Equations

1.1 Solving Simple Equations

Chapter Learning Target:
1.2 Solving Multi-Step Equations Understand equations.
Chapter Success Criteria:
1.3 Solving Equations with Variables ■ I can identify key words and phrases to
solve equations.
on Both Sides ■ I can write word sentences as equations.
■ I can explain how to solve equations.
1.4 Rewriting Equations ■ I can model different types of equations
to solve real-life problems.
and Formulas

STEAM Video: “Training for a

Half Marathon”

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 STEAM Video Training for a Half Marathon
A half marathon is a race that is 13.1 miles long. How can a
runner develop a routine to help train for a half marathon?
Watch the STEAM Video “Training for a Half Marathon.”
Then answer the following questions.
1. Alex and Enid are training for a half marathon. They run
four days each week, as shown in the table. How far do
they have to run on Saturday to average 4.75 miles per
running day in Week Nine?

Distance Ran (miles)

Monday Wednesday Friday Saturday

Week Six 2.5 2.6 2.4 7.0

Week Seven 3.3 2.8 2.9 7.0
Week Eight 3.3 3.1 2.6 8.5
Week Nine 3.7 3.0 4.1 x

2. Assuming they meet their goal on Saturday in Week Nine,

what is the average number of miles per running day over
the 4 weeks in the table?

Performance Task Target Heart Rates

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2022_g8_se_01.indb 1 2/9/21 3:28 PM

 Getting Ready for Chapter
Chapter Exploration

1. Work with a partner. Use algebra tiles to model and solve each equation.
a. x + 3 = −3 + = +1 − = −1 =x

= Model the equation x + 3 = −3.

= Add three −1 tiles to each side.

= Remove the zero pairs from the left side.

= Write the solution of the equation.

b. −3 = x − 2

= Model the equation −3 = x − 2.

= Add two +1 tiles to each side.

= Remove the zero pairs from the each side.

= Write the solution of the equation.

c. x−4=1 d. x + 5 = −2 e. −7 = x + 4

f. x+6=7 g. −5 + x = −3 h. −4 = x − 4

2. WRITE GUIDELINES Work with a partner. Use your models in Exercise 1 to

summarize the algebraic steps that you can use to solve an equation.

Vocabulary
The following vocabulary term is defined in this chapter. Think about
what the term might mean and record your thoughts.
literal equation

2022_g8_se_01.indb 2 2/9/21 3:28 PM

 1.1 Solving Simple Equations
Learning Target: Write and solve one-step equations.
Success Criteria: • I can apply properties of equality to produce equivalent equations.
• I can solve equations using addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division.
• I can use equations to model and solve real-life problems.

EXPLORATION 1 Using Properties of Equality

Work with a partner.
a. You have used the following properties in a previous course. Explain the
meaning of each property.

• Addition Property of Equality

• Subtraction Property of Equality

• Multiplication Property of Equality

• Division Property of Equality

b. Which property can you use to solve each of the equations modeled by
+ = +1 the algebra tiles? Solve each equation and explain your method.
− = −1
= variable
=
= −variable

Math Practice
Recognize
Usefulness
of Tools =
Can you use algebra
tiles to solve any
equation? Explain
your reasoning.
c. Write an equation that can be solved using one property of equality.
Exchange equations with another pair and find the solution.

Section 1.1 Solving Simple Equations 3

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 1.1 Lesson

Key Ideas
Addition Property of Equality
Words Adding the same number to each side of an equation
Remember produces an equivalent equation.
Algebra If a = b, then a + c = b + c.
Addition and
subtraction are
inverse operations. Subtraction Property of Equality
Words Subtracting the same number from each side of an equation
produces an equivalent equation.
Algebra If a = b, then a − c = b − c.

EXAMPLE 1 Solving Equations Using Addition or Subtraction

a. Solve x − 7 = −6.
Check
x − 7 = −6 Write the equation. x − 7 = −6
+7 +7 Addition Property ?
Undo the subtraction. 1 − 7 = −6
of Equality
x= 1 Simplify. −6 = −6 ✓
The solution is x = 1.

b. Solve 1 = w + 6.
Check
15w16 Write the equation.
1=w+6
−6 −6 Subtraction Property
Undo the addition. ?
of Equality 1 = −5 + 6
−5 = w Simplify. 1=1 ✓
The solution is w = −5.

c. Solve y + 3.4 = 0.5.

y + 3.4 = 0.5 Write the equation.
Undo the addition. − 3.4 − 3.4 Subtraction Property of Equality
y = −2.9 Simplify.
The solution is y = −2.9.

Try It Solve the equation. Check your solution.

1 3
1. b + 2 = −5 2. −3 = k + 3 3. t − — = − —
4 4

4 Chapter 1 Equations

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 Key Ideas
Multiplication Property of Equality
Words Multiplying each side of an equation by the same number
produces an equivalent equation.

Remember Algebra ⋅
If a = b, then a c = b c. ⋅
Multiplication
Division Property of Equality
and division are
inverse operations. Words Dividing each side of an equation by the same number
produces an equivalent equation.
Algebra If a = b, then a ÷ c = b ÷ c, c ≠ 0.

EXAMPLE 2 Solving Equations Using Multiplication or Division

3
a. Solve − — n = −2.
4

Math Practice
3
− — n = −2 Write the equation.
4
Maintain
Oversight −—
4
3 ⋅ ( −—43 n ) = − —34 ⋅ (−2) Multiplication Property of Equality
Describe the
relationship between 8
4 3 n=— Simplify.
− — and − —. Then 3
3 4
explain why it makes
sense to multiply each 8
The solution is n = —.
side of the equation 3
4
by − —.
3
b. Solve 𝛑 x = 3𝛑.

π x = 3π Write the equation. Check

3π πx = 3π
πx
Undo the multiplication. —=— Division Property of Equality ?
π π π(3) = 3π
x=3 Simplify.
3π = 3π ✓
The solution is x = 3.

Try It Solve the equation. Check your solution.

y 2z
4. — = −7 5. −— = 6
4 3

6. 0.09w = 1.8 7. 6π = π x

Section 1.1 Solving Simple Equations 5

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 EXAMPLE 3 Identifying the Solution of an Equation
What value of k makes the equation k + 4 ÷ 0.2 = 5 true?
A. −15 B. −5 C. −3 D. 1.5

k + 4 ÷ 0.2 = 5 Write the equation.

k + 20 = 5 Divide 4 by 0.2.

− 20 − 20 Subtraction Property of Equality

k = −15 Simplify.
Check
The correct answer is A. k + 4 ÷ 0.2 = 5
?
−15 + 4 ÷ 0.2 = 5
?
−15 + 20 = 5
5=5 ✓

Try It Solve the equation. Check your solution.

9. q + ∣ −10 ∣ = 2
1
8. p − 8 ÷ — = −3
2

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills

Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria
in your journal.

WRITING Are the equations equivalent? Explain.

y
10. x + 3 = 4 and x = 1 11. − — = 2 and y = 10
5
12. OPEN-ENDED Write an equation that you can use the
Division Property of Equality to solve.

SOLVING EQUATIONS Solve the equation. Check your solution.

