EXPERIMENT – 2
Title of the Experiment :-
Implementation of Diwali Decorative Lighting Using 8051 Microcontroller with Sequential &
Pair-LED Patterns
Objective :-
1. To connect four different coloured LEDs (Red, Green, Blue, Yellow) with the 8051
microcontroller.
2. To generate two lighting sequences using assembly language:
o Pattern-1: R → G → B → Y
o Pattern-2: YR → RG → GB → BY
3. To simulate the design using Proteus and verify proper LED operation.
Components Required :-
Sl. No Component Specification Quantity
1 Microcontroller 8051 / AT89C51 / 80C31 1
2 LEDs Red, Green, Blue, Yellow 4
3 Resistors 220 Ω 4
4 Crystal Oscillator 12 MHz 1
5 Capacitors 33 pF 2
6 Connecting Wires – As required
7 Simulation Software Proteus 8 –
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Circuit Diagram (Proteus):-
i. R – G – B – Y Connection :-
ii. YR-RG-GB-BY Connection :-
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Circuit Connections :-
The LEDs are connected to Port-1 of the microcontroller as follows:
LED Colour 8051 Pin
Red (R) P1.0
Green (G) P1.1
Blue (B) P1.2
Yellow (Y) P1.3
and again another:
LED Colour 8051 Pin
Red (R) P1.5
Green (G) P1.6
Blue (B) P1.7
Yellow (Y) P1.4
Note: LEDs are active-LOW (0 = ON, 1 = OFF).
Theory :-
LED interfacing with 8051 is commonly performed using any of the four available 8-bit ports
(P0, P1, P2, P3).
Port-1 is a quasi-bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups, making it ideal for LED
interfacing.
When an LED is connected between a port pin and GND with a series resistor, the LED glows
when the port pin outputs logic 0.
Sequential lighting patterns are generated by changing the port output logic in assembly
language, controlling the on/off states of each LED at specific time intervals.
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Program (Pattern-1: R → G → B → Y) :-
DELAY:
MOV R0, #0FFH
DL1: MOV R1, #0FFH
DL2: DJNZ R1, DL2
DJNZ R0, DL1
RET
END
Program (Pattern-2: YR → RG → GB → BY) :-
ORG 0000H
4
AJMP MAIN;
ORG 0100H;
MAIN: SETB P1.0
CLR P1.1
CLR P1.2
CLR P1.3
ACALL DELAY
SETB P1.4
CLR P1.5
CLR P1.6
CLR P1.7
ACALL DELAY
SETB P1.1
CLR P1.0
CLR P1.2
CLR P1.3
ACALL DELAY
SETB P1.5
CLR P1.4
CLR P1.6
CLR P1.7
ACALL DELAY
SETB P1.2
CLR P1.0
CLR P1.1
CLR P1.3
ACALL DELAY
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SETB P1.6
CLR P1.4
CLR P1.5
CLR P1.3
ACALL DELAY
SETB P1.3
CLR P1.0
CLR P1.1
CLR P1.2
ACALL DELAY
SETB P1.7
CLR P1.4
CLR P1.5
CLR P1.6
ACALL DELAY
SJMP MAIN
DELAY:
MOV R0, #0FFH
DL1: MOV R1, #0FFH
DL2: DJNZ R1, DL2
DJNZ R0, DL1
RET
END
Simulation Output :-
Pattern-1
LEDs glow in the sequence: Red → Green → Blue → Yellow
Pattern-2
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LEDs glow in pairs:
o Yellow + Red
o Red + Green
o Green + Blue
o Blue + Yellow
Observation Table
Pattern Tested LED Sequence Delay Provided Result
Pattern-1 R→G→B→Y ~150–200 ms Working
Pattern-2 YR → RG → GB → BY ~150–200 ms Working
Circuits Screenshots :-
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Result
The 8051 microcontroller successfully generated both Diwali lighting patterns using four
LEDs connected to Port-1.
The simulation in Proteus confirmed that both sequential and pair-LED patterns worked
correctly.
Conclusion
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This experiment demonstrates how to interface LEDs with 8051 and generate creative lighting
effects by controlling port bits using assembly language. Such LED patterns are widely used in
festive lighting, decorative displays, and embedded system applications.
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