Formula Notes
COMPUTER NETWORKS
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Computer Networks
Contents
[Link]. Topic Page No.
1. Flow Control 2
2. Transmission Delay 3
3. Propagation Delay 3
4. Round Trip Time 4
5. Efficiency in Time Division Multiplexing 4
6. CSMA/CD 4
7. Back-off Algorithm 4
8. Early Token Reinsertion 5
9. Delayed Token Reinsertion 5
10. ALOHA 5
11. Parity Formula 5
12. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) 5
13. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 6
14. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 6
15. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) 6
Flow Control
Stop and Wait
Efficiency
Buffer = 1 + 1
Sequence Number = 1 + 1 = 2
Retransmission = 1
COMPUTER NETWORKS | Formula Notes PAGE 2
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Go back N
Efficiency
Buffer = N + 1
Sequence Number = N + 1
Retransmission = N
Selective Repeat
Efficiency
Buffer = N + N
Sequence Number = N + N
Retransmission = 1
Here, N is window size and
Transmission Delay
Propagation Delay
COMPUTER NETWORKS | Formula Notes PAGE 3
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Round Trip Time
RTT = 2 * Tp
Efficiency in Time Division Multiplexing
Efficiency (TDM) (polling)
CSMA/CD
T t ≥ 2 * Tp
Minimum frame length = 2 * Tp * Bandwidth
Efficiency
Back-off Algorithm
Let n is serial number of collision ,waiting time = K * T slot
K = [0, 2n – 1]
COMPUTER NETWORKS | Formula Notes PAGE 4
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Early Token Reinsertion
Pure Aloha
Efficiency, η = G e-2G
η = 18.4% when G = ½
Slotted Aloha
Efficiency, η = Ge-G
η = 36.8%, when G = ½
Parity Formula
2P ≥ m + p + 1
m = number of bits in message
p = number of parity bits.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
Uses UDP.
Application layer protocol
COMPUTER NETWORKS | Formula Notes PAGE 5
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SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
Uses TCP
Application layer protocol
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Uses TCP
2 TCP connection in parallel
Application layer protocol
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Uses TCP
Stateless protocol
Application layer protocol
COMPUTER NETWORKS | Formula Notes PAGE 6