2
13. −5 = w − 3 14. −— n = 8
3
16. q + ∣ 3 ∣ = − 5
1
15. p−9÷—=6
3

17. WHICH ONE DOESN’T BELONG? Which equation does not belong
with the other three? Explain your reasoning.

x−2=4 x−3=9 x−5=1 x−6=0

6 Chapter 1 Equations

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 EXAMPLE 4 Modeling Real Life
The temperature in a crater on Mars is 0°C at 1 p.m. The temperature
decreases 8°C every hour. When will the temperature be −50°C?

To determine when the temperature will be −50°C, find how long it will
take the temperature to decrease by 50°C. Write and solve an equation
to find the time.

Change in Hourly change

Time
Verbal Model temperature = in temperature •
(hours)
(°C) (°C per hour)

Variable Let t be the time for the temperature to decrease 50°C.

Equation −50 = −8 • t
The changes in temperature
are negative because the −50 = −8t Write the equation.
temperatures are decreasing.
−50 −8t
—=— Division Property of Equality
−8 −8

6.25 = t Simplify.

The temperature will be −50°C at 6.25 hours after 1 p.m., or 6 hours and
15 minutes after 1 p.m.

So, the temperature will be −50°C at 7:15 p.m.

Self-Assessment for Problem Solving

Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria
in your journal.

18. A shipwreck is 300 meters away from a diving station. An undersea

explorer travels away from the station at a speed of 2 meters per second.
The explorer is x meters away from the station and will reach the
shipwreck in 100 seconds. What is the value of x?

19. You conduct an inventory for a hardware store and count 40 rolls of
duct tape. Your manager wants to keep 7 boxes of duct tape in stock.
If each box holds 8 rolls of duct tape, how many boxes should you
order? Justify your answer.

20. DIG DEEPER Your fitness tracker overestimates the number of steps
you take by 5%. The tracker indicates that you took 7350 steps today.
Write and solve an equation to find the actual number of steps you
took today.

Section 1.1 Solving Simple Equations 7

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 1.1 Practice Go to [Link] to get
HELP with solving the exercises.

Review & Refresh

Evaluate the expression.
1. (32 − 8) + 4 2. 1 + 5 × 32 3. 4 × 3 + 102

Identify the terms, coefficients, and constants in the expression.

4. 11q + 2 5. h + 9 + g 6. 6m2 + 7n

Write the phrase as an expression.

7. the quotient of 22 and a number a
8. the difference of a number t and 9

Concepts, Skills, & Problem Solving

USING PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY Which property of equality can you use to solve
the equation modeled by the algebra tiles? Solve the equation and explain your
method. (See Exploration 1, p. 3.)
9. 10.
= =

SOLVING EQUATIONS USING ADDITION OR SUBTRACTION Solve the equation.

Check your solution.
11. x + 12 = 7 12. g − 16 = 8 13. −9 + p = 12
14. 2.5 + y = −3.5 15. x − 8π = π 16. 4π = w − 6π
5 1 3 2
17. — = — + d 18. — = r + — 19. n − 1.4 = −6.3
6 6 8 3

20. MODELING REAL LIFE A discounted concert ticket costs $14.50 less
than the original price p. You pay $53 for a discounted ticket. Write and
solve an equation to find the original price.

21. PROBLEM SOLVING A game of bowling has ten frames.

After five frames, your friend’s bowling score is 65 and
your bowling score is 8 less than your friend’s score.
a. Write and solve an equation to find your score.
b. By the end of the game, your friend's score
doubles and your score increases by 80. Who
wins the game? Explain.

8 Chapter 1 Equations

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 SOLVING EQUATIONS USING MULTIPLICATION OR DIVISION Solve the equation.
Check your solution.
w
22. 7x = 35 23. 4 = −0.8n 24. 6 = −—
8
m 3 9
25. — = 7.3 26. −4.3g = 25.8 27. — = — k
π 2 10
6
28. −7.8x = −1.56 29. −2 = — p 30. 3π d = 12π
7

31. YOU BE THE TEACHER Your friend solves −1.5 + k = 8.2

the equation. Is your friend correct? Explain k = 8.2 + (−1.5)
your reasoning. k = 6.7

32. STRUCTURE A gym teacher orders 42 tennis balls. The tennis balls
come in packs of 3. Which of the following equations represents the
number x of packs?
x 3
x + 3 = 42 3x = 42 — = 42 x =—
3 42

33. MODELING REAL LIFE You clean a community

park for 6.5 hours. You earn $42.25. How much do
Launch Time
you earn per hour?
11:20 A.M.
34. MODELING REAL LIFE A rocket is scheduled
to launch from a command center in 3.75 hours.
What time is it now?

35. MODELING REAL LIFE After earning interest,

the balance of an account is $420. The new balance
7
is — of the original balance. How much interest
6
did it earn?

36. MODELING REAL LIFE After a cleanup, algae

covers 2 miles of a coastline. The length of the
1
coastline covered after the cleanup is — of the
3
previous length. How many miles of the coast did
the algae previously cover?

Roller Coasters at Cedar Point

37. PROBLEM SOLVING Cedar Point,
Coaster Height (feet)
an amusement park in Ohio, has some of the
Top Thrill Dragster 420 tallest roller coasters in the United States.
Millennium Force 310 The Rougarou is 165 feet shorter than the
Valravn 225
Millennium Force. What is the height
of the Rougarou?
Rougarou ?

Section 1.1 Solving Simple Equations 9

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 SOLVING AN EQUATION Solve the equation. Check your solution.
38. −3 = h + 8 ÷ 2 39. 12 = w − ∣ −7 ∣ 40. q + ∣ 6.4 ∣ = 9.6

41. d − 2.8 ÷ 0.2 = −14

8 1
42. — = x + — (7)
9 3
1
⋅
43. p − — 3 = − —
4
5
6

44. GEOMETRY The volume V of the prism is 1122 cubic inches.

h
Use the formula V = Bh to find the height h of the prism.

B = 93.5 in.2

SOLVING AN EQUATION Write and solve an equation to find the value of x.

45. The angles are complementary. 46. The angles are supplementary.

x° x° 50°
45°

47. CRITICAL THINKING Which of the operations +, −, ×, and ÷ are inverses

of each other? Explain.

48. LOGIC Without solving, determine whether the solution

of −2x = −15 is greater than or less than −15. Explain.

49. OPEN-ENDED Write a subtraction equation and a division equation

so that each has a solution of −2. Justify your answer.

50. MODELING REAL LIFE Ants of a particular species can carry

50 times their body weight. It takes 32 ants of that species to carry 4800 mg
the cherry shown. About how much does each ant weigh?

51. REASONING One-fourth of the girls and one-eighth

of the boys in a grade retake their school pictures. The
photographer retakes pictures for 16 girls and 7 boys.
How many students are in the grade?

52. DIG DEEPER You use a crowdfunding website to raise money. The website keeps
5% of each donation. Five of your friends each donate the same amount. The total
funding you receive is $47.50. How much does each friend donate?

53. CRITICAL THINKING A neighbor pays you and two friends $90 to paint her garage.
You divide the money three ways in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5.
a. How much does each person receive?
b. What is one possible reason the money is not divided evenly?

