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OS Notes

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10 views55 pages

OS Notes

its operating system notes

Uploaded by

kuh5023
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Signals and signa badlers Act@umtins Troost on kK New of thrende Chourtoh depend 00 nuinder of coven’ + CO Tread schedusi ne = Tiyetady are ccneduled shaned on thelr priosthy » Even tose NKhwtads ore exeoting iin The rurtimns alt threds ove ordignech “procenor Hime . fast cwiteluing- © Slow Seo Peis b= clus cone Stat is prerewed © _cPo's cache stot 15 Hrs red DELTA notebook LECTURE —* oat Am & lovrponass of OS > Page No.. — — Bsee space CS Huu ad J a Hortons Kernel > & © Dees procers moaragemut - = Proces cvection, teamination — Procerns 2 thead echoed sling — Process 5 yrnclao vi — Pye Commuted cotion 2 poss memory moragennent = Allocats (depo cats — Free space mronageyret _ @ File Mans gemrnt — Create | Delt = Dire monogenean @ Slo moncgernnit- = Nonagemnut & contm\\ing of att 1/o cewicer. 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DELTA woteboor darren aa iaiammlaaaaasadadagnaaaaaelaad a4 a@ &a:; 7 © Hybrid kernel > ¥ (mbi nook approoch Date — Page No. ~~ re (Fite Magent User yeodke ee LI | Procens, meres spac! ale tmnt © eg MacOS, Widows F vey = LECTURES Kb BP _Syctom calls > AIK > Creat fidev pond “movie” GUI > New Folder CLL > wiv y mone) User pact > ———— eT stern cats cccereraay Lnnglerartadion & cgi (wowitten‘ine) is preserd in CAGrdnsare> Kesnel pace. Cicernel cpa Interface AE *w_geyform+ Veer mocks Coser pee) mi , mie oe B sucten Cou IS a we chonism using, whi cla a User Program coun request a cenice Fionn tts Verret for wbida it dnes ust howe dhe geenciso: ae a tb Gliked The ften TH Een Cou. 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MMoragean ad a tf dew ») seed wate, reposition read() write) 7 get Liget advice atthouteds Agabnnaalaeaaaaeaaeeaean “Angi cay OALAon cacdetach desices CD __ AWdserction madwrerance zet pid alarmd) steer) A) get ox sek time, get ox cet dart b) ger custom data, Set cygtern dato. }) got vx cok _pyocey> file cor denice axpbuter @)__ Coeur Gio Mgrak 9)__Creaxi__delete communi coXion connection pire) Lb) Semch or werdive merged 6) “Tronbfer story — Lforeevot on 2) __ Attach | detach remote devices Coonrbesisisisaada DELTA notebook eg Hekget i) EDD? OM procen eet EE io ay A Page No. (O__fower on BS gGeterboan Se ON) —— > ower Sippy wat (esu) ws GCtrar dea CH fasic Supt Oded cycten AY lends B10 /uUEFI > Vrijled Gdersible Arnone Ttetac Q)__ CPY jpitiatires b) Geer to o chip ios @__@wws/vert sunterb & bit Lardware <9) Lends sens attire thom G memnny Sa, Bae by CHOF battery vw oC = . All RIBS veladesh sesh ngs Oxe Stwred here Y) Bes prone looda ust settings . POST} fre or Gedy Test ( Test? ebase componcnts Uke RPM etc) off tn Soot device, ( Boot Loader) > e isk CH@p ox S60) cD = VSB device Boat Looler Ie present tn 2 a) MRR (raster Root Reco) (oth sector of device) ¥) EPS. ( paensible Brintare Trtevface) + Anas paytition in Sisy coyroing bootloedes” © [Beotloccler| logy the OS Windows 7, Bat manager DELTA notebook Maces 7 boot eFi Gry 2 GEOR a & & B@ arbit vs du vit os 5 sat ay < CF Rea Tet. ie (4) aes veicex x ears te¥ - : ures reyis = p0.0ve800 Pos Uwigue adolredye — G uae — A 32 it 0S cancnly Stages ondy UGE of RAM: € «(PSS V*S)_e tyres renicrer * eg . - & BM > pur 121248 caicu - : : - . Fora 320it CPU to gold 2 numbers of 64 LIS, Tt wouldtoke ~ 2chryy, a - Lt] : B70k gehts S Ate = (rot 32 bis rC rt 32 bits) = i ae hl K Adveninges of 64 bit over 22 bit & Pddrenoble spaco (edecefes\ © >] K ' Ls . + wy |} rere | 2,L I gy Gite war 2) Resource usage > Stree we covt hore RAM rrr then UGE yerourwes are sed RECON re ste HGS RAM: Tn G4 VT OS RAM doe wn te vey big (04 ken oboe KESCUYCE sage can also be incetorcd: aye op Pr BB lslslalala DELTA notebook 5 © Pex formance bu bit >> 22bit bate PH sy Page No. % A BY Pewwr ina Sinsle ERV