. V = L i 0= ×2 × ( 10 ) =100 J
1 2 1
From conservation of mechanical energy,
2
2 2

It is obvious that energy stored is directly

1 2 1
proportional to its inductance.
2
Li 2= C V
2 2
2 C 2
i 2= V
For the case of DC, the frequency is zero
L 91 (a)

As V is constant, therefore, i 0 ∝
√ C
L and the net impedance is equal to the
resistance.
As is maximum for 3 rd circuit,
C
For the case of AC, the impedance of the
L
therefore, maximum current (i 0 ) is
AC circuit is given by
greater for 3 rd circuit.
Z=√ R 2+ ω2 L2
Since, copper consists of a very small
86 (b)
Where R=resistance , ω=¿ angular
ohmic resistance so, inductance coils are frequency and L=¿ inductance.
made of copper. A large induced current
is produced in such an inductance due to
Resonance in L−C−R series circuit takes
92 (a)
change in flux, which offers a pretty
opposition to the flow of current. place when inductive reactance and
capacitive reactance are equal and
opposite ie ,
When frequency of alternating current is
87 (a)

increasing, the effective resistance of the X L =X C

inductive coil increases. Current
(X L −ωL=2 πfL) in the circuit containing Or ω 0 L=ω0 C

inductor is given by I = . As
V V
=
X L 2 πfL

P a g e | 38
 will also increase
Or
1 1
ω 0= ∨f 0=
√C 2 π √ LC
From the formula the capacitive
98 (a)

In other words we can say that at reactance is

resonant frequency f 0= ( )
1
2 π √ LC 1 1
resonance can take place.
XC= =
ωC 2 π fC

Where ω represents angular frequency, C

The capacitive reactance of capacitor is for capacitance and f represent the
93 (a)

given by frequency.

The frequency of DC is zero hence

1 1
capacitive reactance becomes infinity.
XC= =

So this is infinite for dc ( f =0 ) and has a

ωC 2 πfC
When the same capacitor is connected
very small value of ac. Therefore a with AC, capacitive reactance is not equal
capacitor blocks dc to infinity hence capacitor allows AC to
pass through it, and offers infinite
An ac ammeter is constructed on the
94 (d)
resistance to DC.
basis of heating effect of the electric
current. Since heat produced varies as
The impedance of a capacitor is given by
99 (c)
square of current (H=I 2 R) , therefore the
division marked on the scale of ac
ammeter are not equally spaced
1
XC=
2 πfC
Voltage will be added vectorially
95 (c)
1
⇒ XC ∝
f
The average value of alternating emf
96 (b)
Thus, the impedance of the capacitor
E=E0 sin ωt over a positive half cycle is decreases with increase in the frequency
f of a source.
2 E0
Current now increase in the capacitor
E avhalf cycle = =0.6369
with decrease of impedance or
π

Percentage of E av=0.6369× 100=63.69 % resistance. This is equal to displacement

current between the plates of capacitor.
Also rms value of emf is given as
100 (c)
It two coil of inductance L1∧L2 are joined
E
Erms = 0 =0.7072
together, then their mutual inductance is
√2
Percentage Erms =0.7072 ×100=70.72 % given by

97 (a) M =k √ L1 L2

Capacitive reactance X C = . When It is clear from the relation, if self-

1
inductance of primary and secondary coil
ωC
capacitance (C) increases, the capacitive
are doubled the mutual inductance of the
reactance decreases. Due to decrease in
coils will be doubled.
its values, the current in the circuit will

increase I = and hence

( ) It is because for a given value of voltage,
E 101 (a)
√R + X
peak value of ac voltage is greater than
2 2

brightness of source (or electric lamp)

C

P a g e | 39
 the dc voltage We know that for purely resistance circuit
For e . g . , In case of 220 V ac,
power factor cos ϕ=
R R
= =1
V 0=220 √2=311 V Z R
∴ 311V will cause more harm to the
Hence, P=E rms × I rms
human body than 220 V dc