10 Chapter 1 Equations

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 Solving Multi-Step
1.2 Equations
Learning Target: Write and solve multi-step equations.
Success Criteria: • I can apply properties to produce equivalent equations.
• I can solve multi-step equations.
• I can use multi-step equations to model and solve real-life problems.

EXPLORATION 1 Finding Angle Measures

Work with a partner. Find each angle measure in each figure.
Use equations to justify your answers.
a. b.
3q°
q° m°

(m + 10)°
q°

2m°

c. d.
(y − 30)°
y°
(x + 10)°

x°
(x + 5)°

e.
t° x° p° f°
n°

w°

Math Practice
x°
Find Entry Points
n°
How do you decide
which triangle to p°
y°
solve first? Explain. n°
m° (t + 5)°
k°

p° n°
s° m°

Section 1.2 Solving Multi-Step Equations 11

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 1.2 Lesson

Key Idea
Solving Multi-Step Equations
To solve multi-step equations, use inverse operations to isolate
the variable.

EXAMPLE 1 Solving a Two-Step Equation

Solve 3x + 15 = 24.
3x + 15 = 24 Write the equation.
Undo the addition. − 15 − 15 Subtraction Property of Equality
3x = 9 Simplify.
Check
3x 9 Division Property 3x + 15 = 24
Undo the multiplication. —= —
3 3 of Equality
?
3(3) + 15 = 24
x= 3 Simplify.

The solution is x = 3. 24 = 24 ✓
Try It Solve the equation. Check your solution.
1
1. 2z − 1 = −5 2. −3z + 1 = 7 3. — x − 9 = −25
2

EXAMPLE 2 Solving a Multi-Step Equation

Solve 8x − 6x − 25 = −35.
8x − 6x − 25 = −35 Write the equation.
2x − 25 = −35 Combine like terms.
Undo the subtraction. + 25 + 25 Addition Property of Equality
2x = −10 Simplify.
2x −10
Undo the multiplication. —= — Division Property of Equality
2 2
x= −5 Simplify.
The solution is x = −5.

Try It Solve the equation. Check your solution.

4. −4n − 8n + 17 = 23 5. 10 = 3n + 20 − n

12 Chapter 1 Equations

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 EXAMPLE 3 Using the Distributive Property to Solve an Equation
Solve 2(1 − 5x) + 4 = −8.

2(1 − 5x) + 4 = −8 Write the equation.

2(1) − 2(5x) + 4 = −8 Distributive Property

2 − 10x + 4 = −8 Multiply.

−10x + 6 = −8 Combine like terms.

−6 −6 Subtraction Property of Equality

−10x = −14 Simplify.

Math Practice −10x −14
— =— Division Property of Equality
Look for Structure −10 −10
Show how to solve
x = 1.4 Simplify.
the equation without
using the Distributive
Property. The solution is x = 1.4.

Try It Solve the equation. Check your solution.

6. −3(x + 2) + 5x = −9 7. 5 + 1.5(2d − 1) = 0.5

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills

Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria
in your journal.

SOLVING AN EQUATION Solve the equation. Check your solution.

1
8. −5x + 1 = 31 9. — x − 9 = −12
3
10. −n − 6n + 4 = 53 11. 14 = 6n + 6 − 2n

12. −8(x + 1) + 2x = −32 13. 3 + 4.5(2d − 3) = 7.5

14. WRITING Write the sentence as an equation, then solve.

2 more than 3 times a number x is 17.

15. OPEN-ENDED Explain how to solve the equation

2(4x − 11) + 9 = 19.

16. CRITICAL THINKING How can you solve 3(x + 2) = 9 without

distributing the 3?

Section 1.2 Solving Multi-Step Equations 13

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 EXAMPLE 4 Modeling Real Life
Find the number x of miles you need to run Day Miles
on Friday so that the mean number of miles
run per day is 1.5. Monday 2

Understand Tuesday 0
the problem. You are given the number of miles you run
each day from Monday through Thursday. Wednesday 1.5
You are asked how many miles you need to Thursday 0
run on Friday so that your daily average for
the five days is 1.5 miles. Friday x

Make a plan. Write and solve an equation using the definition

of mean.

Solve and 2 + 0 + 1.5 + 0 + x sum of the data

check. —— = 1.5 —— = mean
5 number of values
3.5 + x
— = 1.5 Combine like terms.
5

⋅ 3.55+ x
5 — = 5 1.5 ⋅ Multiplication Property
of Equality
Check You run
2 + 1.5 + 4 = 7.5 3.5 + x = 7.5 Simplify.
miles in 5 days. So,
the mean number − 3.5 − 3.5 Subtraction Property of Equalityy
of miles run per day
x=4
✓
7.5 Simplify.
is — = 1.5.
5
So, you need to run 4 miles on Friday.

Self-Assessment for Problem Solving

Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria
in your journal.

17. Find the number x of action figures that a small business needs to
Action
Day produce on Friday so that the mean number of action figures produced
Figures
per day is 50.
Monday 55
18. DIG DEEPER A hard drive is 80% full and has 12,000 MB of free space.
Tuesday 45
One minute of video uses 60 MB of storage. How many minutes of video
Wednesday 53 should be deleted so that the hard drive is 75% full?
Thursday 44
19. A teacher spends $354 on costumes and microphones for six cast
Friday x members in a play. Each cast member receives a costume that
costs $38 and a microphone that costs $c. What did the teacher
spend on each microphone? Justify your answer.

14 Chapter 1 Equations

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 1.2 Practice Go to [Link] to get
HELP with solving the exercises.

Review & Refresh

Solve the equation.
1. y + 8 = 3 2. h − 1 = 7.2
3. 5 = −2n 4. −3.3m = −1.1

Write the decimal as a fraction or mixed number in simplest form.

5. −0.2 6. 3.82 7. −0.454 8. −0.125

Concepts, Skills, & Problem Solving

FINDING ANGLE MEASURES Find each angle measure in the figure. Use equations
to justify your answers. (See Exploration 1, p. 11.)
9. 4y°
10. (x + 30)°
(y − 10)° 20°

x° 2x°

SOLVING AN EQUATION Solve the equation. Check your solution.

11. 10x + 2 = 32 12. 19 − 4c = 17

13. 5x + 2x + 4 = 18 14. 2 = −9n + 22 − n

2 1
15. 1.1x + 1.2x − 5.4 = −10 16. — h − — h + 11 = 8
3 3

17. 6(5 − 8v) + 12 = −54 18. 21(2 − x) + 12x = 44

1
19. 8.5 = 6.5(2d − 3) + d 20. − — (x + 2) + 5 = −x
4

YOU BE THE TEACHER Your friend solves the equation. Is your friend correct?
Explain your reasoning.
21. 22.
−2(7 − y) + 4 = −4 3(y − 1) + 8 = 11
−14 − 2y + 4 = −4 3y − 3 + 8 = 11
−10 − 2y = −4 3y + 5 = 11
−2y = 6 3y = 6
y = −3 y=2

23. STRUCTURE The cost C (in dollars) of making n watches is represented

by C = 15n + 85. How many watches are made when the cost is $385?