cycle Can fansle Br bitrows,- S) ~ & Compatibility > 4 BE CRY com ian beth R2-UT apd SUE OS: Bo it CPO San yun owls 32 bt os: 3 © Better Graphics perforrarce Bruier qrapics cg Oke PARA — [Ie ye Apr Bun _fortex- LL EcToRE 8\ LECIRE BI Se Types er aa? Jee] 2 Piivery stooge TEUT LeU aa [hein Memory | [ete i atenl “i os [Neg netic dick.) Secorderty s1OFoge ia Magnetic tape») } a ia) - ~F How 0S crests a proce => a Lope the program h Stutte dada to mennan v 4 : - DELTA Notebook USA Foo (nitiobyation @ Moor Runtime Syed + = art of manwry used for focal pin — if Page No. 495, LIDIA NSS SS Variable, Function crguined 2 reharua volo © _pNocat hoop (fox ventins) > = pant of paumory used fox dyrroinic oUlncation - So toes > Unix — Tras pad OutPur 3 Output ord emmy > feor hardier” es Fparst(skdewe "") enor handler | File desc pho x ©) 08 honds ef corhol fo mrdin<) poain CS Clarer® farert pro cea expects © on To soye valine ZS eae Yoru rehwn0; : at ° 2 @_Precen Arxcritetws > Wy yew £ do | LY / Stack qve stow (cer base core) incsyfrieat foul | g A + of merrony hep Cheattocate| free _ chet = Static. & qlobwd dora memerg) | __ text I greutoble cod er Attributes of proce+s noten! entry js done in Proce toble - [1 [PE}—> pce Gre coxttro} Bleck) DELTA worevoak ee ¥ Fes conte cwiteling, procem table ctores eM dota slaty toa proces WW ites pcp. Date ZR Page No. A seit rata ac ~ [> OS allocates procem Td 3 Progvown cower > Feats (Keegs track of instrattions ~ yoces any tou ~ Pek ov, Y Yeah ster Stack Portex, base ede, cover =] 1 open file List open le Aptos. ~~ Open ewices Liste Oper denices =J =a Fetch the insertion from ¢C\4 > eA ~ Po+s 3 ; y 3 [econ re Wehudiony ~~ ag —ECture o| Proce Stake = SS 7 © New story > then pogren ifgsW becoming a proces 9e Ready => uthen pro is in error - 9 = Prerenth in x tue Waiting for CPU o = 1) Running > When procew fas been allocated CPU =} = = ® wolting > woltirg Br To completion =] -@ ©) Temrcted = precor is Fnichea 2 et, I eenival ay 3 ars uy = . ¥ 3 So orcent| ASE TG ws cued waite . DELTA wotebook Lavrpletion & Differxerd Kinds of Gueved -7 O yee Queues Page No.. ay B_ All proceher in new sto goes ito Tob sucue * & eb Schedules) mover proces from Jok Eueue — ready GEE Le : x Job Scheduler is cabled org Tarn ccichlory - Q auewre > x ew joss From reedy queue 0 4 Unni: tok Pa (ad ton SD 1. ga tady queue at agiven ter. Degree of Dual progyons ag. iS _govesned by Toe Scheduler [1 Mw gp po P6 dlegice of mit = © Meolityn Term Scheduler => ‘axtiolly epecuteo! ewopPd-oul | | (recent Svat Fa aes Swoop oud Ld Lh woitirg” ~~ anne & Mediyun Term Shiduer \oresfornible fox svopelry in [out PEECOAE) alate weody queue ie Jutt- i wr PE Coptext switching aD es a Pap 7 ‘spy | RFS 7 ? tote pal Piledescstors pevice liste preyouy courte Lec a [ DELTA notebook 3 ¥ Kervvel is reyponisie for contexd cw Try - * Pure overhead on $9 Page No.. ss BF oOipon pren> wWtd P. Ts CB Reming EEO 5 GS aH O Crem | re ss = = term \nass ato Ajter be cami ng an orphon procery, RLS Pare Will come f2'S_jererds + eche $E ger terminals PLD FE ee ey Detached reds © Crear bash4iie > sleep & 200 OQ Anew pweos wit get crecid ushose PPD wiltrhe 1° ~ Zombie Pace > Parent” sto) GH four N asta Cs Cha > anit — oftey 2 win, the cid proces wi\\ xelesne@ art the yerour ler bur uce _p% yore IS SH\\ Watins dow Durty this Anac, child pyocea P2- enmy wil be persist My Ahe pyotenr tadole : Suprese wort ()= 5 minuier , dnd child pyoetrs gett teri rated Clild procem! yespone it will keep on vaiting fil weitC DELTA wotebook “@G@SSeS SSSR GSSPH*g*esee ee SESS PKC Gye gay Date. for 1 inf -108h pager ___ oY do Sleep AR done [exed| Sleep 100 SS Make Sure to use exer & Sree > Whenever wen any Cofamand (no Bosh shed, o Subsher js crested by eat - ard a nor dLild proceed is Spawned ( faked) TP exeacs the comand « > SSIS. replaces the cannot sheth + TWs means fo subshatl [Ss Crtotd Od ths current pocorn is woplaced with (his noe Coma. Ce FE Terai nal ——> ae ee 2 eee epee 8 