As both the inductive and resistance are

102 (b) ¿ ( R I rms ) × I rms

joined in series, hence current through

both will be same. But in case of
2
¿ R ( I rms )

resistance, both the current and potential

vary simultaneously, hence they are in ( )
2 2
I0 R I0
¿ R =
same phase. In case of an inductance
√2 2

when current is zero, potential difference 106 (b)

across it is maximum and when current The phase angle for the LCR circuit is
reaches maximum (at ω t=π /2), potential given by
difference across it becomes zero, i .e . ,
potential difference leads the current by
X L −X C ωL−1/ωC
tan ϕ= =
π /2 or current lags behind the potential
R R
Where X L , X C are inductive reactance and
difference by π /2. Phase angle in case of capacitive reactance respectively. When
LR circuit is given as ϕ=tan X L > X C then tan ϕ is positive, i .e . , ϕ is
−1 ωL
R ( ) positive (between 0 and π /2). Hence e mf
VL leads the current
107 (c)
V
VI cos ϕ
Pav =
2

At resonance condition, cos ϕ=1

I
VR

The resultant emf in the L−C−R circuit is But Z=R

103 (a)

given by
Which is minimum
√ 2
E= V R + ( V L −V C )
2

Like direct current, alternating current

108 (b)

E=√ ( 8 ) + ( 16−10 ) also produces magnetic field. But the

2 2

magnitude and direction of the field goes

on changing continuously with time
¿ √ 64+36

E=10V
We can use a capacitor of suitable
109 (b)

When ac flows through an inductor, capacitance as a choke coil because

104 (c)

current lags behind the emf by phase of average power consumed per cycle in an
π /2. Inductive reactance, X L =ωL=π .2 f . L , ideal capacitor is zero. Therefore, like a
choke coil, a condenser can reduce ac
so when frequency increases
without power dissipation
correspondingly inductive reactance also
increases
110 (a)
The resultant emf in the L – C – R circuit is given
Power dissipated is given by
105 (b)
by
√ 2 2
E= V R + ( V L −V C )
P=E rms I rms cos ϕ

P a g e | 40
 E=√ ( 8 ) + ( 16−10 ) magnetic field, which in turn produces
induced current in the neighbouring coil
2 2

of the circuit.
E=√ 64+36 ⇒ E=10 V

Average power consumed by capacitor or 117 (a)

111 (b)

inductor is zero As per given conditions, there will be no

steady state in circuit ‘p’, so it should not
be considered in options of ‘C ’
From the relation
112 (b)

E−e
i=
Ra

When the motor is started e=0 (p)

As I is steady state current
Hence, Eq (i) becomes i star t=
E
V 1=0 ; I =0
Hence, V 2=V
Ra

It is obvious that current is maximum So, of p ⇒C

when the motor has just started.

Both ac and dc produce heat, which is

113 (c)

proportional to the square of current. The

reversal of direction of current in ac is (q)
immaterial as far as production of heat is In the steady state;
concerned
V 1=0 as
dI
=0
dt
∴ V 2=V =IR or
The resultant emf in the L-C-R circuit is
114 (a)

given by V2∝I
and V 2 >V 1
√ So, of q ⇒ B , C , D
2 2
E= V R + ( V L −V C )

E=√ ( 8 ) + ( 16−10 )
2 2

= √ 64+36

E=10 V (r)
Inductive reactance
The maximum value of rmscurrent
115 (d)
X L =ωL
X L =6 π × 10 Ω and resistance
. It does not depend upon ω
−1
ε rms ε rms
¿ = ¿ R=2 Ω
So, V 1=I X L and V 2=IR
Z R

Hence, V 2 >V 1
Before making current in a coil, the
116 (d)

So, of r ⇒ A, B, D
current is zero and before breaking the
current is maximum. In other words, it is
constant in both the cases. Obviously, on
making or breaking the current in a
circuit, the current starts changing. The
changing current produces changing (s)
P a g e | 41
 Here, V 1=I X L , where X L =6 π × 10 Ω 220
−1