Section 1.2 Solving Multi-Step Equations 15

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 24. MODELING REAL LIFE The height of the house is
6 ft 26 feet. What is the height x of each story?

25. MODELING REAL LIFE After the addition of an acid,

a solution has a volume of 90 milliliters. The volume of the
x
solution is 3 milliliters greater than 3 times the volume of the
solution before the acid was added. What was the original
volume of the solution?

x 26. PROBLEM SOLVING A grocer prepares free samples of

a salad to give out during the day. By lunchtime, the grocer
has given out 5 fewer than half the total number of samples.
How many samples did the grocer prepare if she gives out
50 samples before lunch?

27. GEOMETRY What is the length of the missing

3 in. Area = 21 in.2
base of the trapezoid?

28. MODELING REAL LIFE You order two servings 8 in.

of pancakes and a fruit cup. The cost of the fruit cup
is $1.50. You leave a 15% tip. Your total bill is $11.50.
How much does one serving of pancakes cost?

Theater Attendance
4200
3500
Attendance

2920
2800 2580
2100 29. PROBLEM SOLVING How many people
1400
700
? must attend the third show so that the
average attendance per show is 3000?
0
1 2 3
Show

30. DIG DEEPER Divers in a competition are scored by an international panel

of judges. The highest and the lowest scores are dropped. The total of the
remaining scores is multiplied by the degree of difficulty of the dive. This
product is multiplied by 0.6 to determine the final score.
a. A diver’s final score is 77.7. What is the degree of difficulty
of the dive?

Judge Russia China Mexico Germany Italy Japan Brazil

Score 7.5 8.0 6.5 8.5 7.0 7.5 7.0

b. CRITICAL THINKING The degree of difficulty of a dive is 4.0.

The diver’s final score is 97.2. Judges award half
or whole points from 0 to 10. What scores could
the judges have given the diver?

16 Chapter 1 Equations

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 Solving Equations with
1.3 Variables on Both Sides
Learning Target: Write and solve equations with variables on both sides.
Success Criteria: • I can explain how to solve an equation with variables on both sides.
• I can determine whether an equation has one solution, no solution, or infinitely
many solutions.
• I can use equations with variables on both sides to model and solve real-life problems.

EXPLORATION 1 Finding Missing Measures in Figures

Work with a partner.
a. If possible, find the value of x so that the value of the perimeter (in feet)
is equal to the value of the area (in square feet) for each figure. Use an
equation to justify your answer.

3 ft x ft

x ft
2 ft
Math Practice
1 ft
Use Operations
What properties do you
2 ft
need to use to solve
3 ft
for x in each figure?

x ft

b. If possible, find the value of y so that the value of the surface area
(in square inches) is equal to the value of the volume (in cubic inches)
for each figure. Use an equation to justify your answer.

y in.
4 in.
8 in.
4 in.

y in. 4 in.

c. How are the equations you used in parts (a) and (b) different from
equations used in previous sections? Explain how to solve this type
of equation.

Section 1.3 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides 17

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 1.3 Lesson

Key Idea
Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides
To solve equations with variables on both sides, collect the variable terms
on one side and the constant terms on the other side.

EXAMPLE 1 Solving an Equation with Variables on Both Sides

Solve 15 − 2x = −7x. Check your solution.

15 − 2x = −7x Write the equation.

Undo the subtraction. + 2x + 2x Addition Property of Equality
15 = −5x Simplify.
Check
15 −5x Division Property
Undo the multiplication. — =— 15 − 2x = −7x
−5 −5 of Equality
?
−3 = x Simplify. 15 − 2(−3) = −7(−3)

The solution is x = −3. 21 = 21 ✓

Try It Solve the equation. Check your solution.
1. −3x = 2x + 20 2. 2.5y + 6 = 4.5y − 1

EXAMPLE 2 Using the Distributive Property to Solve an Equation

Solve −2(x − 5) = 6(2 − 0.5x).

−2(x − 5) = 6(2 − 0.5x) Write the equation.

−2x + 10 = 12 − 3x Distributive Property

Undo the subtraction. + 3x + 3x Addition Property of Equality
x + 10 = 12 Simplify.
Undo the addition. − 10 − 10 Subtraction Property of Equality
x=2 Simplify.

The solution is x = 2.

Try It Solve the equation. Check your solution.

3. 6(4 − z) = 2z 4. 5(w − 2) = −2(1.5w + 5)

18 Chapter 1 Equations

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 Some equations do not have one solution. Equations can also have no
solution or infinitely many solutions.
When solving an equation that has no solution, you will obtain an equivalent
equation that is not true for any value of the variable, such as 0 = 2.

EXAMPLE 3 Solving an Equation with No Solution

Solve 3 − 4x = −7 − 4x.
Math Practice
3 − 4x = −7 − 4x Write the equation.
Look for Structure
How can you use the + 4x + 4x Addition Property of Equality
structure of the original
equation to recognize
that there is no
3 = −7 ✗ Simplify.
solution?
The equation 3 = −7 is never true. So, the equation has no solution.

Try It Solve the equation.

5. 2x + 1 = 2x − 1 6. 6(5 − 2v) = −4(3v + 1)

When solving an equation that has infinitely many solutions, you will
obtain an equivalent equation that is true for all values of the variable,
such as −5 = −5.

EXAMPLE 4 Solving an Equation with Infinitely Many Solutions

( 3
Solve 6x + 4 = 4 — x + 1 .
2 )
Check Choose any
value of x, such as x = 2.
3
(
6x + 4 = 4 — x + 1
3
2 ) Write the equation.
6x + 4 = 4 — x + 1
2 ( ) 6x + 4 = 6x + 4 Distributive Property
? 3
2 [
6(2) + 4 = 4 — (2) + 1 ] − 6x − 6x Subtraction Property of Equality
?
12 + 4 = 4(3 + 1) 4=4 Simplify.

16 = 16 ✓ The equation 4 = 4 is always true. So, the equation has infinitely many
solutions.

Try It Solve the equation.

1 1 2 9
7. — (6t − 4) = 3t − 2
2
8. — (2b + 9) = — b + —
3 3 ( 2 )
Section 1.3 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides 19

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 EXAMPLE 5 Writing and Solving an Equation
The circles are identical. What is the area of each circle?
A. 2 B. 4 x+2
C. 16π D. 64π

The radius of the green circle is x + 2 and the radius of the

4x
purple circle is — = 2x. The circles are identical, so the
2 4x
radius of each circle is the same. Write and solve an
equation to find the value of x.

x+2= 2x Write an equation. The radii are equal.

−x −x Subtraction Property of Equality
2=x Simplify.

When x = 2, the radius of each circle is 4 and the area of each circle is
π r 2 = π (4)2 = 16π.

So, the correct answer is C.

Try It
9. WHAT IF? The diameter of the purple circle is 3x. What is the area of
each circle?

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills

Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria
in your journal.

10. OPEN-ENDED Write an equation with variables on both sides that

has a single solution of −1. Explain how to solve your equation.