f eee L- ae wos Jeep toi * xe = PUTTS frectoee 2) &S CPO Schedirhing > DO __Non- preemptive scheduling i ch PREP PPPPRP MEETS 95S SLL us x QQ) — erin ca Cate DELTA notebook pnee cre is pentsd fo PL, TE ost hold The CPO UHI IT » ree cr at ON ea is feymin or it go . Page No. ay Llo- * Poe concept on Tire Beentuim + DE Preempive Scheduips > KX Ovce P#me quantum jrishes for a proces it iS moved to Ht reads Stokr * Releores CPV whsn jermiycted ego to T/o. ie SRAWAON => Non -Creemaptive wsi\\ coe move Staavott on CRU CPO UN Ugatten wilt be more in Preemetve Oveyheoot D> More in preemptive (1: @} SPREE’ see” ~g& Chu SChed ung Goals > © Nox CPU us Vigcrtion ~g-D_Ne Yawn Tuan Pround Thyme Time dijecence ( Terminater— tines ot which pocorn 4 =g =5 Rist areriyes br ready o = ® + 2 Ninimund wot p 34 Pu i = tai od ime_(_waiting irc oe ction) 3D _ Minimum Response time > Tine Arereice (Tine of witch groom gets CPU — Hime of wdc = for the Fixst time PrO COM, arretl vey —y in wody &) BE) __Mox- Throusheud (por of Procemen Come Lehea perurit Hw) ib =G ¥ petuoh time (AT) > Time whi procen is amiad of weed, OW S a =o = ag * Tumenousd Tne (0) 9 Une teen fiom lest thous process enters weedy, stata ti iy 3 ete “DP DELTA woredoor WM Ve tgamiceten , ax) Burst Thre (RT) Time required, hy tras proces for tS executinn F walt Time > tiwe proces spends voiting Pr cel wT) wt] TAT BT) ia ( C ay Page No. % fesponge Thre => Time duration blw proce getting ito Tad & OMA pecors geting CPO For The jiesr times 93. ‘2 X completion Thme => Time tiven till precens gets perm (ev Jat= CT—AT a59° eS _cev Scheduiing Ado onthms > © Firstome st ene (FcFS) S assporch Pp fa Pim cP a Gewminad> “nw 7 Lseitay Selec?” PIII AAS Goat no et bt CT tat wT ( ° 2020 _o-0)~20 20-20=0 2 | 2 22 (art) = 224-2 = 19, 3 2 a 24 fu)=2 2-220 pugewT= 13 Con er 1h [i | & | to 20 22 24 Prest FCPS whin process Pi com at oil Paw oT BT CT AT wy pa oO iz 2 Q2 o t + > Ay & 4 a 2 20 Ha2 & 22 2 Avg wt za Gard chart p. fy oF tH DELTA notebook Convey Eyed > . . ate. & "Yj one proces Vos loryer OT Ty wit! oT ne a A Wrojox elect py antvage WT gf dit grocemes catteol Convio Elect . €_onvoy eyed \S_O Situation Udhere Yoni, Proce ner _ uslo nowd to we a rexouxce For o short time are blocked by one proces -holdicg thot resource for a long styme- # Thin causer poor repourte moanaverntrd * @ Shostest Job First Plgo => (STF) ¥ Pywcem with Shomwest B-T Will ger CPO SEER CE CEC ead we #% Sys next Lnnpossible te jihad evar Rost Time ofa precn+ ET: is ¥ We Weve STF. x ce SO com “act = Alen =frCewp Hive. Form esB ation yo AT ED a VAT BE UT f (6) 3 g-o=% R-8=0 Po \ 4 Ve I-12 W-4ag fs 2 a aL 2h-2 224 24-92 |S fy 3 $ Le F-3ey WW S=9 Avg: = F-tSSusk Ny SS¢EKBKRESEESGOGHUEE EES Gee [nm lew \ ey | tao 8 1D \F 26 Cotenla: AT+6T Tt Py te pas Ro Vewossd (cod fm Convoy eyeds ” Preemptive Poo AT 7 CX TAT wT - Py o At [Fe [R-0=17 PF d _ P, \ Xo Sibley 4A eo 3 24 126 ged =ay 2y-q= lS Py 3 Ss vo lo-2= 4 bese 2 DELTA Notebook Pa Png = 6S tt I Ss to tt 2 a Ne convoy eyed c Date. GD Paorty sdroluling ogo Page No. © SIF is aspeciad case of poiowty Scheduling os Proce with wAnimum @T is given Ligln priority.» Neon Preemprive >. JK behing Se SS 44 PoPAT @T _ S 4 \3 B-4=4 @a 6 6 14 (3-6-3 Ang: = VFI A Leta | fe Ltr | tele | t-o 4 1B (4 2 2 2 Par Pn pti ve > fro PR At gt ct TAT wt re 2» US Ba 2S 25 BQ @ 44 \ thy 2 2 NS Ot 2 F\ Men Aa mee \6 Qi 3 2x3 AND q QU © 5 Ww 1 14 \s ra Ow s « a4 4 ° S é we (> frugust t= After 4s both fi Rte fac ove q @ G\% |e Po | Ps. i Py \ Re P2) A o | tra \S 1B PY ww ay 3 ul DELTA Notebook Biggat Disoduontoge 7 Pos bets bh Veempine b non preempire, » Date. ides wéiticn ox eneme cnwaion ay Rook Life Crorpple > JBM “Foq o& HLT Job subwitted in (06% when checked in 17% ob Wor afill in atads, & Agere = Sedally Yntrearing palit of Sewer jo b q 3 (A) Rona Robin Most Pog way ¥ FCS (Preemptive) version * Gena AT TO % fags wet Deslgned fe time —Shasyy B_ Easy to Tam plement TS Read, & Se GGG Ge ee hee ib JL | | do} a