CHEMISTRY PROJECT
On
COMPARITIVE STUDY OF COMMERCIAL ANTACIDS
By
Ramik Sharma
Class XII – B
Roll No:
VIVEKANAND PUBLIC SCHOOL
NEW DELHI
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that RAMIK SHARMA a student of class XII - B has successfully completed
the research on project entitled ‘COMPARITIVE STUDY OF COMMERCIAL ANTACIDS’ under
the guidance of ..................................... (subject teacher) during the year 2018-19 in partial
fulfilment of chemistry practical examination conducted by CBSE, Delhi.
(Signature of external examiner) (Signature of chemistry teacher)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance from
many people and I am extremely privileged to have got this all along the completion of my
project. All that I have done is only due to such supervision and assistance and I would not
forget to thank them.
First and foremost, I would like to express my deep gratitude to our principal, .............................
for providing us with state of the art laboratories and infrastructure and also providing her
valuable suggestions and feedback, which were instrumental in shaping up the project
work.
I would like to express my deep gratitude to my chemistry teacher .....................................who
gave me the golden opportunity to do this project. I am thankful to and fortunate enough to
get constant encouragement, support and guidance from her which helped me in
successfully completing my project work. She further helped me with understanding the
theory behind the reactions.
Also, I would like to extend my sincere esteems to all staff in laboratory for their timely
support.
I would like to thank my parents who morally supported me.
I would also like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to the authors and publishers of the books
and managements of the websites, I referred to (as in Bibliography), for having provided me
with valuable information.
Signature of the student
TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL ANTACIDS
(Tablets)
Introduction
Digestion in the stomach results from the action of gastric fluid, which includes secretions of
digestive enzymes, mucous, and hydrochloric acid. The acidic environment of the stomach
makes it possible for inactive forms of digestive enzymes to be converted into active forms
(i.e. pepsinogen into pepsin), acid is also needed to dissolve minerals and kill bacteria that
may enter the stomach along with food. However, excessive acid production (hyperacidity)
results in the unpleasant symptoms of heartburn and may contribute to ulcer formation in
the stomach lining.
Antacids are weak bases (most commonly bicarbonates, hydroxides, and carbonates) that
neutralize excess stomach acid and thus alleviate symptoms of heartburn. The general
neutralization reaction is:
Antacid (weak base) + HCl (stomach acid)—> salts + H2O + CO2
The hydrochloric acid solution used in this experiment (0.1 M) approximates the
acid conditions of the human stomach, which is typically 0.4 to 0.5% HQ by mass (pH ~ 1).
Antacids help people who have or get heartburn. The following information will help people
understand how stomach acid works and what antacid will help those most.
Classification of antacids
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Antacids perform a neutralization reaction, i.e. they buffer gastric acid, raising the pH to
reduce acidity in the stomach. When gastric hydrochloric acid reaches the nerves in the
gastrointestinal mucosa, they signal pain to the central nervous system. This happens when
these nerves are exposed, as in peptic ulcers. The gastric acid may also reach ulcers in the
oesophagus or the duodenum. Other mechanisms may contribute, such as the effect of
aluminium ions inhibiting smooth muscle cell contraction and delaying gastric emptying.
AIM
To Determine the Effectiveness of Commercial Antacids (Tablets) by conducting a
quantitative analysis.
Motives behind selecting this research project:
Consumerism, in the era of global industrialization, plays a very important role. There are
various product options available for consumers to choose from. Different manufacturers
selling their products, attempting to sway public opinion in their favor, marketing their
products regardless of their effectiveness in functionality. Hence it becomes the consumer’s
right to experiment and know the most effective, efficient, and value for money product.
There are various methods to conclude that a product out of all the given competitors is the
best. Experimental research is the most rational and convincing one of those methods. The
result of this analysis could be used to inform oneself as to which antacid is the best and
provides best relief.
Material And Chemicals Required
BURETTE
PIPETTE
DIFFERENT ANTACID TABLETS
BEAKERS
NaOH(sol)
HCL(conc.)
DISTILLED WATER
SPATULLA
BURETTE STAND
WEIGHING MACHINE
GLASS ROD
BUNSEN BURNER
THEORY
The efficiency of antacid tablets may be determined and compared by finding the number of
grams of HCl that can be neutralized by 1 gram of the tablet, The higher the amount of HCl
that can be neutralized by 1 gram of the tablet, the more efficient the antacid. In
determining the efficiency of an antacid tablet, the volume of un-reacted HCl in the antacid
mixture is titrated with NaOH.
The chemical equation that describes the reaction between HCl and NaOH is:
HCL + NaOH NaCI + H2O
The equation to calculate for the amount of HCl neutralized is:
MHCL X VHCL = MNaOH X VNaOH
Acid-base titration is the combination of an acid solution with a base solution until one fully
neutralizes the other. The one that is fully neutralized is of unknown concentration. At the
point of neutralization, the amount added to reach neutralization determines how much
base or acid was in the solution of unknown concentration. The solution of known solution
is called the “standard solution” or the “titrant.” Acid-base titrations are not the only type of
titration but they are the most common.
