HEALTH 9
3rd Quarter
LECTURE NOTES
FIRST AID
is an immediate and temporary
care given to a person who
suddenly gets ill or injured. It
includes self-help and home
care if medical assistance is
not available or delayed.
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ROLES OF FIRST AID
1. It is the bridge that fills the gap between
the victim and the physician.
2. It is not intended to compete with or to
take the place of the services of the
physician.
3. It ends when the services of the physician
begins.
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OBJECTIVES OF FIRST
AID
1. To save lives
2. To prolong life
3. To alleviate suffering
4. To prevent further injury
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CHARACTERISTICS OF A
GOOD FIRST AIDER
• Gentle - does not cause pain and panic
• Observant - notices all signs
• Resourceful - makes the best use of things
at hand
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CHARACTERISTICS OF A
GOOD FIRST AIDER
• Tactful - does not frighten the victim
• Sympathetic - comforts and reassures the
victim
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PRINCIPLES OF FIRST
AID
Dos in Giving First Aid:
• DO stay calm.
• DO reassure and comfort the victim.
• DO check for a medical bracelet indicating
a condition, such as epilepsy or diabetes.
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PRINCIPLES OF FIRST
AID
(continuation) Dos in Giving First Aid:
• DO loosen any tight clothing.
• DO keep the victim covered to reduce
shock.
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PRINCIPLES OF FIRST
AID
Don’ts in Giving First Aid:
• DON’T give food and drink to an unconscious
person.
• DON’T move an injured person unless you
need to place him/her in the recovery position.
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STEPS IN ASSESSING
EMERGENCY
SITUATIONS
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1. IS ANYONE IN
DANGER?
- If yes, can the danger be easily
managed?
- If it cannot, call for an emergency
help and protect the scene.
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2. MOVE TO THE
QUIETEST VICTIM
- Gently shake the shoulders and ask the
question: “Hey, hey, hey, are you okay?”
- If the victim responds, treat any life
threatening condition.
- If there is no response, check the airway.
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3. OPEN THE
AIRWAY
Do the “Head Tilt Chin Lift Method”:
lift the chin, remove any
obstructions present, then gently
tilt back the head
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4. CHECK FOR
BREATHING
- If breathing, check for and treat any life threatening
conditions and place in the recovery position
- If not breathing, give two rescue breaths: pinch the
nose, seal your mouth over the victim’s mouth and
breathe into the person.
- If the rescuer is alone, call for an ambulance.
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5. LOOK FOR SIGNS
OF CIRCULATION
- If the victim is a child, or an adult who has
suffered from drowning or accident,
proceed directly to the CPR
- Otherwise look for signs of life such as
movement and normal skin color.
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Start Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
(CPR) (Combine rescue breathing with
chest compressions)
Continue rescue breathing
Check for signs of circulation every
minute
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VITAL SIGNS
are measures of various physiological
statistics taken in order to assess the most
basic body functions.
✓ Body Temperature
✓ Pulse Rate or Heart Rate
✓ Blood Pressure
✓ Respiratory Rate
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CIRCULATION, AIRWAY,
AND BREATHING (CAB)
who is then called Airway, Breathing, and
Circulation (ABC) are mnemonics for
essential steps used by both medical
professionals and lay persons such as first
aiders when dealing with a patient.
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SIGNS
are details discovered by applying our
senses—sight, touch, hearing, and smell
during the course of examination.
Example:
- Bleeding
- Swelling
- Deformities
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SYMPTOMS
are sensations that the victim feels or
experiences and may be able to describe.
Example:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Heat
- Impaired sensations
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PRIMARY SURVEY
is used when the victim is
unconscious and to find
out and immediately treat
life threatening conditions.
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PRIMARY SURVEY
a. Check for consciousness
b. Open the airway
c. Check for breathing
d. Check for circulation
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SECONDARY SURVEY
is used when the victim is
conscious or has revived. It
aims to detect everything
about the patient's
condition. 22
SECONDARY SURVEY
a. History Taking
“SAMPLE PAIN” is the
mnemonic in order to
perform the steps more
easily. 23
SECONDARY SURVEY
S-ymptoms (the chief complaint of the patient)
A-llergy (find out if the victim is allergic to anything)
M-edication (what are the medicines s/he is currently taking)
P-revious illness (that may be related to the problem)
L-ast meal (only for those subject for operation)
E-vents prior to what happened
P-eriod of pain (How long? What started it?)
A-rea (Where is the pain coming from?)
I-ntensity
N-ullify (What stopped it?)
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SECONDARY SURVEY
b. Checking for Vital Signs
1. Pulse Rate
2. Body Temperature
3. Respiration
4. Skin color
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SECONDARY SURVEY
c. Head-to-Toe Examination
1. Head and neck
2. Eyes
3. Chest
4. Abdomen
5. Back
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TOP TEN THINGS TO
DO IN CASE OF
EMERGENCY
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1. Shout for HELP!
2. Survey the scene and assess the situation.
3. Determine if the accident warrants a visit
to the nearest hospital or if simple cleansing
and band aid will do.
4. If you are certified in CPR and a victim
needs it, begin CPR right away.
5. Stop the bleeding, if there is any.
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6. Treat any symptoms of shock.
7. Look for the medical alert tag in every victim.
8. Seek trained medical assistance.
9. Never give anything by mouth to an
unconscious victim.
10. Wait for medical professionals to arrive.
*ALWAYS LOOK FOR A MEDICAL ALERT TAG IN
EVERY VICTIM.
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DRESSING
is a piece of sterile cloth
that covers a wound to
prevent infection
and/or to stop bleeding.
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PURPOSE
1. Protect the wound
2. Absorb blood and fluids
3. Promote healing
4. Reduce pain
5. Control bleeding
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BANDAGE
are used to apply pressure to
bleeding, for covering wounds
and burns, and providing support
for immobilization for broken
bones, sprains, and strains.
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PURPOSE
1. Secures dressing
2. Applies pressure to stop bleeding
3. Supports sprains and fractures
4. Reduces swelling
5. Limits movement
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3 MAIN TYPES OF
BANDAGES
1. Triangular Bandage
2. Roller/Ace/ Elastic Bandage
3. Tubular Bandage
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PARTS OF TRIANGULAR
BANDAGE
1. Apex
2. Base
3. Sides
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CRAVAT PHASE
FOLDING
st:
1 One fold
nd:
2 Two folds (Broad fold)
rd:
3 Three folds (Narrow fold)
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HOW TO DO A
SQUARE KNOT
Always remember the
phrase: “Right over Left,
Left over Right” 37
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