a A Lose apes FED [ [ttt LEK £40 Zxo wm [iw le ols wp bs ° |e | es ler \ru] Ps | Pe [pe (Ps [te lhe | Pe ° > ye BUCS BN : ¥ Nove cone suitding, noe envoy efect> a a Leecavet 1 PAM Loved Eueue Scheduting > WO yctemn paotere = creakid by Os 5) Juiexodye paced 9 uner ly ined stqulred (foresyouws) Roda precexs => No Tnpot (Gackorourd) System pocen (0) | ™ Wignest prions [oaexach prvcexs( 3?) © Baten procer ( bt) a\> Levies priority y x fach Cueue will Lave TAS On Scheduting algo- DELTA notebook —Secre z : Sy a job dnewt sinish in Th ib ts moored to the loser auenes yy SIY I> eP _ *« Date. “Su Batch precews will bare 49 Uait for cht, Pagene. ay’ wy 5 = $e Convey eyfect 1c prenemh » 9 @_Muti lovyo! Wu Peedbade Bueue Conedutine algo => 3 K__Mubtipls cub Oueve —> Tater aueue timaresnda® procemer iS ~~ aWoped: 7S _+ Scpawiirg paces aed pn Gust Time =) = BT Wig ~> Lower Ouene = = Lo bound & iwhewaciive proces —? Highea paT ori ty ~~ ~G _¥ Agtivg > lower priodty jobs _paimity wilh be fnenarecd. = ~g 2 Reni. ~S ~g —" Lonfiquaoble according to OS clesign 3 Gregle Deign 3 — sil o=2b a —Stte=4 —— 5 fie=e BS y . 2 “9 & NLF® design Nor of buenes Saved in ea QO _Method to upgrads a precery te Lighey 6ueue ~~ = Ageing 4 7 ~~ @_Metrod to downgrade /demste a process fo lover cucue é Whidh eucue will the process itil goth yest “3 DELTA terebook & Combatison D Date__" _ Fees ‘| soe _\ STE | Pherity [P+ pst RR | OPES. {i Design [Simple |Grpler |Compur |Grnple (enix |Simele cnt Compl. vl Preemption| No No | Yes | No yes__|ves | yes_| ves el Cormoy xyes | Yes | (Bod | Yes Yes No \ Mes \ Yes ell Overhead | No No J Yes Wo Mes Mes \Mes | Yee i a LectyRe 5\ 7 Oo Conorvency => ell te Muib pie instruction at jhe fan Hives =A Process, ell Thwend 4 Wrea2 Ty ] Ag weight proces finde lrdeperdsys potin oh execution in a proce TWrea> + y 4 Used. te achieve povoStEb sir by A rhing Ore independ _potth =} eye cK Ov + 0) How enc, Anretad aeh acces fo CPV=> proces: subtade ubiclh es c + FQ) TB) Ties conte Blows 8 Coch Hawead hos 10 pron program Coulee £ Thread emtol Rode just Jie B Process Gtol Klock Asoc. ACERS Bethe jn Shade CPO is wot posible Srawe A Must Tirso nj eS Sack Lyon Thread 5 Shard —>_Hene | DELTA notebook ree _Dppppppoemoag: A nT ive = » eo Benefits OF Mud xeoding D> = © Resporivenes = Trtevackive =D Page No.. ~ (2D _kesource sharing 2 _Chored oddlyor space & yerourres SO _geonomigh 7 Cased Suhtaing js rere exonomical SF @ Threats better uliization of MAMicove CPU LECTURE 16 s Get es —® 7 Veadbar cared : Cerne wa > Critica! section J Oo caret —_® Race @® (temp= tan dows +1 cord Xary L temp = e *I teep = Counr +) al tony ain fra ( comtet 6 ib fd [Bd ]d wiHcad cection > Relers to the seament ot wde whore _procens| read access Shared Heo Unter , dn Os comms: Varab\es and filer ond perform write operation? on than- 0c + @ Gon cunt One prorers fon be ivtemuga mid exertion + TERRI =D K Race condtion S =D + Race wHon oces w ws yrere Ahitads Conaccer SVQ deta and Hoey Dy to chonye Vit tne some fires & & + & as th ny z wo tWrescs i oe Yniwhick {UL epticmgl = rr te dequadet oy. epee na Sead ScheduSing_ chee DELTA notebook © Dede aemeads Mere to claws Me acta ” ~ & Race condition | Git) section Solwhon> A Date. J Page No. & par Alor gperahnn © oferotion pexforMed WW the came CPY cy @_ msuel exclusion 7 = Sunpprat of loans / mustex @)_ Stwapheres gacace re) Con ve use cdgle Flag te overwme Race condition? oR A) funn Inhfaily = 6 : cE y _ Sat © atane C1) { waie 9 { or ustite ( tuend=d $4 wutile (wouk= DR; __@ op E55" Cs+ a | tuawe\ tum= 0 S 3 7 ce V2 hot --- Ordey is Fixed -~S © Solution of CS Should yowe 3 conditions ii DM _busval Gadloslon @__Pregrem (Mean tne order show nt be fixed if atnrend, Tt showtdanr make othex” teveads wait) oo Eee ie pot INnc-S* G@_ bounsed woitivg > PO twrtod Shouts wait ivde)initey » K with cingle Foy, GD cotlifion Whidh 1s fray ves is wat Aubjiling os the ores chepds en the vosue of ban fritlovsy * y Iynprremert tnaboye