Module 1:
Fundamentals of Materials
Science and Engineering
Intended Learning Outcomes
[Link] the fundamental concepts in Materials Science
and Engineering.
[Link] the criteria that are important in the material selection
process.
[Link] the four components that are involved in the design,
production and utilization of materials and briefly describe
the interrelationships between these components.
[Link] the classification of materials and note the
differences between them.
What can you say about the Pictures?
What is materials science?
⮚It involves investigating the relationships
that exist between the structures and
properties of materials.
What about materials engineering?
⮚On the basis of these structure–
property correlations, designing or
engineering the structure of a material to
produce a predetermined set of
properties.
Four Components of Materials Science
Material Selection Process
TYPES OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS
Materials are classified as:
• Metallic
⮚those material that exhibit electrical and thermal conductivity
• Non-metallic
⮚include wood, stone, brick, cement, resins (plastics), rubber,
leather, ceramics and so forth
Metals
⮚normally combinations of one or more
metallic element and often also
nonmetallic elements
⮚crystalline structure in which the atoms
are arranged in orderly manner
⮚relatively strong and ductile at room
temperature and maintain good strength
even at high temperature
⮚these materials are relatively stiff and
strong yet are ductile and are resistant to
fracture which accounts for their
widespread use in structural applications.
⮚extremely good conductors of electricity
and heat
⮚not transparent to visible light
⮚some of the metals have desirable magnetic
properties.
Classifications of Metals
⮚Ferrous
Ex. steel, cast iron, wrought iron, malleable cast iron
and iron-base metal
⮚Non- Ferrous
Ex. copper, tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium and titanium
AISI and SAE Designations for Steel
AISI XX
Type of Steel Percentage of Major Points of Carbon
Alloying Element
AISI & SAE DESIGNATIONS FOR STEEL
Prefixes Suffixes
C – Basic open hearth H - Hardenability
E – Electric arc furnace HR – Hot working
M – Merchant quality CDS – Cold working
F – Free machining QT – Quenching and Tempering
Ceramics
⮚compounds between the non-metallic and non-metallic elements chemically bounded together
⮚comes from the Greek word "κεραμικός" (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery", from
"κέραμος" (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery"which is said to derive from the Indo-
European word *cheros (unattested), meaning heat.
⮚are relatively stiff and strong—stiffnesses and strengths are comparable to those of the metals
⮚they are typically very hard
⮚exhibited extreme brittleness (lack of ductility) and are highly susceptible to fracture
⮚typically insulative to the passage of heat and electricity (i.e., have low electrical
conductivities) and are more resistant to high temperatures and harsh environments than are
metals and polymers
⮚ceramics may be transparent, translucent, or opaque
⮚some of the oxide ceramics (e.g., Fe3O4) exhibit magnetic behavior
Example of Ceramics
⮚aluminum oxide (or alumina, Al2O3)
⮚silicon dioxide (or silica, SiO2)
⮚silicon carbide (SiC)
⮚silicon nitride (Si3N4),
⮚traditional ceramics—those
composed of clay minerals (e.g.,
porcelain),
⮚cement
⮚glass
Polymers
⮚derived from the Greek words πολύ- - poly- meaning "many"; and
μέρος - meros meaning "part".
⮚familiar plastics and rubber materials
⮚Chemically based on carbon, hydrogen and another non-metallic
element
⮚Low density and may be extremely flexible
⮚The strength and ductility of materials vary greatly
⮚Some of materials are good insulator and are used for electrical
insulation application
Types of Polymers
⮚Natural polymers
Ex. cellulose
⮚Synthetic polymers
Ex. synthetic rubber,
Bakelite, neoprene, nylon,
PVC, polystyrene, polyethylene,
polypropylene,
polyacrylonitrile, silicone
Applications
Composite
⮚ Mixture of two or more materials
(metal, ceramics and polymers)
⮚The design goal of a composite is to
achieve a combination of properties
that is not displayed by any single
material and also to incorporate the
best characteristics of each of the
component materials
⮚Example of Composite
• Fiberglass
• carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP)
Semiconductor materials
➢ Solid or liquid material which is ➢Silicon
able to conduct electricity at
room temperature more ➢Germanium
readily than an insulator but ➢Selenium
less easily than a metal
➢Gallium Arsenide
➢ Have electrical properties that ➢zinc selenide and
are intermediate between the
electrical conductors and ➢lead telluride
insulator
➢ At low temperatures, pure
semiconductors behave like
insulator
Applications
➢radio, computers,
telephones,
transistors, solar cells,
light-emitting diode,
silicon-controlled
rectifier, and digital
and analog integrated
circuits.
Biomaterial
⮚Employed in components into the human body for replacement of
diseased or damage body parts
⮚These materials that does not produce toxic substances and must be
compatible with body tissues
⮚All the above materials can be used as biomaterials can generally be
produced either in nature or synthesized in the laboratory using a
variety of chemical approaches utilizing metallic components or
ceramics
Applications
⮚Joint replacements
⮚Bone plates
⮚Bone cement
⮚Artificial ligaments and tendons
⮚Dental implants for tooth fixation
⮚Blood vessel prostheses
⮚Heart valves
⮚Skin repair devices (artificial tissue)
⮚Cochlear replacements
⮚Contact lenses
⮚Breast implants
Smart Materials
It is defined as materials that sense and
react to environmental conditions and
stimuli such as:
• Heat and temperature
• pH value
• Chemical and ionic strength
• Electromagnetic radiation
• Electrical and magnetic fields
• Mechanical stress and strain and
pressure
• Water and humidity
Nanomaterial
⮚materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension)
less than 100 nanometers
⮚Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical,
electronic, or mechanical properties
Example of Nano Materials
• Carbon Nanotube
• Fullerenes
• Carbon Nanocomposites
Thank You!!!!