OPERATING SYSTEM – ANSWER SHEET
SECTION A – MCQ Answers
1) c 2) a 3) d 4) c 5) b 6) a
SECTION B – One line answers
7) OS is system software that manages hardware and software resources.
8) A system call is a request from a program to the OS for a service.
9) Laser printer.
10) Thrashing is excessive paging due to lack of memory.
11) mkdir directory_name
12) Logical address space is the range of addresses generated by the CPU.
SECTION C – 4 Mark Answers
13) Process states: New, Ready, Running, Waiting, Terminated. (Explanation)
14) PCB stores: PID, state, PC, registers, memory info, scheduling info.
15) FCFS: Jobs served in order of arrival. (Example description)
16) Deadlock conditions: Mutual exclusion, hold & wait, no preemption, circular wait.
17) Internal fragmentation: unused space inside allocated block. External: free space broken into small
pieces.
18) Paging: divides memory into fixed-size pages; avoids external fragmentation.
19) Swapping: moving processes between RAM and disk.
20) File attributes: name, type, size, location, protection, timestamps.
21) Sequential access: data accessed in order. Direct access: random access using address.
22) Input redirection (<) takes input from file. Output redirection (>) sends output to file.
SECTION D – 8 Mark Answers
23) Virtual memory: allows execution of large programs by using disk as extension of RAM.
Working: paging, page table, page fault handling, demand paging.
24) Segmentation: divides program into logical segments.
Working: segment table, base & limit, address translation (segment no + offset).
25) Deadlock handling:
Prevention: remove one of four conditions.
Avoidance: Banker's algorithm.
Detection: detect cycles in resource allocation graph.
Recovery: terminate process or preempt resources.