solute gerersont solwion > Flag [27 > indicore iF a Wred is y2ody tr ervey the C6 oy G] = tue -lapdicn £ Tis veoby + “turn > hu dieotes, sw hd ce tun is qo etter the DELTA notebook “85 Date. T. $0 \ wihelisg vile C1) 2 Hog tet Fog [=F tum=\ end wie (floghi==Tagtuns=l); | witie( tune =o pe Fl ==1)f- oe + ut Biagio == Cs- Flog (oJ =F Flag Ti = F i Nutuatexcusion 5 =3 Prog yews = a Fetercon's sel uition wor: ony, fr 2 thresds. ~ & lous Bi sodwawrage D =@—O_Gxtention + Tae ae vale = @ © a - Lock ; = Leck does gobs relened, dre 2 ara te exception 3 wv 2 pert 2 & Deo ole A | Tree 3 rm par tig For B { { = oi 3 © _derrvagng Asue we ” 3 A. Steevedion > - : SO DELTA otebok oar 3 Aa rete Jel om 7A © strqie Flag & Page No. ay @ Perexsons coln % Whreads : ; @ ects (Murer “Good Solution bur wT yest Qusy wait ll y bait : CPY cactes ave worsted i333. @®__Grditionat vesiobles & et wait C) Signal) «tl = a ae To = lr %, = Sle |e FS 4 te a IC as > wai t Cs) L geet £ : S Pvolue ==> $9 Valmet € “ VE (7 vae <0) f (55 wily cso) f odd fo $> bledelict nme P-pom $2 Bide =H Roce ot 3 wateenp (O) ot 3 —~i PY Sa Sermuphnre S(2) 5 1 2 walt ©) > S>vol=| > Ader > signate Te wat) —» s-rvol=o ko yatQ, > spval = -\ 2? Blot l) DELTA notebook t f) Serraproe(t) 8 15 just yuater- Aq Date. X Semophore Ifa Syhchoriation metrod, 9 Me -» - Au \ptegex equal to the Wionher of vepourres . ¥ Allows multiple pyegcom treads tr accey the init otance of verourrer whereas mutex ablows Mmadipte threads te accen 4 since Shared reoure bre of A fie * ® Binary Stmaphore Volue con be O ow 4 - ¥ Countivig erdapharyé can wange over an BB tnsest ced darain - JLecever 1¢\ SSS GO Bee ad 9 ~P- Preducer—Consumey fh \em > = 9 (D)_Peducer Threed 4 @_bonsumer Wre od 4 Producer % To (TV (te jcen Coniticas cection) 3 == ns wet 4 Prcb \eins 3 1 Sync bly prrdacey § wore wner” 9 x Producer rst pst inveil deta ohn buyer ie uot ce TF pi renee bulris , 3 ‘al aation => Sema phos 9 Om, mayo Binny ema - xed to acapire look on bufer- a 9® emphy > & counting . Seno: jitiol vote jen g® Fuh tracy, filled SLOTS. ono intial wlue ts 0 - 4 frodu cok Consumer y mh dof © 3 watery); [rw eit wl engi 0 weil (Full): / wecit voll ful 72 . troy empty > vane then fi I[—— , . bait mates) - weit (qucben DELTA notebook on__AV Page No. a UC-S+ r0kd dota te bute [remore dot From Pujer cigyral (waster) ; Signo) (muster) j cigvwh (fuss); | ine renew signed Cemphy) ¢ I inexement Fudlovolse| 3 wise (0) 2 ste () Lecto 14) & Kondov/ rier Problem> _ @ Keoder Tread > Read ster Treo > uwhte/updcte. ao Fr veaders ove red If 1x» ppl \er pA unites OR Liter DE some other tnrtad (Bw), Dh yoce covadtion , Tnwopristert dota niet IN in _&P Sol vtion using Sermphsres > % > f S& re > te ery mutual Cxchwilon, when rod qut(re) ic updated - eal : a ul 2) wk 2 Binary sernaphene 2 comnon for both yenden 6 waiter Ce @__yeod cont (vo) 9 irrece > Trndo now rary veedin Care Yeading in CS , WT r La DELTA notebook = = writer sels leg . pape No. # watt (uyt) > (do prt? opoyation sgrol (wrt); Juste ( tue) > deadlew Soln—> de wet (mutex) ; [te mutex reed found variable retts if Cee =) weit (wrt); J ensures po witer can enter [there is een one reoder slgrat (ute) = [| CS: + peoder js reockvy wait Cwsey) x¢-~j I) a reader \eones VEC ==0) "Il no yeoder leyrincs sigrad(urt): Jl udter can enter Sigroh (muster) 7 |{ seasley leoes Vwrte G) LECKRE 20) & Dining pilose pws _prektexn = BS PW lorophern R Kets” & Snood \ © E chopshaey e oO oh lg oO] @ a SAPS SES SG GSE SHS eee Pe ee bee gg ge gu / DELTA wotebook Semay hers > . Date © rh dpopstide — semaphore (Rivarg ser) paseo, ay Sema phores fost chepsti k [5] £ 4 jd\s\} @_ weit) —» Gui] > G1 > scape .\J D reaye() > Kofi] > fri veteore Sclution 2 do { (ost (foi); ye heke t net & (for te G41) 5) - } aS Tea ignod (eC) z ignet [ Pel i4i eS); Vy Kaye Zmaredd Above sobttion will lead to Deadlecld- LEI 991919 @ Wan each ph- thes te mab Ws vight Aw, he wile woiting for evox ( Deadtede)- EERE RL Ka) Allbw -otmost 4 plil- to se citting s\rrusitaneovaly= b) Allow a pil: te pice up jis fave owky iF bet Jocks ave GAs lable apd th tp do this, Ire rust pick thon in a Cai ticat section (atone cat)- ) Odd Joven mule Starvaphere Gre pel epp-gd, 49 pavics a conptke gol ution + DELTA Wotebook Sy \bbcT ote 21 y <<] @ PeadloK> pageNo.