1.
Simple random sampling
Here in this type of sampling each element of the population has an
equal independent chance of being included in the sample.
Thus, a sample selected by randomization method is known as simple
random sampling.
In simple random sampling most commonly, used method is the "lottery
method".
Selection process
By using the lottery method, there is a need for
complete listing of the member of population.
The numbers of all members are written on piece of paper and placed in a
container.
The researcher draws the desired number of sample from container. This
process is relatively easy for small population but relatively difficult and
time consuming for a large population.
2. Stratified random sampling
The population is divided into two or more groups
called strata, on the basis of some characteristics such as geographic
location, age, income or status and sub samples are randomly selected
from each strata.
Selection process
Identify and define the population.
Determine the desired sample size.
Identify the subgroups i.e. (Strata ) for which we want to guarantee
appropriate representation.
Classify all members of the population as members of one of the identified
subgroups.
Systematic random sampling
It is the type of probability sampling, in which one or two items are
selected randomly, but other items are selected by adding the average
sampling interval to the item selected randomly.
It is also called an Nth name selection technique.
Selecting every nth subject from a list of the member of the population.
Selection process
Identify and define the population.
Determine the desired sample size.
Obtain the list of the population.
Determine what nth is equal to by dividing the size of population by the
desired sample size.
Start at some random place in population on list
Take every nth individual on the list.
Cluster random sampling
The process of randomly selecting groups not individuals within the define
population sharing similar characteristics.
Cluster are location with in which group of members of the population can
be found.
Example:
Schools
Classrooms
Cluster Random Sampling
Cluster random sampling is done when simple random sampling is almost
impossible because of the size of the population.
Just imagine doing simple random sampling when population in question
is the entire population of Asia.
Selection process
3. Identify and define the population.
4. Determine the desired sample size.
5. Identify and define the cluster.
6. Estimate the average number of population member per cluster.
7. Determine the number of cluster s need by dividing the sample size
by the estimated size of a cluster.
8. Randomly select the needed number of clusters. Include in the
study all individuals in each selected clusters.