Antacids increase the pH of the stomach almost immediately to relieve acid indigestion,
heartburn, gastritis, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Antacids, like all
medications, are attached to a base. Antacids are attached to sodium, calcium, magnesium,
or aluminium.
Procedure
PART – I: Standardization of HCl solution
A solution of NaOH, of known strength was provided. This NaOH solution was used
to determine the strength of the supplied HCl solution (10 ml of HCl was used for
titration).
Phenolphthalein (2 - 3 drops) indicator was used.
This solution was titrated till appearance of pink colour was observed.
PART – II: Estimation of the strength of the given Antacid solution
Given antacid solution (10 ml) was pipette out into a 250 ml conical flask. 20 ml of
distilled water and 2–3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator was added. The
solution become pink in color.
20 ml of the given HCl solution was added from the burette. The solution turned
colorless.
It was mixed thoroughly, and the mixture was warmed carefully on a hot plate.
Bubbling occured because of the liberation of CO2 gas. When the red color
returned, flask was cooled.
1 ml of HCl was added at a time, until the color disappeared. The solution was
boiled for 2 minutes.
The flask was cooled under the tap.
Excess HCl was back titrated against NaOH solution ( taken in the burette),
whose strength was known. The first appearance of the pink color gave the end
point.
This procedure (Steps 1 to 5 above) was repeated with 10 ml of the antacid solution.
ANTACID TABLETS USED
Antacid 1: Antacid 2:
Digene Zantac 150
Antacid 3:
Pantaprazole
OBSERVATION TABLE
TABLE 1: Standardization of HCl solution
Strength of NaOH solution = 0.1 N
Volume of HCl used = 10 ml
Strength of HCl = VNaOH X SNaOH = 0.065N __________
V HCl
Strength of HCl = 0.065 N
TABLE 2: Determination of strength of Antacid Tablets (SA)
Volume of antacid solution used = 10 ml
ANTACID 1 (DIGENE)
(10 x SA) + (v x S NaOH) = (20 x S HCl)
Strength of antacid (SA1) = 0.015N
ANTACID 2 (ZANTAC)
(10 x SA) + (v x S NaOH ) = (20 x S HCl)
Strength of antacid (SA2) = 0.08N
ANTACID 3 (PENTACID)
(10 x SA) + (v x SNaOH) = (20 x S HCl)
Strength of antacid (SA3) = 0.01N
REACTIONS INVOLVED
(i) HCl + NaOH NaCl + H20
(ii) CaCO3 + 2H3O+Ca2+ + 2H2O + H2CO3 H2O(l) + CO2(g)
For this particular experiment, back- titration occurs when an antacid is dissolved in excess
HCl(aq) and the remaining acid is then neutralized by the standardized NaOH(aq) (Swartz,
2013). From this, the change in molarity between the initial concentration of HCl(aq) and
the moles neutralized will determine the mass of the active ingredient in the antacid that
can later prove the effectiveness of antacid brands as buffers.
RESULT:
Strength of HCl = 0.065 N
Strength of Antacid Tablet (1) = 0.015 N
Strength of Antacid Tablet (2) = 0.08 N
Strength of Antacid Tablet (3) = 0.01 N
The antacid which requires the least amount of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is the best
antacid. From the recorded observation, Zantac requires the least (5 ml), and is therefore
the best Antacid.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Antacids are the substances used to neutralize stomach acids. The active ingredients of
most of the antacids are bases of calcium, magnesium and aluminium. In our work we used
three solid tablets for the investigation of acid neutralization efficiency. 1 g of each solid
sample was taken and it was neutralized with 10ml of HCl .The mixture was then titrated
against NaOH to neutralize the remaining acid. The volume of of NaOH required for the
neutralization of acid left in each sample indicated its neutralization efficiency. From the
volume of HCl required for neutralizing a definite amount of antacid matter was calculated.
This study lead to the conclusion that in case of solid antacids Zantac is the most effective.
This project provides some idea about the ingredients of various antacids. The information
gained from this project will help people to realize the fact that it is not the price or brand
name or the external appearances that works. Thus people can save money also.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Patel , T. Baheliya, VK, Prajapati, RK, Yadav, VK, Yadav, AK, Jaiswal, 2014, Heart burn
OTC drugs, Pharma tutor, 2 (11): 16-21,
Lullmann H, Mohr K, Hein L, Bieger D: Color Atlas of Pharmacology. 3rd Edition.
Thieme, Stuttgart Germany. 2005
Katakam, P., Tantosh, N. M., AIEshy, A.M., Rajab, L. J. and Elfituri A. A. 2010 A
Comparative Study of the Acid Neutralizing Capacity of Various Commercially
Available Antacid Formulations in Libya, Libyan journal of medical Research 7(1):
41-49.
Practical chemistry for class XII-Laxmi publications (P).Ltd
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