___ ah a ~~ 1 Two oF more procemes gre uoitiy on Seme serourel 5 awal obility , hich will never be ovoiloble a, jt ts i ° other process - Th toda - BYe LoiA te betn Dead (ock - =] 3 Reso Space, CPU cles, le g Locueks, To devices etc: & BS How a pyco® / tees uNlige a Renource @ A) ) Request @ 2) vse 2 gy Relesrse _ ‘ _ 2 f g GF Necemerry eraltions for dead ede > g O__Mutust gxclosion - 5 @ Hole B wait: wolk. &, a Rey asso - @_No Mreempeiion x (ea ES : @__civewar voit All adoove CopditinnS sows OCcrrt chu Maqneously - TT 7 7, PP Prey? |e |e enw @ &@ DELTA notebook & Recource P\lOcaton Groph => Y we D vexieX— 9 ® Proce vesten OD paged ay «Yq @ _ Resource vente (R] c : B fAges > © Assign Qos i al @_ Real dreat” may. c ii - — feel cw | & Motpl jwsrore of Reguyce => - © © a Example & aT re ey a 8s delinttion of ROP-G.> Recovese © _ ostrich algo b> Demd lose Ignosance —_Pree- devedopey to _herdle eves Hiya = eg = rRad—ork, pile —/ Ws eurbOx p28 Hold & wodt = Teo ensure HAW cong tion never oCcurs In the Sycten, We 3 Wust guarmdte thot whenever a pyoceMs Yea yerstS a TeROUTTe = it _doow bold any other resource - ; _excompie A vse i Cot . i ae i =< 3 A os — F @rampre Bt ado a grocers te > Paget? pis Ota | = —T 9g | 3 o 2 |4 o 2 | % 4 3 | ee Lf 7 = ® 2 1 1 |y 2 2] + 4s 21+ | Py _ ie jo 0 2 |s 3 s| 7 5 5 OSs >| fs ater ao) | FO Je_5 ENS el heady Tool > te 0 10 Colcuhat® S04 oT Ras Sequence to" seje oe eoastnte attr [Pi —> fu ors Sh P oT — Sie Sequunca eT DELTA wotevoor & Deodlook dadegion > Rone Fite System —> algo OLY, Page No. ay ues Recovery — See] Reoh ly rest of dre seraion online lectore 23 ] Code oply 2 ILecmer 24) flee Cube 24} PrP eSsievieweecewe’ BF Nemowy Manogemersd in OS BL Lsgicol Addnens spues. > G1 An oddrery generoted by CPU Us Undirect oocers to i ens oat adden > _ Loa pen doesnt exist phryci 2 Nirtuol _ Ockd yers* x Set of ott \ngtcal oddreres: generated by ony program is ge{erweel to oy Leqiica Addrerm Spacs: F Ronse Q — max 3 Hi 9.0 Plgsicod Redden = 3 Arn adder loaded to tro any Add Yer sregisperr 4 Fiat physi od memery « B+ Ver con nenes acco plycicd addeor of Yr Progrown- 3 TTS compded y Memary Monagment Unif CMMY)- 4 AD ot s 7 oot 2 Sarg 2 _ : ee 2 wel —— 3 3 ae ° mat - - DELTA notebook = The mute enapeing frem vistuol 40 phycieal oddye> on done by a Nordware device cattech Date’ . Page No. ay Memoyy Management Unit (Mau): ©) ‘How OS manager -iSelarien and protect 2 (Memory Mapping and Potedion) P) 9) OS pwvides Virtucl Adolron ¢ pace \) ‘To sepavati mimo space, we need the ability 7° determina “the vonge of (ego addyewer thot the Pwocers poy Acces and fo ensure thot tho pce Con ACen oly there logical addyors en The relocati Ss value of omatled” physical address -( Bose cddyew [eS the Veit | regiStey contains jhe yonge of logical addvenres ee 1. d)__gach legteo odlclyers must be lew tron the {init yeatstrerx - & Kddlyeo Tronslation = [nar registes] ——[Retowtton | Register Pore, Moin EMP ye v [regs Addreast | ewor + Winn (PU _sonedulor -sele cts a proces for executlon, Ma ae loods the vwinceHon and Umit yegistert wl}, the renasdte — “comeet values os pand of Conteur suvitching + DELTA Notebook ,? Ailocakon Method on Physical Mermovy > . 