STRUCTURE Without solving, determine whether the equation

has one solution, no solution, or infinitely many solutions. Justify
your answer.
11. 3(x − 1) = −3 12. 6x + 6 = 6(x + 1) 13. z + 1 = z + 6

SOLVING AN EQUATION Solve the equation. Check your solution,

if possible.
3x + 7 5x + 1
14. −7x = x + 24 15. 8(3 − z) = 4z 16. 2(t − 3) = 2t − 6

17. WRITING AND SOLVING AN EQUATION The squares are identical.

What is the area of each square?

20 Chapter 1 Equations

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 EXAMPLE 6 Modeling Real Life
159 A boat travels x miles per hour upstream on the Mississippi River.
3
Red Bud On the return trip, the boat travels 2 miles per hour faster. How far
does the boat travel upstream?
The boat travels the same distance upstream as on the return trip.
Evansville
The speed of the boat on the return trip is (x + 2) miles per hour.
3 3
ho Write and solve an equation to find the distance upstream.
55 ur
2. s
5
ho Distance upstream Distance of return trip
ur
s
Ste. Chester
Ches
esteer
er Rate upstream Time Rate on return trip Time
Genevieve • = •
32 (miles per hour) (hours) (miles per hour) (hours)

x(3) = (x + 2)(2.5) Write an equation.

3x = 2.5x + 5 Distributive Property
− 2.5x − 2.5x Subtraction Property of Equality
0.5x = 5 Simplify.

0.5x 5
—=— Division Property of Equality
0.5 0.5

x = 10 Simplify.

The boat travels 10 miles per hour for 3 hours upstream.

10 mi
So, the boat travels — × 3 h = 30 miles upstream.
1h

Self-Assessment for Problem Solving

Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria
in your journal.

18. Your cousin renews his apartment lease and pays a new monthly rent.
His new rent is calculated by applying a discount of $50 to his original
rent and then applying a 10% increase to the discounted amount. What
was your cousin’s original monthly rent when his new rent is 5% greater?

19. DIG DEEPER You and your friend race on a trail that is 10 miles long.
In each situation, does your friend pass you before the end of the trail?
Justify your answer.
a. You have a four-mile head start and jog at 6 miles per hour. Your
friend bikes at 8 miles per hour.
b. You have a five-mile head start and run at 7 miles per hour. Your
friend bikes at 17 miles per hour.

Section 1.3 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides 21

2022_g8_se_01.indb 21 2/9/21 3:28 PM

 1.3 Practice Go to [Link] to get
HELP with solving the exercises.

Review & Refresh

Solve the equation. Check your solution.
1. −9z + 2 = 11 2. −3n − 4n − 17 = 25
3. −2(x + 3) + 5x = −39 4. −15 + 7.5(2d − 1) = 7.5

Find the volume of the solid.

5. 6. 7.
4 in.
2 cm
4.5 cm

3.5 cm
4.5 cm
3 cm
2 cm B = 18 in.2

Concepts, Skills, & Problem Solving

FINDING MISSING MEASURES IN FIGURES If possible, find the value of x so that the
value of the surface area (in square inches) is equal to the value of the volume
(in cubic inches). Use an equation to justify your answer. (See Exploration 1, p. 17.)
8. 9. 10. 6 in.

x in.
x in. 3 in.

x in.
9 in. 4 in.
11 in. 3 in.

SOLVING AN EQUATION Solve the equation. Check your solution.

11. m − 4 = 2m 12. 3k − 1 = 7k + 2 13. 6x = 5x + 22
14. −24 − 8p = 4p 15. 12(2w − 3) = 6w 16. 2(n − 3) = 4n + 1
1 2 1
17. 2(4z − 1) = 3(z + 2) 18. 0.1x = 0.2(x + 2) 19. — d + — = —(d − 2)
6 3 4

20. YOU BE THE TEACHER Your friend solves

the equation shown. Is your friend correct? 3x − 4 = 2x + 1
Explain your reasoning. 3x − 4 − 2x = 2x + 1 − 2x
x−4=1
x−4+4=1−4
x = −3

22 Chapter 1 Equations

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 21. MODELING REAL LIFE Write and d
solve an equation to find the number
of miles you must drive to have
the same cost for each of the
car rentals.
$20 plus $0.50 per mile $30 plus $0.25 per mile

SOLVING AN EQUATION Solve the equation. Check your solution, if possible.

22. x + 6 = x 23. 3x − 1 = 1 − 3x 24. 3x + 15 = 3(x + 5)
1
25. 4x − 9 = 3.5x − 9 26. —(9x + 3) = 3x + 1 27. 5x − 7 = 4x − 1
3
1 1
28. — x + — x = x + 1 29. 2x + 4 = −(−7x + 6) 30. 5.5 − x = −4.5 − x
2 2
8
31. −3(2x − 3) = −6x + 9 32. 10x − — − 4x = 6x 33. 6(7x + 7) = 7(6x + 6)
3

34. YOU BE THE TEACHER Your friend

solves the equation shown. Is your −4(2n − 3) = 12 − 8n
friend correct? Explain your reasoning. −8n + 12 = 12 − 8n
−8n = −8n
35. OPEN-ENDED Write an equation with 0=0
variables on both sides that has no solution. The solution is n = 0.
Explain why it has no solution.

36. MODELING REAL LIFE A cable television provider charges $75 for
installation and $39.96 per month for a basic entertainment package.
A satellite television provider offers free installation and charges $13.32
per month for service for each television. Your neighbor subscribes to
the cable provider the same month you subscribe to the satellite
provider. After how many months is your neighbor’s total cost the
same as your total cost when you own three televisions?

37. MODELING REAL LIFE A pizza parlor

makes 52 pizza crusts the first week of summer
and 180 pizza crusts each subsequent week. A diner
makes 26 pizza crusts the first week of summer and
90 pizza crusts each subsequent week. In how many
weeks will the total number of pizza crusts made by
the pizza parlor be twice the total number of pizza
crusts made by the diner?

2x + 5.2 3x + 1.2
38. PRECISION Is the triangle an equilateral
triangle? Justify your answer.
2x + 6.2

Section 1.3 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides 23

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 GEOMETRY Find the perimeter of the regular polygon.
39. 40. 3(x − 1) 41. x+7

5 − 2x −4x + 9 4 1
x−
3 3

5x − 6

42. PRECISION The cost of mailing a

Packing
DVD in an envelope using Company B Company A Company B
Material
is equal to the cost of mailing a DVD
Box $2.25 $2.50 per lb $8.50 per lb
in a box using Company A. What is
the weight of the DVD with its packing Envelope $1.10 $2.50 per lb $8.50 per lb
material? Round your answer to the
nearest hundredth.
1
43. WRITING Would you solve the equation 0.25x + 7 = — x − 8 using
3
fractions or decimals? Explain.
3
44. NUMBER SENSE The weight of an object is equal to — of its own weight
4
3
plus — of a pound. How much does the object weigh? Explain.
4

45. STRUCTURE Fill in the blanks in three different ways to create an

equation that has one solution, no solution, and infinitely many solutions.

7x + 3x + 10 = −2 ( x+ )
Plasma 5.5 mL
46. MODELING REAL LIFE The volume of red blood cells in a blood
x sample is equal to the total volume of the sample minus the volume of
plasma. What is the total volume x of blood drawn?
Red
blood 45%
cells
47. PROBLEM SOLVING One serving of oatmeal provides 16% of the fiber you
need daily. You must get the remaining 21 grams of fiber from other sources.
How many grams of fiber should you consume daily? Justify your answer.