Also, V 2=I X C , where

I rms = =1.63 A
rms value of voltage drop across the
Z

capacitor is
4
10
XC=
3π
So, 2 >V 1
V Cv =I rms X C =163 V
Average power dissipated in the resistor
V

is
V1∝I
V2∝I
So, of s ⇒ A, B, D
2 2
Pav =I rms R=1.63 × 100=265.7 W
Average power dissipated in inductor and
capacitor would be zero

119 (d)

i. tan ϕ= =1⇒ ϕ= , current leads

1 /ωC π

(t) source voltage because reactance is

R 4

Here, V 1=IR , where capacitive

R=1000 Ω,
ii. Pure inductive circuit ϕ= , current
π
4

lags behind source voltage because

10 2
XC= Ω
3π
V 2=I X C , reactance is inductive
So, V 2 >V 1 and V 1 ∝ I ; V 2 ∝ I iii. as R=0 , tan ϕ=∞( X C > X L )
So, of t ⇒ A, B, D ωC
=1 ⇒ ϕ= , current lags behind
π
Note: for circuit ‘p’
ϕ=
source voltage because reactance is
R 4
− =0 or CV =CL + q or
inductive
Ldi q di
V−
dt C dt
2
d i dq
0=LC 2 + 120 (c)

i. For sinusoidal curve i rms = and

d t dt i0
or
2
d i −1 dq √2
average current for positive half cycle is
2
=
d t LC dt

So, i=i 0 sin ( )

1 2i 0
t +ϕ 0
√ LC
As per given conditions, there will be no ii. Let us find the average current (or rms
π

steady state in circuit ‘p’. So it should not current) for t=0 toT /4 . Then it will also
be considered in options of ‘C’ be average current (or rms current) for
∴(A) → r,s,t; (B) → q,r,s,t; (C) → p,q; (D) half cycle, i.e., from t=0 to T /2
→ q,r,s,t
for t=0 ¿ T /4 :i=
4 i0
118 (b) t
T
100 −3 T /4 T/4
4 i0
then
X L =ωL=2 π ×50 × × 10 =10 Ω
π ∫ idt ∫
T
tdt
i
0 0
XC=
1
=
1
Ω=100 Ω i av = = = 0
ωC 100 T /4 T /4 2

√
−6
2 π ×50 × × 10 T/4

Impedence of the circuit is and

π
∫ i2 dt
√
2 T/4
64 i 0 i
√ 2 2
Z= R + ( X L− X C ) =134.5 Ω
i av =
0
T /4
=
T
3 ∫ t 2 dt= √03
rms value of the current through the Full cycle average current is zero
0

circuit is iii. For positive half cycle, average

current

P a g e | 42
 ∫ idt = i0 (T /2) =i 123 (c)
¿ Here, i P =? E P=220 V , Es =44 V , Rs =880 Ω
∫ dt T /2
0

Full cycle average current is zero = A

E s 44 1
iv. Average current for positive half cycle
i s= =
R s 880 20
is i 0 As E P i P=E s i s
For full cycle, average current ∴ i P=
E s i s 44
= × =0.01A
1
E P 220 20
¿
∫ idt = i0 (T /2 ) +0 = i0
∫ dt T 2 124 (c)
A=π r =π ( 10.5 ×10 ) sqm, B=10 T

√
2 −2 2−4
T/2

and ∫ i dt 2
0
i0 θ=90 °−30 °=60 °
0
i rms = = ϕ=BA cos θ
= 10−4 × π ( 10.5× 10−2 ) cos 60°
T √2 2

Wb
i. For LR series circuit, the phasor
121 (a) ϕ=1.73 × 10
−6

diagram is as shown below 125 (a)