2% . Covi nn > cokion = Date___ 5 © fettol Oe Page No. 4 + ach proce is contolned in a Single eortiquous blecke- ¥ Fred yartiony 9 9) Tein rumory 18 divided inte portions of yal oe 9 Aijferent Sizer+ ; os é OL sre _|pevittens _—— e oane (———_ RE AMR 2 BRO | part -2 Ane re) = ae] ANG 2 ZMP | post3 Unusesd pact 2 ne )——— J zee: (Extenrod 2 i Fragrnerctoction ; Trtesrot Fragrrentotion gf Tntermet fragmontotion > 3——Ha_ine sizeof the procew is lentes thon the ftoiol cise 5 of the partition -then Some size of the Partiten gett 3 Wosted And WinGin UNL + 5 x frterve) Fragmerst chon > > ‘The total tnued space of vorious postition: iconnot be 4 Us@A to lood «the pw cecd even though there is = ~ Pecause “the She of fastition cat be Vasied according fo 8 3 fie pee 7 & Dyromic portioning Partition sige is not declared Ai ey Trisdedaws ortne try of peo SM ——A N98 BEE sn Loosing * LL AAnotewes pver {ined partitioning > _ @ No Wiernot 4rogyrent ation = LL @_No Vwit ow she of proces an @ Rewer degre of rwtti pxeqrananting “R G E © Externpt FPragmentotion - = S & AL for) 4 ta \e! & SMB fee! ae -(P>) > |\@B 2mB| Ptr - ® ang fre | Part3 ————>(P2)_ complete ue Ga) —————|_ Pa). 48) fort 4 x gue GP) PE con be locded inte mamOny even though there iS e 4 corti : ‘lalallala M ECTORE 2S [ & Detrogmentation / tornpa epnHon > fap ® D> >AAP PP DAD Seeeeeeece _ peop teoce + DS wes linked LisT type dota strudwe to Rechntobe Free pace + _Deyrarnentotion means , mere Free pace age te the Same side ancl al\tomted space to the other side sex doemt need Yo Know obour depramenotton because os femes, cove oF IT witn hale of Legical addyerses. DELTA Notebook ) B Unitatione > Date. + The epsrclency oF the cute is decrensafege no. ay’ in case of Compaction” Since ot phe free ppacer wit! be Tyomjerred pom severol placey 2p a singe spam place» 6)__How free ps eS Stored /reprerenred in OSS? fp) Free oles iin the maeriay aye reproxnteh by o Pree (sr Ciinwea Gar ) ©) How to sotsdy O regret OF @ 730 fora oa Nich of Free pater? 9 A) Vorious algo which ave lplemsnted by Of sjn oyder to Pewee eee eae x dind our the holes in Vinked list and aWlocake tpn do & the _procersey - 3 3 @_Bryst FE kale. 2 Pllocats the fivst dyeae Thar Ria - 2g Simple and Lory =. Fast/Lens time copipied ty 2) Net Air 4 + Erhoncerent 6 F Ryst At buf cravts search always Pom = lost Oocotia ole * D somra qdnontoger of Fst RE: BO er Fr. D+ pirorstes cyratert hole thot is big enough’ B= sow D+ ew Ayeryod Frogyront oon. BD > High externa) Frogmentotion 9 9 © vost Ab BD? Miowter the biggest holes that iS blg enowh 2— Slo = @— High. inrernas Frogaurtotion . = DELTA notebook . Lak corel Fragyuiidhion 78 os A com Paging am /( Non comfqua us) > = ws ae ut we ab Fe s wa! = Fu ote, 1 3 ») Se & i 144 o a DP Cw | DP 1 1 | = 16 LB — Size division Logica) Frans ERA Z Ie aa frome sing proceso Deperals ov Gi axchife hut tele : Paging is the preceys of division of procen int yixed ti size page + Sem and diuision of RAM tate jinech shoe ott Frome: : < i, yoalde_ mennry every process hos 1 z & Page Thilo > own page table el Legtre) page ws Pry cited Frome noe ek 3 F pao Frome 3 C & eal i eck G7. \ fs «| P93 | Fo oe _ o Ur cclacdren 9 Procen —> 64 bytes \ & - hm (4 ¢ a fe fnlentidy €4 bates, we nec e f tts « = DELTA wacebook Deon asthe = om > [Link] tt) off S44) pagene, __ a dy = . +4 x Imilary, since frome sine ts obo of 16 Size - s str pute ic atm ie in Frame gih(F)- - - then the 2% byte choud be of ur+q eee byte. S ir = |i Wool offset) 3 2 Frome no-(F) Ss 3 Aclaens Twon tlatie n= : 2 " a ekh olol\ a: LJ poaerave] | |_| ° fage le. ia € ff ea e inthe Plysitol masimary 3s a P, . 2 ~ . > ge Table is sforeal “im voakin nsamoeny wt the Ryu of procem cxeation Oyol iy bdxe@ oddyers is Stored jn ° Pyocew contol Block ( eee) > - B+ A page table base xegt PTBR) is in the system. 2 thot polvts to the cumunk page fable + changing page 2B FObleS eeguires change Im only His wegietes od Nene 1] OF context Susi tclding s 4 ' . 