48. DIG DEEPER The floor of a six-foot-wide hallway is x x x x x

painted as shown, using equal amounts of white and
black paint.
6 ft
a. How long is the hallway?
b. Can this same hallway be painted with the same
x+1 x+1 x+1 x+1
pattern, but using twice as much black paint as
white paint? Explain.

49. PRECISION Consider the equation c = ax − bx, where a, b, and c are

whole numbers. Which of the following result in values of a, b, and c so
that the original equation has exactly one solution? Justify your answer.

a − b = 1, c = 0 a = b, c ≠ 0 a = b, c = 0 a ≠ b, c = 0

24 Chapter 1 Equations

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 Rewriting Equations
1.4 and Formulas
Learning Target: Solve literal equations for given variables and convert temperatures.
Success Criteria: • I can use properties of equality to rewrite literal equations.
• I can use a formula to convert temperatures.

EXPLORATION 1 Rewriting Formulas

Work with a partner.
a. Write a formula for the height h of each figure. Explain your method.
Math Practice
• A parallelogram with area A and base b
Find General
Methods • A rectangular prism with volume V, length , and width w
When does it make • A triangle with area A and base b
more sense to use the
formulas you wrote b. Write a formula for the length of each figure. Explain your method.
in part (a) than the
original area and • A rectangle with perimeter P and width w
volume formulas?
• A rectangular prism with surface area S, width w, and height h

c. Use your formulas in parts (a) and (b) to find the missing dimension
of each figure.

A = 56 m2
h w = 4 in. P = 19 in.

b=8m

A = 10 in.2

5
b= in.
2

S = 108 m2 V = 60 in.3

h=3m

w=4m
B = 12 in.2

Section 1.4 Rewriting Equations and Formulas 25

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 1.4 Lesson
An equation that has two or more variables is called a literal equation.
Key Vocabulary To rewrite a literal equation, solve for one variable in terms of the
literal equation, p. 26 other variable(s).

EXAMPLE 1 Rewriting an Equation

Solve the equation 2y + 5x = 6 for y.

2y + 5x = 6 Write the equation.

Undo the addition. 2y + 5x − 5x = 6 − 5x Subtraction Property of Equality

2y = 6 − 5x Simplify.

2y 6 − 5x
Undo the multiplication. — =— Division Property of Equality
2 2

5
y = 3 − —x Simplify.
2

Try It Solve the equation for y.

1. 5y − x = 10 2. 4x − 4y = 1 3. 12 = 6x + 3y

EXAMPLE 2 Rewriting a Formula

The formula for the surface area S of a cone is S = 𝛑 r 2 + 𝛑 r .
Solve the formula for the slant height .

Remember S = πr2 + πr Write the formula.

A formula S − πr2 = πr2 − πr2 + πr Subtraction Property of Equality

shows how one
variable is related S − πr2 = πr Simplify.
to one or more
S − πr2 πr
other variables. A —=— Division Property of Equality
formula is a type of πr πr
r
literal equation.
S − πr 2
—= Simplify.
πr

Try It Solve the formula for the red variable.

4. Area of rectangle: A = bh 5. Simple interest: I = Prt

6. Surface area of cylinder: S = 2π r 2 + 2π r h

26 Chapter 1 Equations Multi-Language Glossary at [Link]

2022_g8_se_01.indb 26 2/9/21 3:29 PM

 Key Idea
Temperature Conversion
A formula for converting from degrees Fahrenheit F to degrees
Celsius C is
5
C = — (F − 32).
9

EXAMPLE 3 Rewriting the Temperature Formula

Solve the temperature formula for F.
5
C = — (F − 32) Write the temperature formula.
9

Use the reciprocal.

9
⋅ 9 5
— C = — — (F − 32)
5 5 9 ⋅ Multiplication Property of Equality

9
— C = F − 32 Simplify.
5
9
Undo the subtraction. — C + 32 = F − 32 + 32 Addition Property of Equality
5
9
— C + 32 = F Simplify.
5
9
The rewritten formula is F = — C + 32.
5

Try It
9
7. Solve the formula F = — C + 32 for C. Justify your answer.
5

Self-Assessment for Concepts & Skills

Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria
in your journal.

8. REWRITING A FORMULA The formula for the circumference of a

circle is C = 2πr . Solve the formula for r.

9. DIFFERENT WORDS, SAME QUESTION Which is different? Find

“both” answers.

Solve 4x = 6 + 2y for y. Solve 6 = 4x − 2y for y.

Solve 2y − 4x = −6 for y. Solve 2y − 4x = 6 for y.

Section 1.4 Rewriting Equations and Formulas 27

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 EXAMPLE 4 Modeling Real Life
Which has the greater temperature?
Understand Sun
the problem. You are given the temperature of 11,000°F
the Sun in degrees Fahrenheit
and the temperature of lightning
in degrees Celsius. You are asked
which temperature is greater.

Make a plan. Convert the Celsius temperature

Lightning
to Fahrenheit. Then compare 30,000°C
the temperatures.
Solve and 9
check. F = — C + 32 Write the rewritten formula from Example 3.
5
9
= — (30,000) + 32 Substitute 30,000 for C.
5
= 54,032 Simplify.

Because 54,032°F > 11,000°F, lightning has the greater temperature.

Another Method Compare the temperatures in degrees Celsius.

5 5
When F = 11,000, C = — (F − 32) = —(11,000 – 32) ≈ 6093.
9 9
Because 30,000°C > 6093°C, lightning has the greater temperature. ✓

Self-Assessment for Problem Solving

Solve each exercise. Then rate your understanding of the success criteria
in your journal.

10. Room temperature is considered to be 70°F. The temperature outside is

currently 23°C. Is this greater than or less than room temperature?

11. A bird flies at a top speed of 20,000 meters per hour. The bird flies
30,0 meters without stopping.
30,000
a. For how many hours did the bird fly if it flew at top speed?
b. In part (a), did you rewrite a formula to find the number of hours
the bird flew, or did you use another approach? Explain.

12. A ball
b pit is in the shape of a cylinder with a lateral surface area of
245 square feet. The diameter of the ball pit is 312 inches. What is the
hei
height of the ball pit? Justify your answer.

28 Chapter 1 Equations

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 1.4 Practice Go to [Link] to get
HELP with solving the exercises.

Review & Refresh

Solve the equation. Check your solution, if possible.
1. −2x = x + 15 2. 4(z − 3) = 2z
3. x − 8 = x − 1 4. 5(4 + t) = 5t + 20

Find the unit rate.

5. 60 miles in 5 hours 6. $8.50 : 5 ounces 7. 9 pounds per 6 crates

Concepts, Skills, & Problem Solving

REWRITING FORMULAS Solve the formula for the height of the figure. Then use the
new formula to find the height. (See Exploration 1, p. 25.)
1
8. A= — bh 9. V = Bh
2

A = 36 mm2 V = 36 in.3
h h

b = 12 mm
B = 6 in.2

IDENTIFYING LITERAL EQUATIONS Is the equation a literal equation? Explain.