The peak value V 0=220 √ 2=311V
VL
V 0 220 √ 2
V rms = = =200 V
√2 √2
I VR

For finding the average value, we would

126 (a)
I lags voltage by an angle ϕ (¿ π /2)
find the total area of the trapezium and
I lags V L by an angle π /2
divide it by π (as shown in fig)
ii. For RC series ac circuit, I leads V by
Area ¿ 2 ×∆ OAE +¿rectangle ABDE
an angle less than π /2
iii. Depending on the value of L ,C and R ,
¿ 2 × ( 1/2 ) × F m α + ( π−2 α ) F m= ( π −α ) F m
circuit would be either capacitive, Average value ¿ ( π−α ) Fm /π
inductive or purely resistive. All rms value : From similar triangles, we get
possibilities can be there
or, y = 2 θ
2
y Fm Fm 2
iv. In purely resistive circuit, current and
2
=
voltage are in same phase
θ α
This gives the equation of the signal over
α

the two triangles OAE and DBC . The

signal remains constant over the angle α
122 (a)

i. L= to ( π−α ) , i.e., over an angular distance of

2
μN A

So, L depends upon shape, size (1 , A ) and

l
( π−α )−α =( π−2α )
Sum of the square
medium (μ) inserted 2 α

ii. C= ∫ θ2 dθ+ F 2m (π−2 α )=F 2m ( π− 43α )

2 Fm
εA ¿ 2
α
The mean value of the squares
d
So, C depends upon shape, size ( A , d ) and
0

medium (e ) inserted
iii. Z= R + x L
√ 2 2
¿
1 2
π
Fm π − (
) ( )
4α
3
=F 2m 1−
4α
3π

When x L =ωL , ω depends upon the rms values ¿ F

external voltage source. So, Z depends
(√ 1− 43 πα )
m

upon all the factors in column II

Equation of line AB is given by
127 (d)
iv. X C = (independent of resistivity)
1
ωC

P a g e | 43
y=10+ ( ) 10
T
t
Here,
128 (b)

X L =ωL=2 πfL=2 π ×50 × 0.21=21 π Ω

| |
2 T
=15 So, Z= R 2+ X 2 = 122 + ( 21 π )2
T T
1
T 0
1
T 0
10
T ( 1
T)
y av = ∫ y dt= ∫ 10+ t dt= 10 t +
5t
T 0 √ L √

¿ √ 12 + ( 21× 22/7 ) =√ 4500=30 √ 5 Ω

2 2

So, (a) I = =
V 220 22
= A
Z 30 √ 5 3 √ 5
and (b)

ϕ=tan
−1
( )
XL
R
=tan
−1 21 π
12
=tan ( )
−1 7 π
4 ( )
i.e., the current will lag the lag the
applied voltage

129 (a)

When dc is applied, R=
V 100
= =100 Ω
and when ac of 50 Hz is applied
I 1

V V 100
I= i. e ., Z= = =200 Ω
Z I 0.5
but, Z=√ R 2+ ω2 L2
i.e., ω 2 L2=Z 2−R2
i.e., ( 2 πfL ) =200 −100 =3 ×10 (as ω=2 πf )
2 2 2 4

So, L=
√ 3× 102 = √3 H=0.55 H
2 π ×50 π

As this circuit is a series LCR circuit,

130 (a)

current will be maximum at resonance,

i.e.,
5
1 1 10
ω= = ¿= rad /s
√ LC √ 4.9× 10 ¿(10 )
−3 −6
7

with, I = =
V 10 1
= A
R (32+68) 10
So, the impedance,
Z P=[ R 1+ ( 1/ωC ) ]
2 1/ 2
=√ 5924=77 Ω
2

131 (b)

At resonance as X =0 , I =
V 60 1
= = A
R 120 2

As V L=L X L =IωL, L=
VL
Iω
So, L=
40
5
=0.2 mH
(1 /2)×4 ×10
1 1
ω= ⇒ C=
√ LC Lω
2

P a g e | 44
 i.e., C=
1 1
= μF
0.2× 10 × ( 4 ×10 )
−3 5 2 32
Now in case of series LCR circuit,
X L −X C
tan ϕ=
So current will lag the applied voltage by
R