4+ Non=contigous -cUbo cation of, the pages of the procers 2 js aM gwed tn tne vardorn free firames of Hee 2 plysicol Weng + — ° . _ DELTA notebook 9 Why pog\rg is slow and how do we malte i? Jor, a | Date. A) Trarc\otion Look Aside Buyer Crt) pagent. way tt A hardware support +o speed uf paging proce Tits a varvdw are A®, high See yreinort. TOL Wor Vey A value Paging Wardloore with TL meal ere edches T] ea Lens y Frome no Phaysical | Tae Ty fTE Of Wit WELLS. es e = We was : y 1 ae 5 wi | LLU L t POZS Table thot loppens fo TLR ater conbert Switeldng A) We condo — © Flueh TLE Not E_fic'ert) @ Unique identities tor wit\ ldestijy wwigwe paocers Adiver — hOGA T tone | Peno- | ° lo sence SA Joo \o 5 | Me_-| ERELE st DELTA noerook = fadrers Space Tdensigions ( ASDs) is stored in epch ery of TLR PSTD urquely idutifies ead 23——— SH Page No. -& proces and ty Ured tn “provide oddrem .cpact pretectton And allow to TLE +0 emtoin exnies for several di jems proce ner = LECTuRE 24\ &_ Seey~nerroston = Since, paging. cam break a sfuncTin Ine mubsple pager: Fb Con leach fo some jntoncictency or performance B__degrode- Te Solve this, segmentation kasaiss to. B_viarioble Partitioning of logical addres spacs: $ PRIS SiO@gQwetcgeacw pg Compiler to user pargrand yexpomsibility fo break 3 proqvann ite Sef prot - _ 5 : > 6)_ NAL Tanslaton? SegmenSoiton seit | b roned Table eS eo) So 3 i. Trap ractdrering err ' 9 ? (_Ne_iwerred fro gurentodion rhea a. contigioua -aMlacatton, nen ce BELIA vs aiden wedding uathin segment %\ mi D We Size of segmad pable is qemeratly jens thar ie S32 of stable - Snes 36 of Page 0 ay Page No. us @ Ress in arnore Ciiclerd rystem because fr comp ber keeps Hoe sam: typed ‘of Junctions in one cegynand - _ DISOaNO wreges = O fxtemad Ragmadarion yo Sent © pi Nest setmen Sesmusts are Yond Wighes &the reatare oo. 7 7 + Modern Soae Chitechue -pyouides both seareaaten § Paging trnplurred€d in some hybrid appyoach « {LECTORE 4 CS Vier Nernony Managerrcut => as MW fe MD _ Phusices memory @__egicad Premrory v og @_ Vivtued meme = a 7 : : 3 a need : = / Se = Je tL ° _D whak boppans Fe the et @ | —— . See — aly == ae = —— EWiig Paws a TF ©) What bopper tn the west af the pagen? at A) Rest oF the pages mre shovedt jn yerenved space of Hope ; Svap spa RAM + Swap space = Virtual memory Co DELTA notebook =f svittuadl memory if a fe oa 4 Date. c pceney red are veh consis “ge the maton « & + Ceaw an iW wien of having obi main vremory = + Jnchuctions ave tp te exe cused ta _Phuystcol ynene (pees) ee Demand poghrs > ~ Tn demond paging, the pager of pyncers w get Sioved Sun the Sehondany mennnry Wich ave least used + There ave Naxtous page replownsich algorithms: + Pager ic meyparsible for swaping in/out pngen: yrPrr es eviews ewoew Yow wi pA) water a prcceres is ty be Sianpped= in, the pager guiense? thich Goges Uil\ we Used ° $ " 5 5 aren wor Ping Tr whole grocers, the pager sings 5 hy Ke pagers {nite _msinvery 2 _ = 9 @_Arove wary Of le cxeares the suiap Ame ound the anowd of > puyleal vrmmory necoud > 5 9 © _Vabid= Tnvlid bit scheme in the page table is sad to : —, bles poses sjtat ore jn memory, And thot are on ‘ 2 ‘ 4 i— vets tit = ott Veget_and a vernon 4 6 > inwalld bit > poge either net valid (ongt In > the LAS of the poocens’) ov is waticl buct ; SPEC euartty on die wal > 4 - : DELTA notebook Page table when some pages are Date. neh Tn mune x sali 4 6 a ° \ z 3 4 s c Ste PS TA pord\ing a page wee Fou Pose iS on ba cleing Shove - os © ae L—— ] Wpasatng poge @ — — Phyt3 Cad reenory DELTA notebook & Pure Dernard poging=> my Date. « Gneteeme case, we Con shart exccosting Page No. A A prices with pp pages ‘yn “erty + + Never bring a pege Syke murnnye wtiL TE ic required + bbitnuclu, this will lead to a \et of oveyneode- So, to Solve tic, pe use locality F_wejerence to bing out yeoxonob\e peyformance fron femnand poging- pis? 9 © Advindoges of vixtual memory > 9 D The system con be coyne Sloves AS Cwoe?P 2 4 ©Q) Thrashing ynoy occur eh ee ee Yro Tokes Tima: 4 3 LECTURE al 3 4 Pose replomaty olgos = z pt Page forts D Swapping Ww a page because page dows eatst in Rih- 2 foge Fours sewice Time ©. Fisst To Fyst our (FtFo)> Allocat Frome te the page ac it wes ico je memay by (asplasing, he _oxBest pape + Easy te Povvlemmert + + feformonce not good - at o + ; Is]. o | o | 2 Re oy ys oe \ Loa @® SSPPeve eee oo a od: 3 A QO; Oop oa] Ol4 a) i+ QP 5 ® 6

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