10. y = 4 11. t + 8 y = 7 12. z = 4x + 9y

REWRITING AN EQUATION Solve the equation for y.

1 1
13. — x + y = 4 14. 3x + — y = 7 15. 6 = 4x + 9y
3 5
16. π = 7x − 2y 17. 4.2x − 1.4y = 2.1 18. 6y − 1.5x = 8

19. YOU BE THE TEACHER Your friend

rewrites the equation 2x − y = 5. Is your 2x − y = 5
friend correct? Explain your reasoning.
y = −2
2x + 5

REWRITING A FORMULA Solve the formula for the red variable.

20. d = rt 21. e = mc 2 22. R − C = P

V m
23. P = + b + c 24. B = 3 — 25. D = —
h V

Section 1.4 Rewriting Equations and Formulas 29

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 26. MODELING REAL LIFE The formula K = C + 273.15 converts temperatures
from degrees Celsius C to Kelvin K.
a. Convert 200 degrees Celsius to Kelvin.
b. Solve the formula for C.
c. Convert 300 Kelvin to degrees Celsius.
I $75

27. PROBLEM SOLVING The formula for simple interest is I = Prt. P $500
r 5%
a. Solve the formula for t.
t
b. Use the new formula to find the value of t in the table.

28. GEOMETRY Use the triangle shown.

a c a. Write a formula for the perimeter P of the triangle.
b. Solve the formula for b.
b c. Use the new formula to find b when a is 10 feet and c is 17 feet.
Perimeter = 42 feet

5
29. REASONING The formula K = — (F − 32) + 273.15 converts
9
temperatures from degrees Fahrenheit F to Kelvin K.
a. Solve the formula for F.
b. The freezing point of helium is 0.95 Kelvin.
What is this temperature in degrees Fahrenheit?
c. The temperature of dry ice is −78.5°C.
Which is colder, dry ice or liquid nitrogen?

Portland 38°F

30. MODELING REAL LIFE In which city is the

water temperature higher?

31. GEOMETRY The volume of a square pyramid with

Boston 2°C a height of 30 feet is 360 cubic feet. What are the
side lengths of the base? Justify your answer.
CURRENT WATER TEMPERATURES

32. DIG DEEPER The Navy Pier Ferris Wheel in C = 439.6 ft

Chicago has a circumference that is 56% of the
circumference of the first Ferris wheel built in 1893.
a. What is the radius of the Navy Pier Ferris Wheel?
b. What was the radius of the first Ferris wheel?
c. The first Ferris wheel took 9 minutes to make
a complete revolution. How fast was the
wheel moving?

30 Chapter 1 Equations

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 Connecting
C
Co
o Concepts
Problem-Solving Strategies
Using an appropriate strategy will help you make sense of problems as you
study the mathematics in this course. You can use the following strategies to
solve problems that you encounter.
● Use a verbal model. ● Solve a simpler problem. ● Make a table.
● Draw a diagram. ● Sketch a graph or ● Make a list.
● Write an equation. number line. ● Break the problem into parts.

Using the Problem-Solving Plan

1. The battery life of a one-year-old cell phone is 75% of its original
battery life. When the battery is charged to 50% of its capacity, it
1
dies after 4— hours. Find the original battery life of the phone. Justify
2
your answer.
Understand You know how long a cell phone battery lasts when it is charged to
the problem.
50% of its capacity. You also know that the battery life of the phone
is 75% of its original battery life. You are asked to find the original
battery life of the phone.

Make a plan. First, find the battery life of the one-year-old cell phone. Then use this
information to write and solve an equation for the original battery life of
the phone.
Solve and Use the plan to solve the problem. Then check your solution.
check.

2. The triangular prism shown has a volume of

132 cubic centimeters. Find the height of the prism.
h
Justify your answer.

6 cm 8 cm

Performance Task Target Heart Rates

At the beginning of this chapter, you watched a
STEAM Video called “Training for a Half Marathon." You
are now ready to complete the performance task related to
this video, available at [Link]. Be sure to use
the problem-solving plan as you work through the
performance task.

Connecting Concepts 31

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 Go to [Link] to download
Chapter Review
C blank graphic organizers.

Review Vocabulary
Write the definition and give an example of the vocabulary term.
literal equation, p. 26

Graphic Organizers
You can use an Information Frame to help organize and remember a concept. Here is an
example of an Information Frame for solving equations with variables on both sides.

Procedure:
To solve equations with variables on both
sides, collect the variable terms on one
Words: side and the constant terms on Words:
No solution: the other side. Infinitely many
You obtain an solutions: You
equivalent equation Solving Equations with obtain an equivalent
that is not true for Variables on Both Sides equation that is
any value of the true for all values
variable, such Example: of the variable,
as 2 = 4. 14 + 3x = 4x + 5 such as
–3x –3x –1 = –1.
14 = x + 5
–5 –5
9=x

Choose and complete a graphic organizer

to help you study the concept.

1. solving simple equations using addition

2. solving simple equations using
subtraction
3. solving simple equations using
multiplication
4. solving simple equations using division

5. inverse operations “I finished my Information Frame

about Romulus and Remus. What
6. literal equation did Romulus and Remus say to
their mommy?”

32 Chapter 1 Equations

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 Chapter Self-Assessment
As you complete the exercises, use the scale below to rate your understanding of the
success criteria in your journal.

1 2 3 4
I can do it I can do it on I can teach
I do not understand.
with help. my own. someone else.

1.1 Solving Simple Equations (pp. 3–10)

Learning Target: Write and solve one-step equations.

Solve the equation. Check your solution.

t
1. y + 8 = −11 2. 3.2 = −0.4n 3. −— = −3π
4

4. v − ∣ 2.4 ∣ = 5.7
2 11
5. −6 = −2 + w 6. x − — = −—
3 12

7. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which Boiling point

of mercury
the liquid becomes a gas. The boiling point of mercury is
41
about — of the boiling point of lead. Write and solve an
200
equation to find the boiling point of lead.

°C/°F
8. Write an equation that you can use the Addition Property Lock

of Equality to solve. MODE

2
9. To solve — x = 14, you multiply both sides of the equation
5
5 2
by —. Your friend divides both sides of the equation by —.
2 5
Who is correct? Explain.

10. Write and solve an equation to find the value of x.

(x + 10)° 55°

11. The circumference C of a circle is 24π inches. Use the formula

C = 2πr to find the radius r of the circle.

Chapter Review 33

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 1.2 Solving Multi-Step Equations (pp. 11–16)

Learning Target: Write and solve multi-step equations.

Solve the equation. Check your solution.

12. 3n + 12 = 30 13. 2(3 − p) − 17= 41

14. −14x + 28 + 6x = −44 15. 1.06(12.95 + x) = 31.27

16. The sum of the angle measures of a quadrilateral x° x°

is 360°. Find the value of x. Then find the angle
measures of the quadrilateral. 1 1
x° x°
2 2

17. The equation P = 2.5m + 35 represents the price P (in dollars) of a

bracelet, where m is the cost of the materials (in dollars). The price
of a bracelet is $115. What is the cost of the materials?