45 ° if,
1
ωL−

[ ]
2a 2a
ωC μ0 I μ0 Ia
tan 45 °=
R ϕ=
2π
∫ dxx +∫ ( 3 a−x
dx
)
a ; ϕ=
π
∈2

Magnitude of emf in this circuit:

a a
1 −4
1 ×120=ω ×2 ×10 − −6
ω (1/32)×10
2 5 10
ω −6 ×10 ω−16 ×10 =0 ε= |ddtϕ|= μ aπ(¿ 2)|dIdt |
0

i.e., ω= √ 2
6 ×10 ± ( 6 × 10 ) +64 × 10
5 5 10
μ 0 a∈2
ε= I 0 ω sin ωt
2 π
i.e., ω= ac current, I =
5 5
6 ×10 +10 ×10 5 μ0 a∈2 I 0 ω
=8× 10 rad /s sin(ωt−ϕ )
2 π √ R +ω L
2 2 2

132 (c)
Total charge stored in L-C circuit ¿ CV
135 (c)
When dc is applied, I = ,i.e., R= =3 Ω
V 12

Thus,
R 4 2
1 2 Q
and when ac is applied, Z=
LI + =E
V
I
=
12
2.4
=5 Ω ( )( ) ‘ E ’ is constant
2 2C

Hence,
R2 + X 2L =52 (as Z= √ R2 + X 2L )
So, X L =5 −R =5 −3 =4 , i.e., X L =4 Ω
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
2
dI 1
L (2 I ) . +
dt 2 C
.2 Q .
dQ
dt
=0 ( )
But as, X L =ωL , L= Hence, L [ ]
XL 4 dI −Q dQ
= =0.08 H = ∵ I=
ω 50 dt C dt
2
d Q
133 (a) Q=− LC 2
dt
Z 2=( X C − X L )2 + R2=( 31.85−6.28 )2 + ( 50 )2=3154

Net current : I =3+ 4 √ 2sin ωt

136 (5)
( )
2 2
Erms ( 10/ √ 2 )
P= R= ×50=0.8 W
Z2 3154
Heat produced in 20 min
Now find
√
T

∫ ( 3+4 √2 sin ωt )
2
dt
¿ ( 0.8 )( 20 ×60 )=960 J I v=
0
=5 A
X C −X L=31.85−2 ( 6.28 )=19.29 T
10 137 (0)
I m= =0.52
19.29
Hence, I =0.52 sin(314 t+ π /2)=0.52 cos 314 t
3 π /2 ω

( )
3 π /2 ω
−cos ωt
∫ I m sin ωt dt Im
ω
π /2 ω π /2 ω
¿ i>¿ = =0
134 (a) 3π π π
−
dϕ=BdA 2 ω 2ω ω

dϕ=
[
μ0 I
+
μ0 I
2 πx 2 π (3 a−x )
adx
] In such cases it is difficult to develop a
138 (4, 1)

single equation. Hence, it is usual to

consider two equations, one applicable
from 0 to 1 ms and another from 1 to 2

P a g e | 45
 ms 1
For t lying between 0 and 1 ms, V 1=4.
×2 ×10=10 A s
2
For t lying between 1 and 2 ms, ∴Average current ¿
10
=5 A
V 2=−4 t +4 2

i. V rms =
√( )
1 2
1 140 (4)
2
∫V 2
1 dt +∫ V 2 d t
2

0 1

2 1
V rms = ¿
2

[ | | | |]
3 2 2 2
1 1 16 t 32 t
2 32 ω=500 rad / s
¿ |16 t |0 + +|16 t | − 1 =
2 3 2 3

√(
1 1

)
1 2 2
+ R =R √ 1.25
√ √
32 2 Z=
V rms = =4 V , Hence N =4 ωC
3 3
( )
2
1
ii. V av =
[∫ ]
2 2
1
1 2
1 + R =R (1.25)
V 1 dt+∫ V 2 dt = ¿ ωC
2 2
( ωC1 ) + R =R + R4
0 1 2 2
2 2

[ | |]
2 2
1 1 −4 t
¿ |4 t|0 + + 4 t =1 V 1 R
2 2 1 ⇒ =
ωC 2
2 2
Form the i−t graph, area from t=0 to t=2
139 (5)
CR= = sec
ω 500
s 2 3 2 ×1000
¿ ×10 ms= ms=4 ms
500 500

P a g e | 46