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1.1 INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING :-
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design,
construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including
public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines,
structural components of buildings, and railways.
Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines. Civil engineering is
the application of physical and scientific principles for solving the problems of society, and
its history is intricately linked to advances in the understanding of physics and mathematics
throughout history. Because civil engineering is a broad profession, including several
specialized sub-disciplines, its history is linked to knowledge of structures, materials
science, geography, geology, soils, hydrology, environmental science, mechanics, project
management, and other fields.
1.2 DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING-
The various disciplines of civil engineering are-
1. ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING
An art of shaping and guiding the physical growth of the town creating buildings and
environments to meet the various needs such as social, cultural, economic and recreational
etc. and to provide healthy conditions for both rich and poor to live, to work, and to play
or relax, thus bringing about the social and economic well-being for the majority of
mankind is known as town planning.