18. A 455-foot fence encloses a pasture.

3x ft
What is the length of each side of
the pasture? 1.5x ft
x ft

180 ft

1.3 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides (pp. 17–24)

Learning Target: Write and solve equations with variables on both sides.

Solve the equation. Check your solution, if possible.

19. 3(x − 4) = −2(4 − x) 20. 4 − 5k = −8 − 5k

21. 5m − 1 = 4m + 5 22. 3(5p − 3) = 5(p − 1)

23. 0.4n + 0.1 = 0.5(n + 4) 24. 7t + 3 = 8 + 7t

1 1
25. —(15b − 7) = 3b − 9 26. —(12z − 18) = 2z − 3
5 6

27. The side lengths of an isosceles triangle are (3x + 1) inches,

(4x + 5) inches, and (2x + 7) inches. Find the perimeters of
two possible triangles.

34 Chapter 1 Equations

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 28. A shuttle company charges $3.25 plus $0.55 per mile. A taxi company charges
$2.50 plus $0.60 per mile. After how many miles will both companies charge the
same amount?

29. You begin the year with $25 in a savings account and $50 in a checking account.
Each week you deposit $5 into the savings account and $10 into the checking
account. In how many weeks is the amount in the checking account twice the
amount in the savings account?

1.4 Rewriting Equations and Formulas (pp. 25–30)

Learning Target: Solve literal equations for given variables and convert temperatures.

Solve the equation for y.

1
30. 6y + x = 8 31. 10x −— y = 15 32. 20 = 5x + 10y
3
9
33. The formula F = — (K − 273.15) + 32 converts a temperature from
5
Kelvin K to Fahrenheit F.

a. Solve the formula for K.

b. Convert 240°F to Kelvin. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.

34. Use the trapezoid shown. 8 cm

a. Write the formula for the area A of A = 72 cm2

a trapezoid. h

b. Solve the formula for h.

16 cm

c. Use the new formula to find the height h of the trapezoid.

35. The equation for a line in slope-intercept form is y = mx + b. Solve the

equation for x.
1.25 in.
36. The formula for the volume of a cylinder is V = πr 2h,
where r is the radius of the circular base and h is the
height of the cylinder.
h
a. Solve the formula for h.

b. Use the new formula to find the height of the cylinder.

Volume = 6π in.3

Chapter Review 35

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 Practice Test
Solve the equation. Check your solution, if possible.
x 2 1
1. 4 + y = 9.5 2. −— = −8 3. z − — = —
9 3 8

4. 15 = 9 − 3a 5. 4(b + 5) − 9 = −7 6. 9j − 8 = 8 + 9j

1 3
7. 3.8n − 13 = 1.4n + 5 8. 9(8d − 5) + 13 = 12d − 2 9. — t + 4 = —(t + 8)
4 4

10. The sum of the angle measures of a triangle is 180°.

Find the value of x. Then find the angle measures 2x°
of the triangle.
x° (x + 8)°
11. A formula for the perimeter of a rectangle
is P = 2 + 2w.
a. Solve the formula for w.
b. Use the new formula to find the width w (in meters) of a rectangle
with a perimeter of 2 meters and a length of 40 centimeters.

12. Solve 0.5 = 0.4y − 0.25x for y.

13. Your basketball team wins a game by 13 points.

The opposing team scores 72 points. Explain how
to find your team’s score.

14. You are biking at a speed of 18 miles per hour. You

are 3 miles behind your friend, who is biking at
a speed of 12 miles per hour. Write and solve an
equation to find the amount of time it takes for
you to catch up to your friend.

15. Two scientists are measuring the

temperatures of lava. One scientist
records a temperature of 1725°F. The
other scientist records a temperature of
950°C. Which is the greater temperature?

16. Your profit for mowing lawns this week

is $24. You are paid $8 per hour and you
paid $40 for gas for the lawn mower. How
many hours did you work this week?

36 Chapter
ha
apter 1 Equations

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 Cumulative Practice
Test-Takin
g Strateg
1. Which value of x makes the equation true? Solve Dir y
ectly or E
liminate
Choices
4x = 32

A. 8 B. 28

C. 36 D. 128

2. A taxi ride costs $3 plus $2 for each mile

driven. You spend $39 on a taxi. This can be
modeled by the equation 2m + 3 = 39, where
m represents the number of miles driven.
“You ca
How long was your taxi ride? n
solve d eliminate A an
irectl d D. T
the corr y to determine hen,
F. 18 mi G. 21 mi ect ans
wer is B that
.”
H. 34 mi I. 72 mi

3. Which of the following equations has exactly one solution?

2 2 3 3
A. —(x + 6) = — x + 4 B. — y + 13 = 13 − — y
3 3 7 7

4
( ) 1 4
C. — n + — = — n + —
5 3 5
1
3
7
( 1
D. — 2t + — = — t
8 8 ) 7
4

4. The perimeter of the square is equal to the perimeter of the triangle. What are the
side lengths of the square?

7x − 2 7x − 2

3x + 3 2x + 4

5. The formula d = rt relates distance, rate, and time. Solve the formula for t.

d
F. t = dr G. t = —
r

r
H. t = d − r I. t = —
d

Cumulative Practice 37

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 6. What is a possible first step to solve the equation 3x + 5 = 2(x + 7)?

A. Combine 3x and 5. B. Multiply x by 2 and 7 by 2.

C. Subtract x from 3x. D. Subtract 5 from 7.

7. You work as a sales representative. You earn $400 per week plus 5% of
Think
Thiin
Th ink
ink your total sales for the week.
Solve
Solv
Sol
So l ve
lve
Explain
EExpl
Ex
xpl
plaiin Part A Last week, you had total sales of $5000. Find your total earnings.
ain
Show your work.

Part B One week, you earned $1350. Let s represent your total sales
that week. Write an equation that you can use to find s.

Part C Using your equation from Part B, find s. Show all steps clearly.

8. In 10 years, your aunt will be 39 years old. Let m represent your aunt’s age today.
Which equation can you use to find m?

F. m = 39 + 10 G. m − 10 = 39

H. m + 10 = 39 I. 10m = 39

9. Which value of y makes the equation 3y + 8 = 7y + 11 true?

A. −4.75 B. −0.75

C. 0.75 D. 4.75

10. What is the value of x ?

F. 23
(2x + 12)°
G. 39

H. 58 32°

I. 68

38 Chapter 1 Equations

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 11. You have already saved $35 for a new cell phone. You need $175 to buy the cell
phone. You think you can save $10 per week. At this rate, how many more weeks
will you need to save money before you can buy the new cell phone?

12. What is the greatest angle measure in the triangle?

3x°

50° 2x°
Sum of angle
measures: 180°

A. 26° B. 78°

C. 108° D. 138°

13. Which value of x makes the equation 6(x − 3) = 4x − 7 true?

F. −5.5 G. −2

H. 1.1 I. 5.5

14. The drawing below shows equal weights on two sides of a balance scale.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

What can you conclude from the drawing?

A. A mug weighs one-third as much as a trophy.

B. A mug weighs one-half as much as a trophy.

C. A mug weighs twice as much as a trophy.

D. A mug weighs three times as much as a trophy.

Cumulative Practice 39

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