Components

 Cylinder Block
 Flywheel
 Cylinder Head
 Gasket
 Piston
 Main Bearing
 Piston Rings
 Fuel Pump
 Connecting Rod
 Gudgeon pin  Carburetor

 Crankshaft  Spark Plug

 Cam Shaft  Fuel Injector

 Inlet and Exhaust Valves

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Department of Mechanical Engineering, WEC, University of Wah
Cylinder Block

 Material: Aluminum-Alloy, Grey Cast Iron.

 Location: Integral part of crank case.
 Function: Contain the cylinder and contain
water jackets for cooling of an engine.

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 Cylinder Head

 Material: Steel, Grey Cast Iron, Aluminum,

Alloy.
 Location: Installed at the top of cylinder block.
 Function: It contains inlet and exhaust valve.
Moreover it contains spark plug/ fuel injection el
injection.

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Piston

 Material:Aluminum, Alloy, Steel, Cast

Iron, Chrome, Ni.
 Location: Inside the cylinder /liner.
 Function: Suck and compress the
charge and receive power during power
stroke.

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Piston Rings
 Material: Cast Iron (because it retains the integrity of its
original shape under heat, load, and other dynamic forces).
 Location: Mounted inside annular grooves/cut in piston.
 Function: Serve as sealing the combustion chamber so that
there is minimal loss of gases to the crank case, improving
heat transfer from the piston to the cylinder wall, maintaining
the proper quantity of the oil between the piston and the
cylinder wall, regulating engine oil consumption by scraping
oil from the cylinder walls back to the sump. It has three
types named as: compression rings, wiper ring and oil
ring.

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Connecting Rod

 Material: Medium carbon steel, Aluminum

Alloys, Titanium.
 Location: Located between piston end and the
crankshaft.
 Function: It transmits the reciprocating
(linear) motion of the piston into circular
(rotary) motion of the crank shaft.

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Gudgeon Pin

 Material: Steel.

 Location: Mounted on piston.

 Function: A pin holding a piston rod and a
connecting rod together. Transmits motion and
power to crankshaft.

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Crank Shaft

 Material: Forged Steel.

 Location: Within crankcase. It connect
connecting rod and main shaft.
 Function: Receive oscillatory/reciprocating
(linear) motion from connecting rod and gives
it to main shaft in rotary motion. Also it drives
cam shaft which actuates valve of an engine.

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Cam Shaft
 Material: Forged Steel.
 Location: Lower portion of cylinder head.
 Function: It is driven from crankshaft by timing gear or
chain. It operates inlet and exhaust valve with the help
of cam follower, push rod and rocker arm.
A double overhead cam engine has two cams per head.
So, inline engines have two cams, and V engines have
four. Usually, double overhead cams are used on
engines with four or more valves per cylinder. A single
overhead camshaft simply cannot fit enough cam lobes
to actuate all of those valves.

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Inlet and Exhaust Valves
 Material: Ni, Chrome, Alloy, Steel.
 Location: Located at junction of intake port / exhaust
port and cylinder.
 Function: Inlet valve allows fresh charge to enter the
cylinder whereas outlet valve permits the burnt gases to
escape from cylinder head in proper time.
The exhaust valve is smaller because the engine
compressed the air and fuel mixture and burned it, so it
is high pressure and needs less room to exit. The intake
valve is larger because the intake pressure is much less
and needs more room for adequate charge to enter.

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Flywheel
 Material: Cast Iron.
 Location: Mounted on main shaft.
 Function: It is used to store rotational energy. Providing
continuous and smooth energy / power output when
the energy source is discontinuous. For example,
flywheels are used in reciprocating engines because
the energy source or torque from the engine is
intermittent. Flywheels resist changes in rotational speed
by their moment of inertia. The amount of energy stored
in a flywheel is proportional to the square of its
rotational speed.

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Gasket
 Material: Sheet of Copper and Asbestos.
 Location: Between cylinder head and cylinder
block.
 Function: A gasket is a mechanical seal which
fills the space between two or more mating
surfaces, generally to prevent leakage from or
into the joined objects while under
compression. Gaskets allow for "less-than-
perfect" mating surfaces on machine parts
where they can fill irregularities.

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Main Bearing
 Material: Babbitt (Tin Based Alloy, ASTM B-
23 Grade 2), White metal (Tin Based Alloy),
Stainless Steel.
 Location: Located in crankcase housing to
support crankshaft.
 Function: In a piston engine, the main
bearings are the bearings on which the
crankshaft rotates. It function is to support the
crankshaft.

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Fuel Pump

 Material: Aluminum, Alloy.

 Location: Located between oil tank and

carburetor.
 Function: Supply petrol to carburetor in
proper amount.

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Carburetor

 Material: Aluminum, Alloy.

 Location: Outside the cylinder head between

fuel pump and fuel valve manifold.
 Function: Mixing air and fuel in proper ratio
according to requirement of engine. Sometime
it is known as kitchen of engine.

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Spark Plug
 Material: Ni Alloy (Electrode), Ceramic
(Insulator).
 Location: Located near top of cylinder.
 Function: It ignites the air fuel mixture in the
combustion chamber. It ignites the combustion.
A high-performance sports car that regularly
sees high revolutions will cost more often
(20,000-40,000 miles in case of general /
optimum revolutions) spark plugs replace.

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Fuel Injector
 Material: Steel.
 Location: Fitted in the cylinder head.
 Function: Deliver fuel in form of fine spray under.
The fuel injector, an electrically operated gate,
delivers fuel into the engine via its nozzle. The Engine
Control Unit (ECU) dictates when the injector should
inject fuel into the engine cylinder. It is advisable to
clean the injectors every 25,000 to 30,000 miles (max.
45,000 miles) to ensure that they do not get clogged.
Single-point and multipoint fuel injection are generally
used.

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